High-Yield Optical Undulators Scalable to Optical Free-Electron Laser Operation by Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering

All across physics research, incoherent and coherent light sources are extensively utilized. Especially highly brilliant X-ray sources such as third generation synchrotrons or free-electron lasers have become an invaluable tool enabling experimental techniques that are unique to these kinds of light sources. But these sources have developed to large scale facilities and a demand in compact laboratory scale sources providing radiation of similar quality arises nowadays. This thesis focuses on Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering (TWTS) which allows for the realization of ultra-compact, inherently synchronized and highly brilliant light sources. The TWTS geometry provides optical undulators, through which electrons pass and thereby emit radiation, with hundreds to thousands of undulator periods by utilizing pulse-front tilted lasers pulses from high peak-power laser systems. TWTS can realize incoherent radiation sources with orders of magnitude higher photon yield than established head-on Thomson sources. Moreover, optical free-electron lasers (OFELs) can be realized with TWTS if state-of-the-art technology in electron accelerators and laser systems is utilized. Tilting the laser pulse front with respect to the wavefront by half of this interaction angle optimizes electron and laser pulse overlap by compensating the spatial offset between electrons and the laser pulse-front at the beginning of the interaction when the electrons are far from the laser pulse axis. The laser pulse-front tilt ensures continuous overlap between electrons and laser pulse while the electrons cross the laser pulse cross-sectional area. Thus the interaction distance can be controlled in TWTS by the laser pulse width rather than laser pulse duration. Utilizing wide, petawatt class laser pulses allows realizing thousands of optical undulator periods. This thesis will show that TWTS OFELs emitting ultraviolet radiation are realizable today with existing technology for electron accelerators and laser systems. The requirements on electron bunch and laser pulse quality of these ultraviolet TWTS OFELs are discussed in detail as well as the corresponding requirements of TWTS OFELs emitting in the soft and hard X-ray range. These requirements are derived from scaling laws which stem from a self-consistent analytic description of the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics in TWTS OFELs presented within this thesis. It is shown that these dynamics in TWTS OFELs are qualitatively equivalent to the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics of standard free-electron lasers which analytically proves the applicability of TWTS for the realization of an optical free-electron laser. Furthermore, experimental setup strategies to generate the pulse-front tilted TWTS laser pulses are presented and designs of experimental setups for the above examples are discussed. The presented setup strategies provide dispersion compensation, required due to angular dispersion of the laser pulse, which is especially relevant when building compact, high-yield hard X-ray TWTS sources in large interaction angle setups. An example of such an enhanced Thomson source by TWTS, which provides orders of magnitude higher spectral photon density than a comparable head-on interaction geometry, is presented, too.Inkohärente und kohärente Lichtquellen werden in allen Feldern der physikalischen Forschung intensiv eingesetzt. Im Besonderen ermöglichen hoch-brilliante Röntgenquellen, wie Synchrotrone der dritten Generation und Freie-Elektronen Laser, einzigartige Experimentiertechniken wodurch diese zu unverzichtbaren Werkzeugen wurden. Sie sind allerdings auch im Umfang zu Großforschungseinrichtungen herangewachsen. Um den hohen Bedarf an hoch-brillianten Lichtquellen zu decken, besteht daher die Notwendigkeit neuartige und kompakte Quellen zu entwickeln welche auf dem Maßstab eines Labors realisierbar sind. Diese Dissertation widmet sich der Traveling-Wave Thomsonstreuung (TWTS) welche die Realisierung ultra-kompakter, intrinsisch synchronisierbarer und hoch-brillianter Röntgenquellen ermöglicht. TWTS ist eine Methode der Streuung von Laserpulsen an relativistischen Elektronen. Dabei durchquert ein Elektronenpuls mit nahezu Lichtgeschwindigkeit einen Laserpuls. Während der Durchquerung beginnen die Elektronen im Feld des Laserpulses zu oszillieren wobei sie Strahlung emittieren. Die ausgesandte Strahlung besitzt eine deutlich kürzere Wellenlänge als das Laserfeld aufgrund der hohen Elektronengeschwindigkeit und der damit verbundenen großen Dopplerverschiebung. Das besondere an TWTS ist, dass Elektronen- und Laserpropagationsrichtung einen Winkel einschließen sowie pulsfrontverkippte Hochleistungslaserpulse eingesetzt werden. Dadurch können um Größenordnungen längere Interaktionsdistanzen als in herkömmlichen frontalen Thomsonstreuungsanordnungen erreicht werden. TWTS ermöglicht dadurch die Realisierung optischer Freie-Elektronen Laser (OFEL) und inkohärenter Strahlungsquellen mit einer um Größenordnungen erhöhten Photonenausbeute gegenüber Thomsonstreuungsquellen in frontalen Interaktionsanordungen. Werden modernste Elektronenbeschleuniger und Lasersysteme genutzt, dann ist der Betrieb optischer Freie-Elektronen Laser bereits heute mit TWTS möglich. Das wird in der Dissertation am Beispiel eines Vakuumultraviolettstrahlung emittierenden TWTS OFEL gezeigt. Dessen Anforderungen an die Qualität der Elektronen- und Laserpulse werden im Detail in der Arbeit besprochen sowie weitere Beispiele weicher und harter Röntgenstrahlung emittierender TWTS OFEL präsentiert. Diese Anforderungen werden anhand von Skalierungsvorschriften ermittelt welche aus einer selbstkonsistenten, 1.5 dimensionalen Theorie zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Elektronen und Laserfeld in TWTS abgeleitet sind. Sowohl die Theorie zur Wechselwirkung als auch die Ableitung der Skalierungsvorschriften sind Teile dieser Dissertation. Eine wichtige Erkenntnis der Theorie ist die qualitative Äquivalenz von Elektronen- und Strahlungsfeldbewegungsgleichungen in TWTS zu denen herkömmlicher Freie-Elektronen Laser. Das beweist analytisch die Möglichkeit zur Realisierung eines OFEL mit TWTS. Einen weiteren wichtigen Teil dieser Dissertation bildet die Arbeit zur Generierung der Laserpulse mit verkippter Pulsfront. Optische Aufbauten zur Verkippung der Laserpulsfront werden vorgestellt und für einige der präsentierten TWTS OFEL ausführlich dargelegt. Die Aufbauten verkippen nicht nur die Laserpulsfront sondern gewähren gleichzeitig Kontrolle über die Laserpulsdispersionen. Dadurch kann während der gesamten Interaktionen eine ausreichend hohe Qualität des Laserfeldes sichergestellt werden, was für TWTS OFEL und inkohärente TWTS Lichtquellen mit großem Interaktionswinkel unbedingt notwendig ist. Ein Beispiel einer inkohärenten TWTS Lichtquelle wird ebenfalls präsentiert. Diese emittiert Strahlung mit einer um Größenordnungen höheren spektrale Photonendichte als eine herkömmliche Thomsonquelle in einer frontalen Streuanordnung mit vergleichbaren Laser- und Elektronenpulsen

Quantitatively consistent computation of coherent and incoherent radiation in particle-in-cell codes - a general form factor formalism for macro-particles

Quantitative predictions from synthetic radiation diagnostics often have to consider all accelerated particles. For particle-in-cell (PIC) codes, this not only means including all macro-particles but also taking into account the discrete electron distribution associated with them. This paper presents a general form factor formalism that allows to determine the radiation from this discrete electron distribution in order to compute the coherent and incoherent radiation self-consistently. Furthermore, we discuss a memory-efficient implementation that allows PIC simulations with billions of macro-particles. The impact on the radiation spectra is demonstrated on a large scale LWFA simulation.Comment: Proceedings of the EAAC 2017, This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licens

Building an Optical Free-Electron Laser in the Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering Geometry

We show how optical free-electron lasers and enhanced incoherent Thomson scattering radiation sources can be realized with Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering (TWTS) today. Emphasis is put on the realization of optical free-electron lasers (OFELs) with existing state-of-the-art technology for laser systems and electron accelerators. The conceptual design of optical setups for the preparation of laser pulses suitable for TWTS OFELs and enhanced Thomson sources is presented. We further provide expressions to estimate the acceptable alignment tolerances of optical components for TWTS OFEL operation. Examples of TWTS OFELs radiating at 100 nm, 13.5 nm and 1.5 Å as well as an incoherent source producing 30 keV photons highlight the feasibility of the concept and detail the procedure to determine the optical components parameters of a TWTS setup

Progress in hybrid plasma wakefield acceleration

Plasma wakefield accelerators can be driven either by intense laser pulses (LWFA) or by intense particle beams (PWFA). A third approach that combines the complementary advantages of both types of plasma wakefield accelerator has been established with increasing success over the last decade and is called hybrid LWFA→PWFA. Essentially, a compact LWFA is exploited to produce an energetic, high-current electron beam as a driver for a subsequent PWFA stage, which, in turn, is exploited for phase-constant, inherently laser-synchronized, quasi-static acceleration over extended acceleration lengths. The sum is greater than its parts: the approach not only provides a compact, cost-effective alternative to linac-driven PWFA for exploitation of PWFA and its advantages for acceleration and high-brightness beam generation, but extends the parameter range accessible for PWFA and, through the added benefit of co-location of inherently synchronized laser pulses, enables high-precision pump/probing, injection, seeding and unique experimental constellations, e.g., for beam coordination and collision experiments. We report on the accelerating progress of the approach achieved in a series of collaborative experiments and discuss future prospects and potential impact

Jupyter notebooks to calculate the electric field and properties of focusing (Gaussian) laser pulses

These are the Jupyter notebooks which are used to compute the figures in K. Steiniger et al., "Distortions in focusing laser pulses due to spatio-temporal couplings - An analytic description". They can be used to: (1) Numerically calculate the electric field of laser pulses in time-space domain which are defined in frequency-space domain, (2) Analytically calculate the properties and dispersion parameters of Gaussian laser pulses in time-space domain in the course of propagation through their focus, (3) Compute the values of laser dispersion parameters in the focus of an off-axis parabolic mirror from the dispersion parameters before focusing at the mirror

High-Yield Optical Undulators Scalable to Optical Free-Electron Laser Operation by Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering

All across physics research, incoherent and coherent light sources are extensively utilized. Especially highly brilliant X-ray sources such as third generation synchrotrons or free-electron lasers have become an invaluable tool enabling experimental techniques that are unique to these kinds of light sources. But these sources have developed to large scale facilities and a demand in compact laboratory scale sources providing radiation of similar quality arises nowadays. This thesis focuses on Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering (TWTS) which allows for the realization of ultra-compact, inherently synchronized and highly brilliant light sources. The TWTS geometry provides optical undulators, through which electrons pass and thereby emit radiation, with hundreds to thousands of undulator periods by utilizing pulse-front tilted lasers pulses from high peak-power laser systems. TWTS can realize incoherent radiation sources with orders of magnitude higher photon yield than established head-on Thomson sources. Moreover, optical free-electron lasers (OFELs) can be realized with TWTS if state-of-the-art technology in electron accelerators and laser systems is utilized. Tilting the laser pulse front with respect to the wavefront by half of this interaction angle optimizes electron and laser pulse overlap by compensating the spatial offset between electrons and the laser pulse-front at the beginning of the interaction when the electrons are far from the laser pulse axis. The laser pulse-front tilt ensures continuous overlap between electrons and laser pulse while the electrons cross the laser pulse cross-sectional area. Thus the interaction distance can be controlled in TWTS by the laser pulse width rather than laser pulse duration. Utilizing wide, petawatt class laser pulses allows realizing thousands of optical undulator periods. This thesis will show that TWTS OFELs emitting ultraviolet radiation are realizable today with existing technology for electron accelerators and laser systems. The requirements on electron bunch and laser pulse quality of these ultraviolet TWTS OFELs are discussed in detail as well as the corresponding requirements of TWTS OFELs emitting in the soft and hard X-ray range. These requirements are derived from scaling laws which stem from a self-consistent analytic description of the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics in TWTS OFELs presented within this thesis. It is shown that these dynamics in TWTS OFELs are qualitatively equivalent to the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics of standard free-electron lasers which analytically proves the applicability of TWTS for the realization of an optical free-electron laser. Furthermore, experimental setup strategies to generate the pulse-front tilted TWTS laser pulses are presented and designs of experimental setups for the above examples are discussed. The presented setup strategies provide dispersion compensation, required due to angular dispersion of the laser pulse, which is especially relevant when building compact, high-yield hard X-ray TWTS sources in large interaction angle setups. An example of such an enhanced Thomson source by TWTS, which provides orders of magnitude higher spectral photon density than a comparable head-on interaction geometry, is presented, to

High-Yield Optical Undulators Scalable to Optical Free-Electron Laser Operation by Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering

All across physics research, incoherent and coherent light sources are extensively utilized. Especially highly brilliant X-ray sources such as third generation synchrotrons or free-electron lasers have become an invaluable tool enabling experimental techniques that are unique to these kinds of light sources. But these sources have developed to large scale facilities and a demand in compact laboratory scale sources providing radiation of similar quality arises nowadays. This thesis focuses on Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering (TWTS) which allows for the realization of ultra-compact, inherently synchronized and highly brilliant light sources. The TWTS geometry provides optical undulators, through which electrons pass and thereby emit radiation, with hundreds to thousands of undulator periods by utilizing pulse-front tilted lasers pulses from high peak-power laser systems. TWTS can realize incoherent radiation sources with orders of magnitude higher photon yield than established head-on Thomson sources. Moreover, optical free-electron lasers (OFELs) can be realized with TWTS if state-of-the-art technology in electron accelerators and laser systems is utilized. Tilting the laser pulse front with respect to the wavefront by half of this interaction angle optimizes electron and laser pulse overlap by compensating the spatial offset between electrons and the laser pulse-front at the beginning of the interaction when the electrons are far from the laser pulse axis. The laser pulse-front tilt ensures continuous overlap between electrons and laser pulse while the electrons cross the laser pulse cross-sectional area. Thus the interaction distance can be controlled in TWTS by the laser pulse width rather than laser pulse duration. Utilizing wide, petawatt class laser pulses allows realizing thousands of optical undulator periods. This thesis will show that TWTS OFELs emitting ultraviolet radiation are realizable today with existing technology for electron accelerators and laser systems. The requirements on electron bunch and laser pulse quality of these ultraviolet TWTS OFELs are discussed in detail as well as the corresponding requirements of TWTS OFELs emitting in the soft and hard X-ray range. These requirements are derived from scaling laws which stem from a self-consistent analytic description of the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics in TWTS OFELs presented within this thesis. It is shown that these dynamics in TWTS OFELs are qualitatively equivalent to the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics of standard free-electron lasers which analytically proves the applicability of TWTS for the realization of an optical free-electron laser. Furthermore, experimental setup strategies to generate the pulse-front tilted TWTS laser pulses are presented and designs of experimental setups for the above examples are discussed. The presented setup strategies provide dispersion compensation, required due to angular dispersion of the laser pulse, which is especially relevant when building compact, high-yield hard X-ray TWTS sources in large interaction angle setups. An example of such an enhanced Thomson source by TWTS, which provides orders of magnitude higher spectral photon density than a comparable head-on interaction geometry, is presented, too.Inkohärente und kohärente Lichtquellen werden in allen Feldern der physikalischen Forschung intensiv eingesetzt. Im Besonderen ermöglichen hoch-brilliante Röntgenquellen, wie Synchrotrone der dritten Generation und Freie-Elektronen Laser, einzigartige Experimentiertechniken wodurch diese zu unverzichtbaren Werkzeugen wurden. Sie sind allerdings auch im Umfang zu Großforschungseinrichtungen herangewachsen. Um den hohen Bedarf an hoch-brillianten Lichtquellen zu decken, besteht daher die Notwendigkeit neuartige und kompakte Quellen zu entwickeln welche auf dem Maßstab eines Labors realisierbar sind. Diese Dissertation widmet sich der Traveling-Wave Thomsonstreuung (TWTS) welche die Realisierung ultra-kompakter, intrinsisch synchronisierbarer und hoch-brillianter Röntgenquellen ermöglicht. TWTS ist eine Methode der Streuung von Laserpulsen an relativistischen Elektronen. Dabei durchquert ein Elektronenpuls mit nahezu Lichtgeschwindigkeit einen Laserpuls. Während der Durchquerung beginnen die Elektronen im Feld des Laserpulses zu oszillieren wobei sie Strahlung emittieren. Die ausgesandte Strahlung besitzt eine deutlich kürzere Wellenlänge als das Laserfeld aufgrund der hohen Elektronengeschwindigkeit und der damit verbundenen großen Dopplerverschiebung. Das besondere an TWTS ist, dass Elektronen- und Laserpropagationsrichtung einen Winkel einschließen sowie pulsfrontverkippte Hochleistungslaserpulse eingesetzt werden. Dadurch können um Größenordnungen längere Interaktionsdistanzen als in herkömmlichen frontalen Thomsonstreuungsanordnungen erreicht werden. TWTS ermöglicht dadurch die Realisierung optischer Freie-Elektronen Laser (OFEL) und inkohärenter Strahlungsquellen mit einer um Größenordnungen erhöhten Photonenausbeute gegenüber Thomsonstreuungsquellen in frontalen Interaktionsanordungen. Werden modernste Elektronenbeschleuniger und Lasersysteme genutzt, dann ist der Betrieb optischer Freie-Elektronen Laser bereits heute mit TWTS möglich. Das wird in der Dissertation am Beispiel eines Vakuumultraviolettstrahlung emittierenden TWTS OFEL gezeigt. Dessen Anforderungen an die Qualität der Elektronen- und Laserpulse werden im Detail in der Arbeit besprochen sowie weitere Beispiele weicher und harter Röntgenstrahlung emittierender TWTS OFEL präsentiert. Diese Anforderungen werden anhand von Skalierungsvorschriften ermittelt welche aus einer selbstkonsistenten, 1.5 dimensionalen Theorie zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Elektronen und Laserfeld in TWTS abgeleitet sind. Sowohl die Theorie zur Wechselwirkung als auch die Ableitung der Skalierungsvorschriften sind Teile dieser Dissertation. Eine wichtige Erkenntnis der Theorie ist die qualitative Äquivalenz von Elektronen- und Strahlungsfeldbewegungsgleichungen in TWTS zu denen herkömmlicher Freie-Elektronen Laser. Das beweist analytisch die Möglichkeit zur Realisierung eines OFEL mit TWTS. Einen weiteren wichtigen Teil dieser Dissertation bildet die Arbeit zur Generierung der Laserpulse mit verkippter Pulsfront. Optische Aufbauten zur Verkippung der Laserpulsfront werden vorgestellt und für einige der präsentierten TWTS OFEL ausführlich dargelegt. Die Aufbauten verkippen nicht nur die Laserpulsfront sondern gewähren gleichzeitig Kontrolle über die Laserpulsdispersionen. Dadurch kann während der gesamten Interaktionen eine ausreichend hohe Qualität des Laserfeldes sichergestellt werden, was für TWTS OFEL und inkohärente TWTS Lichtquellen mit großem Interaktionswinkel unbedingt notwendig ist. Ein Beispiel einer inkohärenten TWTS Lichtquelle wird ebenfalls präsentiert. Diese emittiert Strahlung mit einer um Größenordnungen höheren spektrale Photonendichte als eine herkömmliche Thomsonquelle in einer frontalen Streuanordnung mit vergleichbaren Laser- und Elektronenpulsen

High-Yield Optical Undulators Scalable to Optical Free-Electron Laser Operation by Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering

All across physics research, incoherent and coherent light sources are extensively utilized. Especially highly brilliant X-ray sources such as third generation synchrotrons or free-electron lasers have become an invaluable tool enabling experimental techniques that are unique to these kinds of light sources. But these sources have developed to large scale facilities and a demand in compact laboratory scale sources providing radiation of similar quality arises nowadays. This thesis focuses on Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering (TWTS) which allows for the realization of ultra-compact, inherently synchronized and highly brilliant light sources. The TWTS geometry provides optical undulators, through which electrons pass and thereby emit radiation, with hundreds to thousands of undulator periods by utilizing pulse-front tilted lasers pulses from high peak-power laser systems. TWTS can realize incoherent radiation sources with orders of magnitude higher photon yield than established head-on Thomson sources. Moreover, optical free-electron lasers (OFELs) can be realized with TWTS if state-of-the-art technology in electron accelerators and laser systems is utilized. Tilting the laser pulse front with respect to the wavefront by half of this interaction angle optimizes electron and laser pulse overlap by compensating the spatial offset between electrons and the laser pulse-front at the beginning of the interaction when the electrons are far from the laser pulse axis. The laser pulse-front tilt ensures continuous overlap between electrons and laser pulse while the electrons cross the laser pulse cross-sectional area. Thus the interaction distance can be controlled in TWTS by the laser pulse width rather than laser pulse duration. Utilizing wide, petawatt class laser pulses allows realizing thousands of optical undulator periods. This thesis will show that TWTS OFELs emitting ultraviolet radiation are realizable today with existing technology for electron accelerators and laser systems. The requirements on electron bunch and laser pulse quality of these ultraviolet TWTS OFELs are discussed in detail as well as the corresponding requirements of TWTS OFELs emitting in the soft and hard X-ray range. These requirements are derived from scaling laws which stem from a self-consistent analytic description of the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics in TWTS OFELs presented within this thesis. It is shown that these dynamics in TWTS OFELs are qualitatively equivalent to the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics of standard free-electron lasers which analytically proves the applicability of TWTS for the realization of an optical free-electron laser. Furthermore, experimental setup strategies to generate the pulse-front tilted TWTS laser pulses are presented and designs of experimental setups for the above examples are discussed. The presented setup strategies provide dispersion compensation, required due to angular dispersion of the laser pulse, which is especially relevant when building compact, high-yield hard X-ray TWTS sources in large interaction angle setups. An example of such an enhanced Thomson source by TWTS, which provides orders of magnitude higher spectral photon density than a comparable head-on interaction geometry, is presented, to

High-Yield Optical Undulators Scalable to Optical Free-Electron Laser Operation by Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering

All across physics research, incoherent and coherent light sources are extensively utilized. Especially highly brilliant X-ray sources such as third generation synchrotrons or free-electron lasers have become an invaluable tool enabling experimental techniques that are unique to these kinds of light sources. But these sources have developed to large scale facilities and a demand in compact laboratory scale sources providing radiation of similar quality arises nowadays. This thesis focuses on Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering (TWTS) which allows for the realization of ultra-compact, inherently synchronized and highly brilliant light sources. The TWTS geometry provides optical undulators, through which electrons pass and thereby emit radiation, with hundreds to thousands of undulator periods by utilizing pulse-front tilted lasers pulses from high peak-power laser systems. TWTS can realize incoherent radiation sources with orders of magnitude higher photon yield than established head-on Thomson sources. Moreover, optical free-electron lasers (OFELs) can be realized with TWTS if state-of-the-art technology in electron accelerators and laser systems is utilized. Tilting the laser pulse front with respect to the wavefront by half of this interaction angle optimizes electron and laser pulse overlap by compensating the spatial offset between electrons and the laser pulse-front at the beginning of the interaction when the electrons are far from the laser pulse axis. The laser pulse-front tilt ensures continuous overlap between electrons and laser pulse while the electrons cross the laser pulse cross-sectional area. Thus the interaction distance can be controlled in TWTS by the laser pulse width rather than laser pulse duration. Utilizing wide, petawatt class laser pulses allows realizing thousands of optical undulator periods. This thesis will show that TWTS OFELs emitting ultraviolet radiation are realizable today with existing technology for electron accelerators and laser systems. The requirements on electron bunch and laser pulse quality of these ultraviolet TWTS OFELs are discussed in detail as well as the corresponding requirements of TWTS OFELs emitting in the soft and hard X-ray range. These requirements are derived from scaling laws which stem from a self-consistent analytic description of the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics in TWTS OFELs presented within this thesis. It is shown that these dynamics in TWTS OFELs are qualitatively equivalent to the electron bunch and radiation field dynamics of standard free-electron lasers which analytically proves the applicability of TWTS for the realization of an optical free-electron laser. Furthermore, experimental setup strategies to generate the pulse-front tilted TWTS laser pulses are presented and designs of experimental setups for the above examples are discussed. The presented setup strategies provide dispersion compensation, required due to angular dispersion of the laser pulse, which is especially relevant when building compact, high-yield hard X-ray TWTS sources in large interaction angle setups. An example of such an enhanced Thomson source by TWTS, which provides orders of magnitude higher spectral photon density than a comparable head-on interaction geometry, is presented, too.Inkohärente und kohärente Lichtquellen werden in allen Feldern der physikalischen Forschung intensiv eingesetzt. Im Besonderen ermöglichen hoch-brilliante Röntgenquellen, wie Synchrotrone der dritten Generation und Freie-Elektronen Laser, einzigartige Experimentiertechniken wodurch diese zu unverzichtbaren Werkzeugen wurden. Sie sind allerdings auch im Umfang zu Großforschungseinrichtungen herangewachsen. Um den hohen Bedarf an hoch-brillianten Lichtquellen zu decken, besteht daher die Notwendigkeit neuartige und kompakte Quellen zu entwickeln welche auf dem Maßstab eines Labors realisierbar sind. Diese Dissertation widmet sich der Traveling-Wave Thomsonstreuung (TWTS) welche die Realisierung ultra-kompakter, intrinsisch synchronisierbarer und hoch-brillianter Röntgenquellen ermöglicht. TWTS ist eine Methode der Streuung von Laserpulsen an relativistischen Elektronen. Dabei durchquert ein Elektronenpuls mit nahezu Lichtgeschwindigkeit einen Laserpuls. Während der Durchquerung beginnen die Elektronen im Feld des Laserpulses zu oszillieren wobei sie Strahlung emittieren. Die ausgesandte Strahlung besitzt eine deutlich kürzere Wellenlänge als das Laserfeld aufgrund der hohen Elektronengeschwindigkeit und der damit verbundenen großen Dopplerverschiebung. Das besondere an TWTS ist, dass Elektronen- und Laserpropagationsrichtung einen Winkel einschließen sowie pulsfrontverkippte Hochleistungslaserpulse eingesetzt werden. Dadurch können um Größenordnungen längere Interaktionsdistanzen als in herkömmlichen frontalen Thomsonstreuungsanordnungen erreicht werden. TWTS ermöglicht dadurch die Realisierung optischer Freie-Elektronen Laser (OFEL) und inkohärenter Strahlungsquellen mit einer um Größenordnungen erhöhten Photonenausbeute gegenüber Thomsonstreuungsquellen in frontalen Interaktionsanordungen. Werden modernste Elektronenbeschleuniger und Lasersysteme genutzt, dann ist der Betrieb optischer Freie-Elektronen Laser bereits heute mit TWTS möglich. Das wird in der Dissertation am Beispiel eines Vakuumultraviolettstrahlung emittierenden TWTS OFEL gezeigt. Dessen Anforderungen an die Qualität der Elektronen- und Laserpulse werden im Detail in der Arbeit besprochen sowie weitere Beispiele weicher und harter Röntgenstrahlung emittierender TWTS OFEL präsentiert. Diese Anforderungen werden anhand von Skalierungsvorschriften ermittelt welche aus einer selbstkonsistenten, 1.5 dimensionalen Theorie zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Elektronen und Laserfeld in TWTS abgeleitet sind. Sowohl die Theorie zur Wechselwirkung als auch die Ableitung der Skalierungsvorschriften sind Teile dieser Dissertation. Eine wichtige Erkenntnis der Theorie ist die qualitative Äquivalenz von Elektronen- und Strahlungsfeldbewegungsgleichungen in TWTS zu denen herkömmlicher Freie-Elektronen Laser. Das beweist analytisch die Möglichkeit zur Realisierung eines OFEL mit TWTS. Einen weiteren wichtigen Teil dieser Dissertation bildet die Arbeit zur Generierung der Laserpulse mit verkippter Pulsfront. Optische Aufbauten zur Verkippung der Laserpulsfront werden vorgestellt und für einige der präsentierten TWTS OFEL ausführlich dargelegt. Die Aufbauten verkippen nicht nur die Laserpulsfront sondern gewähren gleichzeitig Kontrolle über die Laserpulsdispersionen. Dadurch kann während der gesamten Interaktionen eine ausreichend hohe Qualität des Laserfeldes sichergestellt werden, was für TWTS OFEL und inkohärente TWTS Lichtquellen mit großem Interaktionswinkel unbedingt notwendig ist. Ein Beispiel einer inkohärenten TWTS Lichtquelle wird ebenfalls präsentiert. Diese emittiert Strahlung mit einer um Größenordnungen höheren spektrale Photonendichte als eine herkömmliche Thomsonquelle in einer frontalen Streuanordnung mit vergleichbaren Laser- und Elektronenpulsen