Zur Eutergesundheit in der Trockenperiode in ökologisch wirtschaftenden Milchviehbetrieben

As a part of the study „Health and performance of dairy cows in organic farming from an interdisciplinary point of view – an (intervention-) study on metabolic disorders and mastitis with regard to forage production, feeding management and husbandry practices” quarter milk samples from cows at dry off and after calving were taken by farmers in 86 dairy farms in Germany between January and July 2008. The objective of this study was to evaluate mastitis prevalence at dry off and at calving and the evaluation of different therapeutic regimes at dry off. 681 cows from 86 dairy farms were examined. Mastitis prevalence at dry off was comparable to conventional farms. At calving organic farms have high mastitis prevalence due to a low cure rate and a high new infection rate in the dry period. The non-use of dry cow antibiotics or teat sealers result in significantly lower cure rates on quarter level (29.4% vs. 37.4%) and higher new infection rates (34.1% vs. 39.5%). The results show, that dry period is a high-risk period for udder health in organic dairy farms. Improvements of the hygienic conditions, the immune defence and the therapeutic regimes offer high potentials for improvement of udder health

Prophylactic inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase delays onset of nephritis and ameliorates kidney damage in NZB/W F1 mice

Epoxy-fatty-acids (EpFAs), cytochrome P450 dependent arachidonic acid derivatives, have been suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties, though their effects on autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have yet to be investigated. We assessed the influence of EpFAs and their metabolites in lupus prone NZB/W F1 mice by pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH, EPHX2). The sEH inhibitor 1770 was administered to lupus prone NZB/W F1 mice in a prophylactic and a therapeutic setting. Prophylactic inhibition of sEH significantly improved survival and reduced proteinuria. By contrast, sEH inhibitor-treated nephritic mice had no survival benefit; however, histological changes were reduced when compared to controls. In humans, urinary EpFA levels were significantly different in 47 SLE patients when compared to 10 healthy controls. Gene expression of EPHX2 was significantly reduced in the kidneys of both NZB/W F1 mice and lupus nephritis (LN) patients. Correlation of EpFAs with SLE disease activity and reduced renal EPHX gene expression in LN suggest roles for these components in human disease

Att skapa en mix-template (mixningsmall) : en processbeskrivning av att skapa en mix-template som används för musikproduktion

Syftet med denna forskning är att utöka mitt eget kunnande kring skapandet av en mix-template. Detta gör jag genom att skapa min version av en mix-template i inspelningsprogrammet Cubase samt pröva resultatet i praktiken. Målet är att ha en mix-template som gör mixningsjobbet lättare och snabbare att utföra. Denna process har lett till att jag har utvecklats som mixare samt att mitt arbetssätt har förbättrats. Jag hoppas med detta arbete hjälpa andra som är intresserade av att skapa en mix-template samt klargöra processen i fråga. Frågeställningar till detta projekt är: • Hur skapar man en mix-template? • Hur använder man en mix-template i praktiken?The goal with this study is to increase my knowledge around making my own mix-template. I do this by creating my version of a mix-template in the recording software Cubase and by evaluating the results in practice. The goal is to have a mix-template that makes mixing easier and quicker to execute. This process has resulted in me developing further as a mixer and my workflow has improved. I hope this study will help others who are interested in creating a mix-template and to clarify the process behind this. Questions I am asking are: • How do you create a mix-template? • How do you use a mix-template in practice

Development of a flow-fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol for the analysis of microbial communities in anaerobic fermentation liquor

Background: The production of bio-methane from renewable raw material is of high interest because of the increasing scarcity of fossil fuels. The process of biomethanation is based on the inter- and intraspecific metabolic activity of a highly diverse and dynamic microbial community. The community structure of the microbial biocenosis varies between different biogas reactors and the knowledge about these microbial communities is still fragmentary. However, up to now no approaches are available allowing a fast and reliable access to the microbial community structure. Hence, the aim of this study was to originate a Flow-FISH protocol, namely a combination of flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, for the analysis of the metabolically active microorganisms in biogas reactor samples. With respect to the heterogenic texture of biogas reactor samples and to collect all cells including those of cell aggregates and biofilms the development of a preceding purification procedure was indispensable. Results: Six different purification procedures with in total 29 modifications were tested. The optimized purification procedure combines the use of the detergent sodium hexametaphosphate with ultrasonic treatment and a final filtration step. By this treatment, the detachment of microbial cells from particles as well as the disbandment of cell aggregates was obtained at minimized cell loss. A Flow-FISH protocol was developed avoiding dehydration and minimizing centrifugation steps. In the exemplary application of this protocol on pure cultures as well as biogas reactor samples high hybridization rates were achieved for commonly established domain specific oligonucleotide probes enabling the specific detection of metabolically active bacteria and archaea. Cross hybridization and autofluorescence effects could be excluded by the use of a nonsense probe and negative controls, respectively. Conclusions: The approach described in this study enables for the first time the analysis of the metabolically active fraction of the microbial communities within biogas reactors by Flow-FISH

Proximity-induced spin ordering at the interface between a ferromagnetic metal and a magnetic semiconductor

14 páginas, 5 figuras.-- PACS number8s): 73.40.Sx, 75.70.-iWe carry on a theoretical investigation of the conditions for the appearance and/or modification of spin ordering in a dilute magnetic semiconductor that is in contact with a ferromagnetic metal. We show that the magnetic proximity effect has a rather complex physical nature in this system. Allowing for the hybridization between the ferromagnetic metal and semiconductor electron states, we calculate the spin polarization and spin susceptibility of carriers in the semiconductor layer near the contact. The peculiar mechanism of indirect exchange coupling that occurs between local spins dissolved in the semiconductor host when a dilute magnetic semiconductor is in contact with a ferromagnetic metal is analyzed. The structure of the proximity-induced ordering of local moments in a dilute magnetic semiconductor is qualitatively described within a mean-field approach. On the basis of our results, we interpret the experimental data on Fe/(Ga,Mn)As and Py/(Ga,Mn)As layered structures.The work was partially supported by the University of the Basque Country [Proyecto GV-UPV/EHU under Grant No. IT-366-07), Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Grant No. FIS2007-66711-C02-01)] , and by RFBR (Grant No. 10-02-00118). S.C. also acknowledges financial support by PRIN 2007 under Project No. 2007FW3MJX003. V.V.T. acknowledges financial support by Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science).Peer reviewe

Entwicklung der Eutergesundheit im Zeitraum der Trockenperiode in ökologisch wirtschaftenden Milchviehbetrieben

As a part of the study „Health and performance of dairy cows in organic farming from an interdisciplinary point of view – an (intervention-) study on metabolic disorders and mastitis with regard to forage production, feeding management and husbandry practices” quarter milk samples from cows at dry off and after calving were taken by farmers in 101 dairy farms in Germany between January 2008 and April 2010. The objective of this study was to evaluate mastitis prevalence at dry off and at calving and the evaluation of different therapeutic regimes at dry off. 3460 cows from 101 dairy farms were examined. Mastitis prevalence at dry off was comparable to conventional farms. At calving organic farms have high mastitis prevalence due to a low cure rate and a high new infection rate in the dry period. The non-use of dry cow antibiotics or teat sealers result in significantly lower cure rates on quarter level (28.7% vs. 33,2%) and higher new infection rates (29.7% vs. 26.4%). The results show, that dry period is a high-risk period for udder health in organic dairy farms. Improvements of the hygienic conditions, the immune defence and the therapeutic regimes offer high potentials for improvement of udder health

Haltungshygiene und Eutergesundheit im ökologisch geführten Milchviehbetrieb

Im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Studie wurden in der der Zeit von Januar 2008 bis April 2010 Daten auf 106 Betreiben in Deutschland erhoben. In diesem Teilprojekt wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Hygeine und Eutergesundheit oim Rahmen einer ersten Asuwertung untersucht. Die Analyse macht deutlich, dass es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Halltungs- une Tierhygiene gibt. zudem gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Sauberkeit der Laufgänge und der subklinsichen Eutergesundheit sowie der Sauberkeit der Etuer und der Eutergesundheit der Färsen

Stoffwechselbelastungen zu Laktationsbeginn und ihr Einfluss auf die Eutergesundheit in ökologisch wirtschaftenden Milchviehbetrieben

As a part of the study „Health and performance of dairy cows in organic farming from an interdisciplinary point of view – an (intervention-) study on metabolic disorders and mastitis with regard to forage production, feeding management and husbandry practices” different udder health and metabolic parameters were determined in 106 dairy farms in Germany between January 2008 and April 2010. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare udder health and metabolic data in dry period and early lactation within the scope of a preliminary analysis. The analysis shows that relations exist between disturbances of the metabolism health and the udder health. Significant correlations between ketosis and hypocalcämia and udder health make clear that their control is vital for animal health management in organic dairy farms

Risiken und Chancen der Stoffwechsel- und Eutergesundheit im Zeitraum der Trockenperiode und der Frühlaktation in ökologisch wirtschaftenden Milchviehbetrieben

As a part of the study 'Health and performance of dairy cows in organic farming from an interdisciplinary point of view 13 an (intervention-) study on metabolic disorders and mastitis with regard to forage production, feeding management and husbandry practices' different udder health and metabolic variables were determined in 106 dairy farms in Germany between January 2008 and April 2010. The objective of this study was to evaluate udder health risks and metabolic risks in dry period and early lactation. Udder health and metabolic situation were similar to conventional dairy farms. Identified risks for metabolic health and udder health lay in the feeding area (homogenous feeding without a huge variation in body condition in lactation and dry period) and in the dry period therapy

Urinary T Cells Identify Renal Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis and Predict Prognosis: A Proof of Concept Study

INTRODUCTION: Necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Because therapy relies on immunosuppressive agents with potentially severe adverse effects, a reliable noninvasive biomarker of disease activity is needed to guide treatment. METHODS: We used flow cytometry to quantify T cell subsets in blood and urine samples from 95 patients with AAV and 8 controls to evaluate their biomarker characteristics. These were compared to soluble markers, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble CD163 (sCD163), soluble CD25 (sCD25), and complement C5a (C5a), measured using multiplex analysis. Available kidney biopsies (n = 21) were classified according to Berden. RESULTS: Patients with active renal AAV (rAAV) showed significantly higher urinary cell counts than those in remission, or those with extrarenal manifestation, or healthy controls. Urinary T cells showed robust discrimination of disease activity with superior performance compared to MCP-1 and sCD163. Patients whose kidney biopsies had been classified as “crescentic” according to Berden classification showed higher urinary T cell counts. Discordant regulatory T cells (Treg) proportions and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in blood and urine suggested that urinary cells reflect tissue migration rather than mere micro-bleeding. Furthermore, urinary Treg and T helper cells (TH17) patterns were associated with clinical response and risk of renal relapse. CONCLUSION: Urinary T cells reflect the renal inflammatory milieu in AAV and provide further insights into the pathogenesis of this chronic condition. Their promising potential as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers deserves further exploitation