Early growth, survival and litter size in Ethiopian Horro sheep

(South African J of Animal Science: 2000, 30, Supplement 1: 1-3

The Kuznets Curve and the Inequality Process

Four economists, Mauro Gallegati, Steven Keen, Thomas Lux, and Paul Ormerod, published a paper after the 2005 Econophysics Colloquium criticizing conservative particle systems as models of income and wealth distribution. Their critique made science news: coverage in a feature article in Nature. A particle system model of income distribution is a hypothesized universal statistical law of income distribution. Gallegati et al. (2006) claim that the Kuznets Curve shows that a universal statistical law of income distribution is unlikely and that a conservative particle system is inadequate to account for income distribution dynamics. The Kuznets Curve is the graph of income inequality (ordinate variable) against the movement of workers from rural subsistence agriculture into more modern sectors of the economy (abscissa). The Gini concentration ratio is the preferred measure of income inequality in economics. The Kuznets Curve has an initial uptick from the Gini concentration ratio of the earned income of a poorly educated agrarian labor force. Then the curve falls in near linear fashion toward the Gini concentration ratio of the earned incomes of a modern, educated labor force as the modern labor force grows. The Kuznets Curve is concave down and skewed to the right. This paper shows that the iconic Kuznets Curve can be derived from the Inequality Process (IP), a conservative particle system, presenting a counter-example to Gallegati et al.’s claim. The IP reproduces the Kuznets Curve as the Gini ratio of a mixture of two IP stationary distributions, one characteristic of the wage income distribution of poorly educated workers in rural areas, the other of workers with an education adequate for industrial work, as the mixing weight of the latter increases and that of the former decreases. The greater purchasing power of money in rural areas is taken into account.conservative particle system; gamma probability density function; Gini concentration ratio; income distribution; Inequality Process; Kuznets Curve; purchasing power

Taste panel quality evaluation of 'Hayward' kiwifruit of different origins

In Portugal, the regions of Entre-Douro e Minho and Beira Litoral have exceptional conditions for the production of good quality kiwifruit. However, demand exceeds local supply resulting in importation of kiwifruit from Italy, Chile and New Zealand. Taste panels were run in December, May and June to study the preferences of Portuguese consumers for 'Hayward' kiwifruit. In December, a comparison was made between kiwifruit from Portugal and Italy, in May between kiwifruit from Portugal and Chile and in June between kiwifruit from Portugal, Chile and New Zealand. Attributes assessed by panellists were: appearance, texture, flavour, sweetness and acidity. The same samples were analyzed for: weight, equatorial and longitudinal diameter, firmness, soluble solids (as measured by refractometer) and titratable acidity. In May, panellists preferred Portuguese kiwifruit, but in December and June the preference was not so clear. In December, Portuguese kiwifruit were not at the eating ripe stage and in June they were at the end of their storage life (bad appearance but better flavour, sweetness and texture)

Children\u27s Attitudes Toward Play: An Investigation of Their Context Specificity and Relationship to Organized Sport Experiences

Beginning with the work of Webb (1969), a line of research has developed attempting to explain how the socialization experiences of children and adolescents help transform their attitudes toward play. In Webb\u27s view, the transformation to a state of being professionalized has occurred when an emphasis on equity and fairness, which are pronounced at earlier stages of development, has been replaced by a focus on winning. The body of research that hasdeveloped from this original formulation has consistently identified age and gender differences (Loy , Birrell, & Rose, 1976; Maloney & Petrie, 1972; Mantel & VanderVelden, 1971) in play attitudes, with males being more highly professionalized than females, and adolescents and young adults more professionalized than preadolescents

Proverbes : transparence et opacité

Notre contribution a pour objectif d’examiner la question de la transparence des proverbes, tout particulièrement celle des proverbes métaphoriques. Dans une première partie, nous exposerons en quoi consiste exactement la transparence sémantique assignée aux proverbes métaphoriques ; dans la seconde, après avoir rappelé notre approche hiérarchique des proverbes, nous montrerons comment le statut superordonné des proverbes a comme corollaire le maintien de la transparence du sens littéral ou compositionnel. Chemin faisant, se confirmera la justesse d’un traitement des proverbes comme une catégorie sémantique en soi.Our contribution examines the question of the transparency of proverbs, particularly metaphorical proverbs. In a first part, we will present what exactly the semantic transparency of metaphorical proverbs consists in; in the second, after recalling our hierarchical approach to proverbs, we will demonstrate how the superordinate status of proverbs helps to preserve the transparency of the literal or compositional meaning. This sets the stage to confirm the treatment of proverbs as a semantic category in itself as the right approach