A systematic review of psychosocial explanations for the relationship between socioeconomic status and Body Mass Index

This work was supported by a grant of the Walloon Region (Belgium, FOOD4GUT, project #1318148).A negative association between socioeconomic status (SES) and levels of overweight/obesity is consistently found in high- and middle-income countries. Yet, there is little conclusive evidence about the mechanisms driving this association. In this systematic review, we discuss and compare the results of 22 studies that examine the role of psychosocial mediators in the association between lower SES and BMI in diverse population samples. These include factors related to resources and constraints in one’s external neighborhood, social resources, and psychological factors such as stress. The findings support theoretical models indicating that SES influences BMI partially through environmental and psychological factors. Importantly, SES remains a significant determinant of weight status, indicating the importance of also addressing structural antecedents in order to improve health among low-SES people. We thoroughly discuss the quality and limitations of current study designs and mediation testing and provide recommendations for future research.PostprintPeer reviewe

Publikumsinklusion beim "Freitag": Fallstudienbericht aus dem DFG-Projekt "Die (Wieder-)Entdeckung des Publikums"

Der Bericht stellt Ergebnisse einer Fallstudie beim Freitag und bei freitag.de vor, die im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts zur Rolle von Publikumsbeteiligung im professionellen, redaktionell organisierten Journalismus in Deutschland durchgeführt wurde. Auf Grundlage eines theoretisch-analytischen Modells, das Partizipation als Zusammenspiel von Inklusionsleistungen und Inklusionserwartungen auf Seiten des Journalismus und des Publikums versteht, werden Befunde aus qualitativen Interviews mit Redaktionsmitgliedern (n = 6) und Lesern bzw. Nutzern unterschiedlichen Aktivitätsgrads (n = 6) sowie aus standardisierten Befragungen von Redaktionsmitgliedern (n = 10) sowie von Nutzern von freitag.de (n = 344) vorgestellt. Auf journalistischer Seite kann so nachgezeichnet werden, dass für die vergleichsweise kleine Redaktion des Freitag Formen der Publikumsbeteiligung eine wichtige Rolle für das redaktionelle Selbstverständnis als "Debattenmedium" spielen und als Teil des "Markenkerns" betrachtet werden. Das Publikum wird vor allem als "Community" adressiert, die auf freitag.de eigene Nutzer-Blogs betreiben kann. Diese dienen regelmäßig als Ressource, aus der Beiträge zur Publikation auf der Website und z. T. auch in der Printausgabe ausgewählt werden. Deutlich wird, dass diese weitreichende Form der Publikumsbeteiligung auch auf gewisse publizistisch-ökonomische Zwänge zurückgeht: Die Beiträge aus dem Publikum werden gebraucht, allein um einen gewissen Angebotsumfang zu garantieren. Auf Publikumsseite lässt sich außerdem zeigen, dass der Freitag ein vergleichsweise aktives, durchaus auch kommentierfreudiges Publikum hat, das besonderen Wert auf Quellentransparenz und Möglichkeiten der Anschlusskommunikation (auch untereinander) legt und vom Freitag vor allem auch eine kritische und meinungsbetonte Haltung erwartet. Der Abgleich beider Seiten erlaubt es zudem, Aussagen über das Inklusionslevel und die Inklusionsdistanz zu treffen: Das Inklusionslevel ist insgesamt als hoch zu bezeichnen, da der Freitag neben den Standardelementen der Publikumsbeteiligung (wie Kommentarbereiche unter Online-Artikeln) mit einigem redaktionellen Aufwand eine Community pflegt. In diese bringt sich zwar nur eine Minderheit des Publikums aktiv und auch nur ein "harter Kern" regelmäßig in Form von selbstverfassten Beiträgen ein. Allerdings trägt zu einem ausgeglichenen Inklusionslevel bei, dass der hohe redaktionsseitige Aufwand (z. T.) dadurch aufgewogen erscheint, dass diese Inhalte regelmäßig und substanziell für die Erweiterung der Inhalte der Website gebraucht und ggf. auch im Printprodukt publiziert werden. Die Inklusionsdistanz fällt im Hinblick auf die unter diesem Konzept subsumierten Dimensionen uneinheitlich aus: Es liegt weitgehende Übereinstimmung zwischen der vom Publikum erwarteten und der redaktionsseitig angestrebten journalistischen Rolle vor: Zu den beidseitig als am wichtigsten eingeschätzten Aufgaben gehören diejenigen, welche einen kritisch-kontrollierenden (und politisch links stehenden) Journalismus charakterisieren. Allerdings wird Publikumsbeteiligung in ihrer Wichtigkeit für das Publikum von den befragten Redaktionsmitgliedern z. T. sehr deutlich überschätzt; demgegenüber unterschätzen sie stark die Bedeutung, die Quellentransparenz für ihr Publikum hat. Als deutlich wichtiger als die befragten Publikumsmitglieder schätzen sie auch Beteiligungsmotive von aktiven Nutzerinnen und Nutzern ein, die in Richtung "Austausch und Vernetzung innerhalb der Community" gehen. Diese scheinen jedoch vor allem für die besonders aktiven Nutzer relevant. Insgesamt wird deutlich: Das redaktionsseitig erklärte strategische Ziel "die Grenzen zwischen Redaktion und Community so weit wie möglich abzusenken" (DF_Leit §18) erscheint durch die weitreichenden Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten zwar prinzipiell erreicht, allerdings möchte nur ein (geringer) Teil der Nutzer diese Grenze auch überschreiten bzw. aufgehoben wissen

EPADIP-BPD study (Effectiveness of Priovi, A Digital self-management intervention, In Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder

In the EPADIP-BPD study, we conducted a randomized, parallel-group, single-blind clinical trial recruiting patients with a diagnosis of BPD according to DSM-criteria and at least moderate severity on the Borderline Symptom List-23 (BSL-23). All patients could use any form of usual care; those in the intervention group (IG) also received the unguided DTx priovi which is based on a BPD-specific treatment from the third wave of CBT, namely schema therapy. The control group (CG) received freely available BPD-specific self-help material. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (T0), three months (T1) and six months (T2). The primary outcome was the time x treatment interaction at T1 on the BSL-23. The trial was registered on the German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00028888

The mediating effect of difficulties in emotion regulation on the association between childhood maltreatment and borderline personality disorder

Background: Childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation are common in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Depressive Disorders (DD). Objective: This study examines differences between patients with BPD and patients with DD, regarding childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation as well as the mediating effect of different aspects of emotion regulation deficits on the association between childhood maltreatment and BPD-symptoms. Method: A total of 305 participants, 177 with BPD and 128 with DD completed an assessment including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Data was analyzed using multiple analyses of variances and mediation analyses. Results: Patients with BPD reported more childhood maltreatment and more difficulties in emotion regulation than patients with DD. When general symptom severity, age, and gender were included in the analysis as covariates only group differences regarding ‘impulse control difficulties’ (F(1,299) = 38.97, p < .001, ηp2 = .115), ‘limited access to emotion regulation strategies’ (F(1,299) = 4.66, p = .032, ηp2 = .015), and ‘lack of emotional clarity’ (F(1,299) = 9.38, p = .002, ηp2 = .030) remained statistically significant. A mediation analysis, including above-mentioned covariates, indicated an association between emotional abuse and BPD-symptoms, which was mediated by difficulties in emotion regulation (indirect effect B = .012, 95% CI [.001; .031], R2 = .429). Subscale analyses revealed ‘impulse control difficulties’ as the aspect of difficulties in emotion regulation that has the greatest impact on this association (B = .021, 95% CI [.003; .045]). Conclusions: Patients with BPD display more childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation than patients with DD. Difficulties in emotion regulation, especially difficulties in impulse control, seem to play an important role in the association between childhood emotional abuse and BPD-symptoms

Functional long-term outcome following endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Rogalewski A, Klein N, Friedrich A, et al. Functional long-term outcome following endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neurological Research and Practice. 2024;6(1): 2.**Abstract** Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the most effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). Yet, long-term outcome (LTO) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in these patients have rarely been addressed, as opposed to modified Rankin scale (mRS) recordings. We analysed demographic data, treatment and neuroimaging parameters in 694 consecutive stroke patients in a maximum care hospital. In 138 of these patients with respect on receipt of written informed consent, LTO and HRQoL were collected over a period of 48 months after EVT using a standardised telephone survey (median 2.1 years after EVT). Age  2 according to the telephone survey more often had complaints regarding mobility, self‐care, and usual activity domains of the HRQoL. Our results underline a sustainable positive effect of effective EVT on the quality of life in LVO stroke. Additionally, predictive parameters of outcome were identified, that may support clinical decision making in LVO stroke

Therapeutic Relationship in eHealth—A Pilot Study of Similarities and Differences between the Online Program Priovi and Therapists Treating Borderline Personality Disorder

eHealth programs have been found to be effective in treating many psychological conditions. Regarding Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), few programs have been tested; nevertheless, results are promising. The therapeutic alliance is an important factor predicting treatment outcome in BPD. However, we do not know yet to what extent BPD patients form a therapeutic alliance with an eHealth tool and how this relationship differs from the relationship with their human therapist. This study aims to address this question using priovi, an interactive schema therapy-based eHealth tool for BPD. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore how patients perceived the therapeutic alliance with priovi and its differences compared to the alliance with their human therapist (N = 9). Interview data were analyzed following the procedures of qualitative content analysis. Additionally, the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI-SR) was administered in two versions (regarding the human therapist and priovi, N = 16) every three months during the treatment phase of one year. Results indicate that patients were able to form a good therapeutic relationship with priovi, but it differed from the relationship to their human therapist. Important categories were &ldquo;priovi is helpful, supportive and always there&rdquo; and &ldquo;priovi is less flexible&rdquo;. WAI ratings for the task subscale were high in both relationships but significantly higher in WAItherapist compared to WAIpriovi in two measurements (nine-months measurement: t = 2.76, df = 15, p = 0.015; twelve-months measurement: t = 3.44, df = 15, p = 0.004). These results indicate that BPD patients can form a functioning alliance with an eHealth program and that eHealth programs may be especially useful for psychoeducation and cognitive exercises

PMMA/PMMA Core–Shell Particles with Ellipsoidal, Fluorescent Cores: Accessing Rotational Dynamics

For several decades, nonaqueous dispersions of PMMA particles have played an important role in colloid research. They have found application as colloidal model systems, which are used to probe glassy dynamics or to explore crystal nucleation. To date, most research has focused on spherical particles, in which only translational motion can be investigated. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in analyzing also rotational dynamics. In this contribution, we introduce a new class of core–shell particles, which can be used as rotational probes. The colloids described herein are composed of shape anisotropic, fluorescent cores covered with nonfluorescent PMMA shells. The core–shell particles are built up in four steps. In a first step, we produce fluorescent and photo-cross-linkable PMMA colloids. In the second step, these particles are thermomechanically elongated and fixed in defined ellipsoidal shapes by photo-cross-linking. Subsequently, we cover the cross-linked, fluorescent core with a nonfluorescent PMMA shell. The shape of the resulting core–shell colloids is tunable between the initial anisotropic and perfect spherical shape. For shaping, we apply a simple solvent swelling procedure. As one option, this method yields perfect PMMA spheres with ellipsoidal, fluorescent centers. We also report morphological particle characterization using various fluorescence microscopy techniques. Finally, we demonstrate that the rotational dynamics of individual colloids can be tracked and analyzed

Long-term functional outcome and quality of life 2.5 years after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke

Schäbitz M, Möller L, Friedrich A, et al. Long-term functional outcome and quality of life 2.5 years after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. Neurological Research and Practice. 2023;5(1): 62.**Background** Evaluation of outcome after stroke is largely based on assessment of gross function 3 months after stroke onset using scales such as mRS. Cognitive or social functions, level of symptom burden or emotional health are not usually assessed, nor are data available on long-term functional outcomes years after stroke. **Methods** Analysis of 1141 patients with AIS treated with IVT from two major German university hospitals between 2017 and 2020. Patient characteristics and short-term outcome were analysed from patient records. Long-term outcome of 228 patients with prior written informed consent was assessed via telephone survey using mRS and PROMs (EQ-5D-5L, EQ-VAS) 2.5 years after stroke. **Results** Predictors of excellent to good long-term outcome were younger age, event to door time ≤ 2 h, NIHSS ≤ 6 on admission and NIHSS ≤ 6 after IVT. Stroke recurrence was a negative predictor. Predictors of excellent quality of life at 2.5 years included age < 73 years, lower NIHSS after IVT, absence of hypertension. Quality of life was rated in all dimensions with a medium score of 1 and a medium EQ-VAS of 70, representing the good general health status of this stroke population. **Conclusion** Main predictors of an excellent to good long-term outcome and excellent QoL 2.5 years after stroke are younger age, lower NIHSS, and event to door time ≤ 2 h. Research on long-term outcome after disease and treatment is of utmost importance, as it has the ability to reveal the patient true functional outcome and quality of life and to provide information on the status of independence and self-esteem