Financing of Business Activities

Predmetom bakalárskej práce „Financování podnikatelských aktivít“ je analýza možností a kritérií výberu najefektívnejšej formy financovania činnosti podniku. V teoretickej časti som sa zamerala na vymedzenie jednotlivých foriem financovania podnikateľských aktivít. V praktickej časti navrhujem spôsob financovania pre podnik Omniplast s.r.o..The goal of this thesis „Financing of business activities“ is an analysis of the possibilities and criterions of the form of financing selection . In the theoretical part I concentrate on defining individual form of financing of business activities. In the practical part I propose a form of financing for the company Omniplast s.r.o..

Перспективы применения двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии в диагностике мочекаменной болезни и определении химического состава мочевых камней (обзор литературы)

Nephrolithiasis is a pandemic distributed disease that affects 4-20% of the population worldwide and is characterized by a high recurrence rate. Currently computed tomography without contrast remains the gold standard for diagnosis of urolithiasis because of its high accuracy to detect stones, their location and size. However, the modality has limited effectiveness in determination of urinary calculi chemical composition. Recently introduced imaging modality dual-energy computed tomography based on acquiring images at two different energy levels has showed high effectiveness in determination of urinary calculi composition. The review is focused on dual energy computed tomography principles and methods performed on different scanners. Recently published data on the application of this imaging modality in the diagnostic of urinary stone disease for calculi composition determination are analysed. The pitfalls of the method are reviewed. Future perspectives of this technique in urinary stone disease diagnosing will be discussed.Мочекаменная болезнь – пандемически распространенное заболевание, встречающееся у 4–20% мирового населения и характеризующееся высоким уровнем рецидивов. К настоящему моменту “золотым стандартом” диагностики уролитиаза является бесконтрастная компьютерная томография, имеющая высокую эффективность в диагностики наличия, локализации и размера камней, однако обладающую меньшей эффективностью в определении фенотипических характеристик уролитов. Активно развивающийся в последнее время метод двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии, заключающийся в проведении сканирования на двух энергетических уровнях, уже показал высокую эффективность в диагностике состава уролитов. В обзоре рассматриваются основы метода и техники его проведения на различных томографах, приводится анализ имеющихся литературных данных о применении двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии в диагностике мочекаменной болезни для оценки химического состава уролитов. Также приводятся ограничения метода и возможные ошибки, возникающие при проведении двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии. С учетом проанализированных данных оценивается перспективность внедрения метода в диагностику уролитиаза

The sarcopenia and physical frailty in older people: multi-component treatment strategies (SPRINTT) project: description and feasibility of a nutrition intervention in community-dwelling older Europeans.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadBackground: The "Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty in Older People: Multicomponent Treatment Strategies" (SPRINTT) project sponsored a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the objective to determine the effect of physical activity and nutrition intervention for prevention of mobility disability in community-dwelling frail older Europeans. We describe here the design and feasibility of the SPRINTT nutrition intervention, including techniques used by nutrition interventionists to identify those at risk of malnutrition and to carry out the nutrition intervention. Methods: SPRINTT RCT recruited older adults (≥ 70 years) from 11 European countries. Eligible participants (n = 1517) had functional limitations measured with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB score 3-9) and low muscle mass as determined by DXA scans, but were able to walk 400 m without assistance within 15 min. Participants were followed up for up to 3 years. The nutrition intervention was carried out mainly by individual nutrition counseling. Nutrition goals included achieving a daily protein intake of 1.0-1.2 g/kg body weight, energy intake of 25-30 kcal/kg of body weight/day, and serum vitamin D concentration ≥ 75 mmol/L. Survey on the method strategies and feasibility of the nutrition intervention was sent to all nutrition interventionists of the 16 SPRINTT study sites. Results: Nutrition interventionists from all study sites responded to the survey. All responders found that the SPRINTT nutrition intervention was feasible for the target population, and it was well received by the majority. The identification of participants at nutritional risk was accomplished by combining information from interviews, questionnaires, clinical and laboratory data. Although the nutrition intervention was mainly carried out using individual nutritional counselling, other assisting methods were used as appropriate. Conclusion: The SPRINTT nutrition intervention was feasible and able to adapt flexibly to varying needs of this heterogeneous population. The procedures adopted to identify older adults at risk of malnutrition and to design the appropriate intervention may serve as a model to deliver nutrition intervention for community-dwelling older people with mobility limitations. Keywords: Energy intake; Nutrition counselling; Nutrition intervention; Protein intake; SPRINTT.University of Helsinki including Helsinki University Central Hospital Innovative Medicine Initiative (IMI) Juho Vainio foundatio

Effects of nitrate on the treatment of lead contaminated groundwater by nanoscale zerovalent iron

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is efficient for removing Pb(2+) and nitrate from water. However, the influence of nitrate, a common groundwater anion, on Pb(2+) removal by nZVI is not well understood. In this study, we showed that under excess Fe(0) conditions (molar ratio of Fe(0)/nitrate>4), Pb(2+) ions were immobilized more quickly (<5 min) than in nitrate-free systems (∼ 15 min) due to increasing pH. With nitrate in excess (molar ratio of Fe(0)/nitrate<4), nitrate stimulated the formation of crystal PbxFe3-xO4 (ferrite), which provided additional Pb(2+) removal. However, ∼ 7% of immobilized Pb(2+) ions were released into aqueous phase within 2h due to ferrite deformation. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values below -600 mV correlated with excess Fe(0) conditions (complete Pb(2+) immobilization), while ORP values ≥-475 mV characterized excess nitrate conditions (ferrite process and Pb(2+) release occurrence). This study indicates that ORP monitoring is important for proper management of nZVI-based remediation in the subsurface to avoid lead remobilization in the presence of nitrate

Simultaneous removal of cadmium and nitrate in aqueous media by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) and Au doped nZVI particles

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has demonstrated high efficacy for treating nitrate or cadmium (Cd) contamination, but its efficiency for simultaneous removal of nitrate and Cd has not been investigated. This study evaluated the reactivity of nZVI to the co-contaminants and by-product formation, employed different catalysts to reduce nitrite yield from nitrate, and examined the transformation of nZVI after reaction. Nitrate reduction resulted in high solution pH, negatively charged surface of nZVI, formation of Fe3O4 (a stable transformation of nZVI), and no release of ionic iron. Increased pH and negative charge contributed to significant increase in Cd(II) removal capacity (from 40 mg/g to 188 mg/g) with nitrate present. In addition, nitrate reduction by nZVI could be catalyzed by Cd(II): while 30% of nitrate was reduced by nZVI within 2 h in the absence of Cd(II), complete nitrate reduction was observed in the presence of 40 mg-Cd/L due to the formation of Cd islands (Cd(0) and CdO) on the nZVI particles. While nitrate was reduced mostly to ammonium when Cd(II) was not present or at Cd(II) concentrations ≥ 40 mg/L, up to 20% of the initial nitrate was reduced to nitrite at Cd(II) concentrations < 40 mg/L. Among nZVI particles doped with 1 wt. % Cu, Ag, or Au, nZVI deposited with 1 wt. % Au reduced nitrite yield to less than 3% of the initial nitrate, while maintaining a high Cd(II) removal capacity