Formação da motivação para boa disposição do futuro especialista

The main theories of motivation have been divided into two directions: substantial theories that consider motivation from structural positions, and procedural theories that consider motivation as a dynamic formation. These areas are united by the understanding of motivation as secondary formation to the motive. In this study the concept of “readiness” for activity is considered as an active-effective state of the individual. In the structure of professional readiness of the individual, researchers identify different components, among which the most important is the motivational – attitude to the profession, the need to complete the task successfully and interest in the activity. Of the main goal of this study is considering psychological readiness as a complex functional, psychological and personal formation. As follows in this study, psychological study includes: a positive attitude to a particular type of activity; adequate to the requirements of the character and temperament; the necessary knowledge, skills, habits; stable professionally important features of cognitive and emotional-volitional processes. The study persues a model of formation of positive motivation through a professional activity of subjects of education in terms of reinforcement on the basis of the following principles: taking into account all kinds of needs of the individual; taking into account the real contribution of each employee to the final result.Las principales teorías de motivación se han dividido en dos direcciones: teorías sustanciales que consideran la motivación desde posiciones estructurales y teorías de procedimiento que consideran la motivación como una formación dinámica. Estas áreas están unidas por la comprensión de la motivación como formación secundaria al motivo. En este estudio, el concepto de “preparación” para la actividad se considera como un estado activo-efectivo del individuo. En la estructura de preparación profesional del individuo, los investigadores identifican diferentes componentes, entre los cuales el más importante es la actitud motivadora hacia la profesión, la necesidad de completar la tarea con éxito y el interés en la actividad. El objetivo principal de este estudio es considerar la preparación psicológica como una formación funcional, psicológica y personal compleja. Como se explica a continuación en este estudio, el estudio psicológico incluye: una actitud positiva hacia un tipo particular de actividad; Adecuado a los requerimientos del carácter y temperamento; Los conocimientos, habilidades, hábitos necesarios; Características estables profesionalmente importantes de los procesos cognitivos y emocional-volitivos. El estudio persigue un modelo de formación de motivación positiva a través de una actividad profesional de sujetos de educación en términos de refuerzo.As principais teorias da motivação foram divididas em duas direções: teorias substanciais que consideram a motivação a partir de posições estruturais e teorias processuais que consideram a motivação como uma formação dinâmica. Essas áreas estão ligadas pela compreensão da motivação como formação secundária ao motivo. Neste estudo, o conceito de "preparação" para a atividade é considerado como um estado ativo-efetivo do indivíduo. Na estrutura de preparação profissional do indivíduo, os pesquisadores identificam diferentes componentes, dentre os quais o mais importante é a atitude motivadora em relação à profissão, a necessidade de completar a tarefa com sucesso e o interesse pela atividade. O principal objetivo deste estudo é considerar a preparação psicológica como uma complexa formação funcional, psicológica e pessoal. Como explicado abaixo neste estudo, o estudo psicológico inclui: uma atitude positiva em relação a um tipo particular de atividade; Adequado às exigências de caráter e temperamento; O conhecimento, habilidades, hábitos necessários; Características profissionalmente importantes estáveis de processos cognitivos e emocionais volitivos. O estudo persegue um modelo de treinamento de motivação positiva através de uma atividade profissional de sujeitos de educação em termos de reforço

Magnetic Dirac semimetal state of (Mn,Ge)Bi2_2Te4_4

For quantum electronics, the possibility to finely tune the properties of magnetic topological insulators (TIs) is a key issue. We studied solid solutions between two isostructural Z$_2$ TIs, magnetic MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ and nonmagnetic GeBi$_2$Te$_4$, with Z$_2$ invariants of 1;000 and 1;001, respectively. For high-quality, large mixed crystals of Ge$_x$Mn$_{1-x}$Bi$_2$Te$_4$, we observed linear x-dependent magnetic properties, composition-independent pairwise exchange interactions along with an easy magnetization axis. The bulk band gap gradually decreases to zero for $x$ from 0 to 0.4, before reopening for $x>0.6$, evidencing topological phase transitions (TPTs) between topologically nontrivial phases and the semimetal state. The TPTs are driven purely by the variation of orbital contributions. By tracing the x-dependent $6p$ contribution to the states near the fundamental gap, the effective spin-orbit coupling variation is extracted. As $x$ varies, the maximum of this contribution switches from the valence to the conduction band, thereby driving two TPTs. The gapless state observed at $x=0.42$ closely resembles a Dirac semimetal above the Neel temperature and shows a magnetic gap below, which is clearly visible in raw photoemission data. The observed behavior of the Ge$_x$Mn$_{1-x}$Bi$_2$Te$_4$ system thereby demonstrates an ability to precisely control topological and magnetic properties of TIs

Nature of the Dirac gap modulation and surface magnetic interaction in axion antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4A

Modification of the gap at the Dirac point (DP) in axion antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 and its electronic and spin structure have been studied by angle- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) under laser excitation at various temperatures (9-35 K), light polarizations and photon energies. We have distinguished both large (60-70 meV) and reduced (< 20 meV) gaps at the DP in the ARPES dispersions, which remain open above the Neel temperature (T-N = 24.5 K). We propose that the gap above T-N remains open due to a short-range magnetic field generated by chiral spin fluctuations. Spin-resolved ARPES, XMCD and circular dichroism ARPES measurements show a surface ferromagnetic ordering for the "large gap" sample and apparently significantly reduced effective magnetic moment for the "reduced gap" sample. These observations can be explained by a shift of the Dirac cone (DC) state localization towards the second Mn layer due to structural disturbance and surface relaxation effects, where DC state is influenced by compensated opposite magnetic moments. As we have shown by means of ab-initio calculations surface structural modification can result in a significant modulation of the DP gap.The authors acknowledge support by the Saint Petersburg State University (Grant No. 51126254), Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 18-12-00062 in part of the photoemission measurements and Grant No. 18-12-00169 in part of the electronic band structure calculations) and by Russian Foundation of Basic Researches (Grants Nos. 18-52-06009 and 20-32-70179) and Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Grant No. EI F-BGM-4-RFTF1/2017-21/04/1-M-02). A. Kimura was financially supported by KAKENHI (Grants No. 17H06138, No. 17H06152, and No. 18H03683). S.V.E. and E.V.C. acknowledge support by the Fundamental Research Program of the State Academies of Sciences (line of research III.23.2.9). The authors kindly acknowledge the HiSOR staff and A. Harasawa at ISSP for technical support and help with the experiment. The ARPES measurements at HiSOR were performed with the approval of the Proposal Assessing Committee (Proposal Numbers: 18BG027 and 19AG048). XAS and XMCD measurements were performed at BL23SU of SPring-8 (Proposal Nos. 2018A3842 and 2018B3842) under the Shared Use Program of JAEA Facilities (Proposal Nos. 2018A-E25 and 2018B-E24) with the approval of Nanotechnology Platform project supported by MEXT, Japan (Proposal Nos. A-18-AE-0020 and A-18-AE-0042). M. M. Otrokov acknowledges the support by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Grant no. PID2019-103910GB-I00). K. Yaji was financially supported by KAKENHI (Grants No. 18K03484)

Nature of the Dirac gap modulation and surface magnetic interaction in axion antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2_2Te4_4

Modification of the gap at the Dirac point (DP) in antiferromagnetic (AFM) axion topological insulator MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ and its electronic and spin structure has been studied by angle- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) under laser excitation with variation of temperature (9-35~K), light polarization and photon energy. We have distinguished both a large (62-67~meV) and a reduced (15-18~meV) gap at the DP in the ARPES dispersions, which remains open above the N\'eel temperature ($T_\mathrm{N}=24.5$~K). We propose that the gap above $T_\mathrm{N}$ remains open due to short-range magnetic field generated by chiral spin fluctuations. Spin-resolved ARPES, XMCD and circular dichroism ARPES measurements show a surface ferromagnetic ordering for large-gap sample and significantly reduced effective magnetic moment for the reduced-gap sample. These effects can be associated with a shift of the topological DC state towards the second Mn layer due to structural defects and mechanical disturbance, where it is influenced by a compensated effect of opposite magnetic moments

Native point defects and their implications for the Dirac point gap at MnBi2Te4(0001)

We study the surface crystalline and electronic structures of the antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), micro(μ)-laser angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and density functional theory calculations. Our STM images reveal native point defects at the surface that we identify as BiTe antisites and MnBi substitutions. Bulk X-ray diffraction further evidences the presence of the Mn-Bi intermixing. Overall, our characterizations suggest that the defects concentration is nonuniform within crystals and differs from sample to sample. Consistently, the ARPES and STS experiments reveal that the Dirac point gap of the topological surface state is different for different samples and sample cleavages, respectively. Our calculations show that the antiparallel alignment of the MnBi moments with respect to those of the Mn layer can indeed cause a strong reduction of the Dirac point gap size. The present study provides important insights into a highly debated issue of the MnBi2Te4 Dirac point gap.We acknowledge support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Grant no. PID2019-103910GB-I00, PGC2018–093291–B–I00, PGC2018-097028–A–I00, and PGC2018-098613–B–C21) and Saint Petersburg State University (project ID No. 73028629). IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the “Severo Ochoa” Program for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant SEV-2016-0686). M.G. has received financial support through the Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship Program from “la Caixa” Banking Foundation. Z.S.A. and N.T.M. acknowledge the support of the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Grant No. EIF-BGM-4-RFTF-1/2017-21/04/1-M-02). I.I.K., D.E., and A.M.S. acknowledge the support from the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 18-12-00062) and the Russian Foundation of Basic Researches (Grant No. 20-32-70179).Peer reviewe