Welfare Magnets, Taxation and the Location Decisions of Migrants to the EU

Migrants are among the groups most vulnerable to economic fluctuations. As predicted by the 'welfare magnet' hypothesis, migrants can therefore be expected to--ceteris paribus--prefer countries with more generous welfare provisions to insure themselves against labor market risks. This paper analyzes the role of the welfare magnet hypothesis for migrants to the EU-15 at the regional level. The empirical analysis based on a random parameters logit model shows that the regional location decisions of migrants are mostly governed by income opportunities, labor market conditions, ethnic networks and a common language. There is no strong evidence for the welfare magnet hypothesis in the EU, but the empirical model shows that the design of the (income) tax system has a large and consistent effect on locational choice.

Qualification Structure, Over- and Underqualification of the Foreign Born in Austria and the EU

This project focuses on comparing the qualification structure of migrants residing in Austria as well as their over- and underqualification rates to other EU countries. The skill structure of foreign born residing in Austria has improved slightly in the last years. Austria is, however, characterised by a high share of medium skilled migrants and a low share of highly skilled migrants. In addition among the pool of migrants in the EU from a given country, Austria generally selects the less qualified. The location decisions of highly skilled migrants are mostly governed by income opportunities, labour market conditions, ethnic networks and a common official language. Over- and under-qualification rates among the foreign born in Austria largely accord with the European average, the largest part of the differences can be explained by differences in qualification and country structure between the foreign born in Austria and the EU. Native-foreign born differentials in employment rates are, however, significantly higher in Austria than in other EU countries.Migration, Migration Policy, Migrant Skill Structure, Integration

Network migration: do neighbouring regions matter?

This paper analyses the role of the spatial structure of migrant networks in the location decision of migrants to the European Union at the regional level. Using a random parameters logit specification, a significant positive effect of migrant networks in neighbouring regions on migrants' location decisions is found. Although this spatial spillover effect is smaller than the effect of networks in the host regions, omitting to control for this spatial dependence results in a 40% overestimation of the effect of regional migrant networks on the location decision of newly arriving migrants

Fokus Ostintegration: Grenzüberschreitende Dienstleistungserbringung in die neuen EU Länder

Diese Studie bietet einen detaillierten Überblick über die Internationalisierungsaktivitäten von Dienstleistungsunternehmen mit begrenztem Marktradius in der Grenzregion Österreichs zu den "neuen" EU-Mitgliedstaaten (NMS) auf Basis einer in Kooperation mit Statistik Austria durchgeführten Unternehmensbefragung. Die untersuchten Dienstleistungsunternehmen weisen hierbei eine ähnliche Internationalisierungsneigung auf wie in vergleichbaren Studien (13%). Diese unterscheidet sich jedoch relativ stark nach Sektoren und Unternehmensgröße. Der Großteil der Dienstleistungen wird über die temporäre Entsendung von Arbeitskräften erbracht. Mehr als die Hälfte der international tätigen Unternehmen erbringt Dienstleistungen auch auf den Märkten der NMS, das Potential der dynamischen Ökonomien Mittel- und Osteuropas als Absatz- und Bezugsmarkt wird jedoch noch nicht von allen Unternehmen realisiert. Die in einigen Sektoren geltenden reziproken Übergangsfristen für die Entsendung von Arbeitskräften spielen hierfür jedoch nur eine untergeordnete Rolle.Export of Services

A 2.5 ns 8 x 8-b parallel multiplier using 0.5 μm GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructure field effect transistors

To increase performance of GaAs LSI digital circuits, a 0.5 μm recessed gate process has been developed and utilized for an 8x8-b parallel multiplier. The chip contains about 3000 heterostructure field effect transistors and has a power consumption of 1.5 W. The best results of the maximum multiplication time measured were below 2.5 nsec

An 18-34-GHz dynamic frequency divider based on 0.2-μm AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well transistors

The design and performance of a dynamic frequency divider was presented. This digital IC demonstrates the ability of the authors' AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well FETs with gate lengths of 0.2 μm. Stable operation was achieved in the frequency range from 18 GHz up to 34 GHz with a power consumption of 250 mW. To the authors' knowledge, this is the best result ever reported for HEMT circuits, and is similar to the frequency limit achieved by use of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs

7.5 Gb/s monolithically integrated clock recovery circuit using PLL and 0.3-μm gate length quantum well HEMT's

A monolithically integrated clock recovery (CR) circuit making use of the phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit technique and enhancement/depletion AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well-high electron mobility transistors (QW-HEMT's) with gate lengths of 0.3 μm has been realized. A novel preprocessing circuit was used. In the PLL a fully-balanced varactorless VCO was applied. The VCO has a center oscillating frequency of about 7.7 GHz and a tuning range greater than 500 MHz. A satisfactory clock signal has been obtained at a bit rate of about 7.5 Gb/s. The power consumption is less than 200 mW at a supply voltage of -5 V

7.5 Gb/s monolithically integrated clock recovery using PLL and 0.3 μM gate length quantum well HEMTs

A monolithically integrated clock recovery (CR) circuit making use of the phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit technique and enhancement/depletion AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well high electron mobility transistors (QW-HEMTs) with gate lengths of 0.3 μm has been realized. A novel preprocessing circuit was used. In the PLL a fully-balanced varactorless VCO has been introduced. The VCO has a centre oscillating frequency of about 7.5 GHz and a tuning range greater than 500 MHz. A satisfactory clock signal has been obtained at the bit rate of about 7.5 Gb/s. The power consumption is less than 200 mW at the supply voltage of -5 V

18 Gbit/s monolithically integrated 2:1 multiplexer and laser driving using 0.3 μm gate length quantum well HEMTs

A monolithically integrated 2:1 multiplexer and laser diode driver was developed, using AlGaAs quantum well HEMTs of 0.3 μm gate length. The DC and modulation current is 25 and 45 mA, respectively. Open eye diagrams were measured at bit rates up to 18 Gbit/s with pseudorandom data streams

Integrated laser-diode voltage driver for 20-Gb/s optical systems using 0.3- μm gate length quantum-well HEMT's

An integrated laser-diode voltage driver (LDVD) making use of enhancement/depletion AlGaAs-GaAs quantum-well high electron mobility transistors (QW HEMTs) with gate lengths of 0.3 μm has been developed. Its large signal bandwidth is 12 GHz. Eye diagrams of the output signal at bit rates up to 8 Gb/s show an opening similar to that of the input signal. Supporting material is given indicating that the LDVD might operate at bit rates up to 20 Gb/s. The maximum output current is over 90 mA; the maximum modulation voltage of 800 mV corresponds to 40-mA modulation current for a laser diode with 20-Ω dynamic resistance. The power consumption is less than 500 mW