83 research outputs found
Critical fluctuations and anomalous transport in soft Yukawa-Langevin systems
Simulation of a Langevin-dynamics model demonstrates emergence of critical
fluctuations and anomalous grain transport which have been observed in
experiments on "soft" quasi-two-dimensional dusty plasma clusters. It has been
suggested that these anomalies derive from particular non-equilibrium physics,
but our model does not contain such physics: the grains are confined by an
external potential, interact via static Yukawa forces, and are subject to
stochastic heating and dissipation from neutrals. One remarkable feature is
emergence of leptokurtic probability distributions of grain displacements
on time-scales , where is the
time at which the standard deviation
approaches the mean inter-grain distance . Others are development of
humps in the distributions on multiples of , anomalous Hurst exponents,
and transitions from leptokurtic towards Gaussian displacement distributions on
time scales . The latter is a signature of intermittency,
here interpreted as a transition from bursty transport associated with hopping
on intermediate time scales to vortical flows on longer time scales.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
Three dimensional complex plasma structures in a combined radio frequency and direct current discharge
We report on the first detailed analysis of large three dimensional (3D)
complex plasma structures in experiments performed in pure rf and combined
rf+dc discharge modes. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is generated by an rf
coil wrapped around the vertically positioned cylindrical glass tube at a
pressure of 0.3 mbar. In addition, dc plasma can be generated by applying
voltage to the electrodes at the ends of the tube far from the rf coil. The
injected monodisperse particles are levitated in the plasma below the coil. A
scanning laser sheet and a high resolution camera are used to determine the 3D
positions of about particles. The observed bowl-shaped particle clouds
reveal coexistence of various structures, including well-distinguished
solid-like, less ordered liquid-like, and pronounced string-like phases. New
criteria to identify string-like structures are proposed.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Structural properties of dense hard sphere packings
The structural properties of dense random packings of identical hard spheres
(HS) are investigated. The bond order parameter method is used to obtain
detailed information on the local structural properties of the system for
different packing fractions , in the range between and
. A new order parameter, based on the cumulative properties of
spheres distribution over the rotational invariant , is proposed to
characterize crystallization of randomly packed HS systems. It is shown that an
increase in the packing fraction of the crystallized HS system first results in
the transformation of the individual crystalline clusters into the global
three-dimensional crystalline structure, which, upon further densification,
transforms into alternating planar layers formed by different lattice types.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Instantaneous shear modulus of Yukawa fluids across coupling regimes
The high frequency (instantaneous) shear modulus of three-dimensional Yukawa systems is evaluated in a wide parameter range from the very weakly coupled gaseous state to the strongly coupled fluid at the crystallization point (Yukwa melt). This allows us to quantify how shear rigidity develops with increasing coupling and inter-particle correlations. The radial distribution functions (RDFs) needed to calculate the excess shear modulus have been obtained from extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD results demonstrate that fluid RDFs appear quasi-universal on the curves parallel to the melting line of a Yukawa solid in accordance with the isomorph theory of Roskilde-simple systems. This quasi-universality allows us to simplify considerably calculations of quantities involving integrals of the RDF (elastic moduli represent just one relevant example). The calculated reduced shear modulus grows linearly with the coupling parameter at weak coupling and approaches a quasi-constant asymptote at strong coupling. The asymptotic value at strong coupling is in reasonably good agreement with the existing theoretical approximation. © 2020 Author(s).The work leading to this publication was partly supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) with funds from the German Aerospace Center (DLR). We would like to thank Hubertus Thomas for reading the manuscript
Freezing and melting of 3D complex plasma structures under microgravity conditions driven by neutral gas pressure manipulation
Freezing and melting of large three-dimensional complex plasmas under
microgravity conditions is investigated. The neutral gas pressure is used as a
control parameter to trigger the phase changes: Complex plasma freezes (melts)
by decreasing (increasing) the pressure. Evolution of complex plasma structural
properties upon pressure variation is studied. Theoretical estimates allow us
to identify main factors responsible for the observed behavior.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. (in press); 4 pages, 4 figure
Fluid-solid phase transitions in 3D complex plasmas under microgravity conditions
Phase behavior of large three-dimensional complex plasma systems under
microgravity conditions onboard the International Space Station is
investigated. The neutral gas pressure is used as a control parameter to
trigger phase changes. Detailed analysis of structural properties and
evaluation of three different melting/freezing indicators reveal that complex
plasmas can exhibit melting by increasing the gas pressure. Theoretical
estimates of complex plasma parameters allow us to identify main factors
responsible for the observed behavior. The location of phase states of the
investigated systems on a relevant equilibrium phase diagram is estimated.
Important differences between the melting process of 3D complex plasmas under
microgravity conditions and that of flat 2D complex plasma crystals in ground
based experiments are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.
Scale-free vortex cascade emerging from random forcing in a strongly coupled system
The notions of self-organised criticality (SOC) and turbulence are
traditionally considered to be applicable to disjoint classes of phenomena.
Nevertheless, scale-free burst statistics is a feature shared by turbulent as
well as self-organised critical dynamics. It has also been suggested that
another shared feature is universal non-gaussian probability density functions
(PDFs) of global fluctuations. Here, we elucidate the unifying aspects through
analysis of data from a laboratory dusty plasma monolayer. We compare analysis
of experimental data with simulations of a two-dimensional (2D) many-body
system, of 2D fluid turbulence, and a 2D SOC model, all subject to random
forcing at small scales. The scale-free vortex cascade is apparent from
structure functions as well as spatio-temporal avalanche analysis, the latter
giving similar results for the experimental and all model systems studied. The
experiment exhibits global fluctuation statistics consistent with a
non-gaussian universal PDF, but the model systems yield this result only in a
restricted range of forcing conditions
Effect of fortification of fresh cow milk with coconut milk on the proximate composition and yield of warankashi, a traditional cheese
Cheese is a concentrated dairy product produced by acid or rennet coagulation or curdling of milk, stirring and heating the curd, draining off the whey, collecting and pressing the curd. The effect of partial substitution of fresh cow milk with coconut milk on the yield and proximate composition of cheese was examined. Extracted coconut milk was mixed with fresh raw cow milk at varying proportions of 5%: 95%, 10%: 90%, 15%: 85%, 20%: 80%, 25%:75%, 70%: 30% and the control (0%:100%) to produce cheese. The control and the partially substituted cheeses were stored in a refrigerator and examined for sensory quality, percentage yield, total titrable acidity, and proximate analysis. The yield of cheese showed significant (p< 0.05) decrease from 26.71% (control sample) to 13.55% as the level of coconut milk increased. The total titrable acidity of cheese was found to be between the ranges of 0.20% - 0.29% which displayed a significant increase from 0.20% - 0.29%. The protein content of the cow-coconut cheese blends showed a significant difference (p<0.05) and an increase of 14.05%-15.33% (at 5%-30% substitution of coconut milk), with the control sample having 13.75%. There was also an increase in fat content from 9.20% - 9.64% (5% - 30% substitution of coconut milk, with the control sample having 8.94%. There was a decrease in the carbohydrate content of the cheese blends which ranged between 8.23% -2.82%, with the control sample having 9.60%. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the ash content of the cow-coconut cheese blends, with the control sample having 1.02%. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the colour, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability as influenced by varying proportions of added coconut milk. The blend with 5% coconut milk and 95% cow milk was most acceptable by panellists. The work showed the potential of coconut as an alternative source of milk in cheese making with improved nutritional value and consumer acceptability
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