Social wasp guild (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) visiting flowers in two of the phytophysiognomic formations: Riparian Forest and campos rupestres

Social wasps are part of the floral visitor guild. In this study we investigated the distribution of flower-visiting wasp species in two phytophysiognomies in the State Park of Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We inspected flowering plants with visiting wasps along a 1 km transect in riparian forest and another 1 km transect in campos rupestres over the course of one year, for a total sampling effort of 240 hours. We found a total of 103 individuals with 15 species distributed among 7 genera, the most common belonging to the Erythroxylaceae (n = 10) and Asteraceae (n = 10) families. Asteraceae had the highest abundance (N = 55). The diversity and evenness of these insects was higher in riparian forest (H '= 0.78 and J' = 0.75) than in campos rupestres (H '= 0.30, J' = 0.39). All species visited flowers of 19 plant species in riparian forest, and eight wasp species visited 11 plant species in campos rupestres. These Polistinae acted as regular floral visitors, thus, conservation programs in these areas may be relevant for the maintenance of social wasp diversity

ATLETISMO NA ESCOLA É POSSÍVEL! EXPERIÊNCIA DO ENSINO DO ATLETISMO EM AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA

The present research proposes to find out the presence of athletics as content in Physical Education classes, inside a public school located in Cáceres/MT. The study is based on a qualitative understanding, of a exploratory nature. The study used two methodological tools: a structured questionnaire and records contained in a field diary. Based on the results, it was noticed that the participants perception regarding the content of athletics is limited to the teaching of other sports modalities, or linked to other corporal practices, whose nature is not always directly related with the which underpin athletics properly. Despite this, a positive fact was the confirmation of his presence. Faced with this, the researchers observed demands to think of possibilities of teaching this content, based on purposes of the school space. Being thus, this study operated in two directions, checking the space of occupation of the athletics, in the same way as pondered possibilities for teaching this knowledge.La presente investigación propone por evaluar la presencia del atletismo como contenido en clases de Educación Física, en una escuela pública ubicada en Cáceres/MT. El estudio se basa en una comprensión cualitativa, bajo el fundamento de una propuesta/exploratorio. ha recurrido a dos instrumentos metodológicos: un cuestionario estructurado y registros en un diario de campo. Con base en los resultados se notó que la percepción de los participantes en relación al contenido atletismo, se presenta circunscrita a la enseñanza de otras modalidades deportivas, o aún ligada a las otras prácticas corporales, cuya naturaleza, no siempre se relaciona con el conocimiento que fundamenta de atletismo. A pesar de ello, un hecho positivo fue a la constatación de su presencia. Delante de eso, los investigadores observaron una demanda para pensar posibilidades de su enseñanza, dentro de los propósitos del espacio escolar. De esta manera, esa investigación operó en dos sentidos, el de averiguar el espacio de ocupación del atletismo, del mismo modo que discute posibilidades para la enseñanza de ese saber.A presente investigação alvitra por cotejar a presença do atletismo enquanto conteúdo em aulas de Educação Física, em uma escola pública localizada em Cáceres/MT. O estudo assenta-se sob uma compreensão qualitativa, de natureza propositivo-exploratória. Recorreu a dois instrumentos metodológicos: um questionário estruturado e registros em um diário de campo. Com base nos resultados notou-se que a percepção dos participantes em relação ao conteúdo atletismo, apresenta-se circunscrita ao ensino de outras modalidades esportivas, ou ainda atrelada às outras práticas corporais, cuja natureza, nem sempre guarda relação com os saberes que fundamentam o atletismo. Apesar disso, um fato positivo foi à constatação de sua presença. Diante disso, os pesquisadores observaram demandas para se pensar possibilidades para seu ensino, a partir das finalidades do espaço escolar. Destarte, essa investigação operou em duas direções, a de averiguar o espaço de ocupação do atletismo, igualmente em que discorreu possibilidades para o ensino desse saber

Vocal Accuracy and Neural Plasticity Following Micromelody-Discrimination Training

Recent behavioral studies report correlational evidence to suggest that non-musicians with good pitch discrimination sing more accurately than those with poorer auditory skills. However, other studies have reported a dissociation between perceptual and vocal production skills. In order to elucidate the relationship between auditory discrimination skills and vocal accuracy, we administered an auditory-discrimination training paradigm to a group of non-musicians to determine whether training-enhanced auditory discrimination would specifically result in improved vocal accuracy.We utilized micromelodies (i.e., melodies with seven different interval scales, each smaller than a semitone) as the main stimuli for auditory discrimination training and testing, and we used single-note and melodic singing tasks to assess vocal accuracy in two groups of non-musicians (experimental and control). To determine if any training-induced improvements in vocal accuracy would be accompanied by related modulations in cortical activity during singing, the experimental group of non-musicians also performed the singing tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Following training, the experimental group exhibited significant enhancements in micromelody discrimination compared to controls. However, we did not observe a correlated improvement in vocal accuracy during single-note or melodic singing, nor did we detect any training-induced changes in activity within brain regions associated with singing.Given the observations from our auditory training regimen, we therefore conclude that perceptual discrimination training alone is not sufficient to improve vocal accuracy in non-musicians, supporting the suggested dissociation between auditory perception and vocal production

Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in hospitalised patients : an open-label, randomised clinical trial

Background: The effects of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. This study investigates the effect of CP on clinical improvement in these patients. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, randomised, parallel arm, open-label, superiority clinical trial. Patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to two infusions of CP plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with clinical improvement 28 days after enrolment. Results: A total of 160 (80 in each arm) patients (66.3% critically ill, 33.7% severely ill) completed the trial. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 60.5 (48–68) years; 58.1% were male and the median (IQR) time from symptom onset to randomisation was 10 (8–12) days. Neutralising antibody titres >1:80 were present in 133 (83.1%) patients at baseline. The proportion of patients with clinical improvement on day 28 was 61.3% in the CP+SOC group and 65.0% in the SOC group (difference −3.7%, 95% CI −18.8–11.3%). The results were similar in the severe and critically ill subgroups. There was no significant difference between CP+SOC and SOC groups in pre-specified secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, days alive and free of respiratory support and duration of invasive ventilatory support. Inflammatory and other laboratory marker values on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar between groups. Conclusions: CP+SOC did not result in a higher proportion of clinical improvement on day 28 in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 compared to SOC alone

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Perfil clínico do paciente diabético após internação devido a complicação por condição sensível à atenção primária

Objetivos: Avaliar clinicamente e classificar de acordo com o risco de novas complicações pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 após internação hospitalar por condição sensível à atenção primária. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal. Pacientes foram avaliados após 18 meses de internação. Foi aplicado um questionário com questões sociodemográficas e clínicas, avaliação clínica e laboratorial, além de eletrocardiograma. Um escore representado pelo somatório dos riscos cardiovascular, doença renal crônica e pé diabético foi elaborado. Um modelo de regressão linear foi ajustado para avaliar sexo e idade como fatores associados a uma maior probabilidade de aumento do escore. Resultados: Dentre os 98 pacientes elegíveis 37 foram entrevistados. A taxa de mortalidade observada 18 meses após a internação foi 32,6% (32/98). Sexo masculino e maior idade se apresentaram como fatores associados com um maior risco de complicações. Quando comparados, homens tiveram 3,89 mais pontos no escore do que as mulheres e a cada ano de idade representou um aumento de 16 pontos a mais. Discussão: Pacientes que foram internados por complicações sensíveis à atenção primária apresentaram alta mortalidade, avaliação clínica e quadro grave com alto risco para o desenvolvimento de novas complicações e piora das existentes. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para uma situação de risco em que a hospitalização não representou uma mudança no acompanhamento clínico desses pacientes, mostrando a falta de diálogo entre a atenção terciária e a primária

Tratamento da Pseudoartrose Congênita de Tíbia com Método de Ilizarov: Relato de Caso

A Pseudoartrose Congênita de Tíbia (PCT) é uma falha de consolidação óssea com rara incidência, podendo se apresentar ao nascer ou nos primeiros meses de vida. Nesse relato de caso, a paciente apresenta PCT sem neurofibromatose associada e encurtamento de 12cm do membro inferior direito, sendo utilizado o fixador externo de Ilizarov para correção da imperfeição. Tal método, por possuir 32 elementos, constitui um excelente fixador capaz de se adequar a várias localizações e deformidades. Logo, o presente relato de caso visa demonstrar o resultado de uma correção de PCT com o método de Ilizarov