Visual display including linked bubbles

A visual display including a container, liquidous fluid within the container, a source of gaseous fluid communicating with the liquidous fluid, and at least one binary bubble formed within the liquidous fluid in response to gaseous fluid entering the liquidous fluid. The liquidous fluid is preferably a polymer in water solution or a polymer in mineral oil or silicon oil solution. The binary bubble has two bulbous portions in fluid communication with each other through a neck. The binary bubbles may link together in a chain extending from the bottom of the container to the top of the liquidous fluid. In other constructions, the binary bubbles float up through the liquidous fluid and collapse into a large individual bubble. The display may also include a light emitting source and a filter for selectively changing the color of light emitted into the container.https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/patents/1047/thumbnail.jp

Extensive Chaos in the Nikolaevskii Model

We carry out a systematic study of a novel type of chaos at onset ("soft-mode turbulence") based on numerical integration of the simplest one dimensional model. The chaos is characterized by a smooth interplay of different spatial scales, with defect generation being unimportant. The Lyapunov exponents are calculated for several system sizes for fixed values of the control parameter $\epsilon$. The Lyapunov dimension and the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy are calculated and both shown to exhibit extensive and microextensive scaling. The distribution functional is shown to satisfy Gaussian statistics at small wavenumbers and small frequency.Comment: 4 pages (including 5 figures) LaTeX file. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Continuation for thin film hydrodynamics and related scalar problems

This chapter illustrates how to apply continuation techniques in the analysis of a particular class of nonlinear kinetic equations that describe the time evolution through transport equations for a single scalar field like a densities or interface profiles of various types. We first systematically introduce these equations as gradient dynamics combining mass-conserving and nonmass-conserving fluxes followed by a discussion of nonvariational amendmends and a brief introduction to their analysis by numerical continuation. The approach is first applied to a number of common examples of variational equations, namely, Allen-Cahn- and Cahn-Hilliard-type equations including certain thin-film equations for partially wetting liquids on homogeneous and heterogeneous substrates as well as Swift-Hohenberg and Phase-Field-Crystal equations. Second we consider nonvariational examples as the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, convective Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard equations and thin-film equations describing stationary sliding drops and a transversal front instability in a dip-coating. Through the different examples we illustrate how to employ the numerical tools provided by the packages auto07p and pde2path to determine steady, stationary and time-periodic solutions in one and two dimensions and the resulting bifurcation diagrams. The incorporation of boundary conditions and integral side conditions is also discussed as well as problem-specific implementation issues

Influence of Non-Newtonian rheology on magma degassing

Many volcanoes exhibit temporal changes in their degassing process, from rapid gas puffing to lava fountaining and long-lasting quiescent passive degassing periods. This range of behaviors has been explained in terms of changes in gas flux and/or magma input rate. We report here a simple laboratory experiment which shows that the non- Newtonian rheology of magma can be responsible, alone, for such intriguing behavior, even in a stationary gas flux regime. We inject a constant gas flow-rate Q at the bottom of a non-Newtonian fluid column, and demonstrate the existence of a critical flow rate Q* above which the system spontaneously alternates between a bubbling and a channeling regime, where a gas channel crosses the entire fluid column. The threshold Q* depends on the fluid rheological properties which are controlled, in particular, by the gas volume fraction (or void fraction) {\phi}. When {\phi} increases, Q* decreases and the degassing regime changes. Non-Newtonian properties of magma might therefore play a crucial role in volcanic eruption dynamics.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Traveling waves for a model of gravity-driven film flows in cylindrical domains

Traveling wave solutions are studied for a recently-derived model of a falling viscous film on the interior of a vertical rigid tube. By identifying a Hopf bifurcation and using numerical continuation software, families of non-trivial traveling wave solutions may be traced out in parameter space. These families all contain a single solution at a ‘turnaround point’ with larger film thickness than all others in the family. In an earlier paper, it was conjectured that this turnaround point may represent a critical thickness separating two distinct flow regimes observed in physical experiments as well as two distinct types of behavior in transient solutions to the model. Here, these hypotheses are verified over a range of parameter values using a combination of numerical and analytical techniques. The linear stability of these solutions is also discussed; both large- and small-amplitude solutions are shown to be unstable, though the instability mechanisms are different for each wave type. Specifically, for small-amplitude waves, the region of relatively flat film away from the localized wave crest is subject to the same instability that makes the trivial flat-film solution unstable; for large-amplitude waves, this mechanism is present but dwarfed by a much stronger tendency to relax to a regime close to that followed by small-amplitude waves

Measurement of the Neutron Radius of 208Pb Through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_PV in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb. A_PV is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (Rn). The result A_PV = 0.656 \pm 0.060 (stat) \pm 0.014 (syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions Rn - Rp = 0.33 +0.16 -0.18 fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin which is expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

Molecular classification of selective oestrogen receptor modulators on the basis of gene expression profiles of breast cancer cells expressing oestrogen receptor α

The purpose of this study was to classify selective oestrogen receptor modulators based on gene expression profiles produced in breast cancer cells expressing either wtERα or mutant351ERα. In total, 54 microarray experiments were carried out by using a commercially available Atlas cDNA Expression Arrays (Clontech), containing 588 cancer-related genes. Nine sets of data were generated for each cell line following 24 h of treatment: expression data were obtained for cells treated with vehicle EtOH (Control); with 10−9 or 10−8 M oestradiol; with 10−6 M 4-hydroxytamoxifen; with 10−6 M raloxifene; with 10−6 M idoxifene, with 10−6 M EM 652, with 10−6 M GW 7604; with 5×10−5 M resveratrol and with 10−6 M ICI 182,780. We developed a new algorithm ‘Expression Signatures’ to classify compounds on the basis of differential gene expression profiles. We created dendrograms for each cell line, in which branches represent relationships between compounds. Additionally, clustering analysis was performed using different subsets of genes to assess the robustness of the analysis. In general, only small differences between gene expression profiles treated with compounds were observed with correlation coefficients ranged from 0.83 to 0.98. This observation may be explained by the use of the same cell context for treatments with compounds that essentially belong to the same class of drugs with oestrogen receptors related mechanisms. The most surprising observation was that ICI 182,780 clustered together with oestrodiol and raloxifene for cells expressing wtERα and clustered together with EM 652 for cells expressing mutant351ERα. These data provide a rationale for a more precise and elaborate study in which custom made oligonucleotide arrays can be used with comprehensive sets of genes known to have consensus and putative oestrogen response elements in their promoter regions

Execution edge of pit traders and intraday price ranges of soft commodities

Intraday activity of open outcry pit traders and mechanics of price formation are important for short-term traders, money managers and regulatory bodies. In particular, congestions of stop-loss and limit orders, as well as subsequent highs/lows of the daily prices are among the most important features traders are interested in. We present a comparison of range-based and close-to-open volatility estimators for US-traded soft physical commodities. The comparison indicates that pit traders are able to identify the congestions of pre-placed stop orders, reach them and liquidate on them, or let the prices run. The comparison also suggests a substantial execution edge of soft commodities pit traders compared to currencies traders.

Modulations of Deep Water Waves and Spectral Filtering

Modulations of deep water waves are studied by a new formalism of spectral filtering. For single-mode dynamics, spectral filtering results in computable equations, which are counterpart to the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations. An essential feature of new equations is that bandwidth limitation is decoupled from small-amplitude assumption. The filtered equations have a substantially broader range of validity than the NLS equations, and may be viewed as intermediate between the NLS and Zakharov equations. The new single-mode equations reproduce exactly the conditions for nonlinear four-wave resonance ( figure 8 of Phillips [1]) even for bandwidths greater than unity. Sideband instability for uniform Stokes waves is limited to finite bandwidths only, and agrees well with exact results of McLean [2]