Bumpy moments considered as critical incidents in dialogue : professional Identity of technical VET-teachers

Technology students need strong vocational education that supports both cognitive and career devel-opment in order to be adequately prepared for highly qualified jobs. The professional identity and underlying I-positions of teachers largely determine whether the quality of teaching meets these requirements. In an in-depth study we explored the professional identity of teachers working in technical VET. Bumpy moments as indicated by eleven teachers were discussed and analysed both quali-tatively and quantitatively. The results show that teachers largely identified bumpy moments relating to their pedagogical content knowledge. Most teachers in the technical domain predominantly re-flected an I-position as being a professional expert. We conclude that the dominant focus on peda-gogical content knowledge legitimises professionalisation in favour of cognitive development and the career development of youngsters. By incorporating dialogue derived from the flower model can help teachers to better understand their professional identity, determining the quality of vocational education.Los estudiantes de tecnología necesitan una sólida formación profesional que apoye tanto su desa-rrollo cognitivo como profesional, a fin de estar adecuadamente preparados para trabajos alta-mente cualificados. La identidad profesional de los profesores y sus I-positions subyacentes de-terminan en gran medida si la calidad de la enseñanza cumple los requisitos. En un estudio en profundidad exploramos la identidad profesional de los profesores que trabajan en la formación profesional técnica. Se discutieron y analizaron, tanto cualitativa como cuantitativamente, los momentos difíciles señalados por once profesores. Los resultados muestran que los profesores identificaron en gran medida los momentos de dificultad en relación con sus conocimientos pedagógicos. La mayoría de los docentes de tecnología reflejaron predominantemente una I-position como profesionales expertos. Concluimos que el enfoque dominante en base al conocimiento pedagógico legitima la profesionalización en favor del desarrollo cognitivo y el desarrollo de la carrera de los jóvenes. La incorporación del diálogo derivado del denominado "Flower model" puede ayudar a los profesores a comprender mejor su identidad profesional, determinando la calidad de la formación profesional

Temporary, but Essential Requirement of CD8+ T Cells Early in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes in BB Rats as Revealed by Thymectomy and CD8 Depletion

Autoimmunity-prone BB rats demonstrate a T lymphocytopenia and abnormal T cell subset distribution. To test whether the life span of all T cells or only of certain subsets is reduced in BB rats, we thymectomised 8-week-old BB and PVG rats and subsequently assessed size and composition of the T cell population over a 6-week-period. In both strains, thymectomy (Tx) was followed by a decrease in peripheral T cell numbers, which was proportionally larger in BB rats. The decline of the Thy-1+ recent thymic migrant (RTM) T cell phenotype was similar in both strains. BB rats showed a rapid preferential loss of CD8+ and CD45RC+ T cells, whereas the relative loss of RT6+ T cells was proportional to that of all T cells and not significantly different from that in PVG rats. Tx at 8-week did not prevent diabetes. Tx of 4-week-old BB rats revealed essentially the same changes in peripheral T cell subset distribution as in 8-week-old animals. However, Tx at week 4 did prevent diabetes. Since this raised the possibility of a temporary requirement of CD8+ T cells for the development of diabetes, we performed CD8 depletions during different pre-diabetic intervals. We found that CD8 depletion from 4 to 8 and 4 to 14 weeks, but not from 8 to 14 weeks of age prevented diabetes. We conclude that the protective effect of early adult Tx is, at least in part, due to the rapid loss of CD8+ T cells, and that these cells are only required between 4 and 8 weeks of age for diabetes to develop in BB rats

Blood-borne origin of neointimal smooth muscle cells in transplant arteriosclerosis

Transplant arteriosclerosis (TA) is a major complication after solid organ transplantation. TA is characterized by persistent perivascular inflammation and concentric intimal thickening consisting of α-actin-positive vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. The current view on TA is that donor-derived medial VSM cells of affected arteries migrate and proliferate into the subendothelial space, resulting in luminal narrowing. Following this concept, the VSM cells present in the arteriosclerotic lesions are of donor origin. In this study, the authors analyzed the origin (donor vs recipient) of endothelium (EC) and neointimal α-actin-positive VSM cells in 2 different experimental transplant models. Aortic and cardiac allografting was performed in the PVG (RT-1c) to AO (RT-1u) rat strain combination. Aorta recipients were not immunosuppressed, whereas cardiac allograft recipients were intrathymically immune modulated to prevent acute rejection. Transplants were performed from female donor to male recipient rats. The α-actin-positive VSM cells present in arteriosclerotic lesions, in aortic as well as cardiac allografts, were of recipient, rather than donor, origin. Following aortic allografts, the ECs are completely replaced by host-derived ECs, whereas in cardiac allografts the ECs are still of donor origin.</p

Circulating smooth muscle cell plasticity in the development of transplant arteriosclerosis

To date, chronic transplant dysfunction (CTD) is recognized as the major cause of long-term transplant loss (&gt;1 year) after transplantation. CTD presents histologically with obliterated intragraft arteries as a result of intimal hyperplasia referred to as transplant arteriosclerosis (TA). Neointimal lesions predominantly consist of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) intermingled with some inflammatory cells. The pathogenesis of TA is believed to be multifactorial, and many risk factors have been identified. Because the precise pathogenetic mechanisms underlying TA are still largely unknown, adequate prevention and treatment protocols are not available. In this review, we discus the origin (donor vs recipient, bone marrow vs non-bone marrow) of neointimal endothelial cells (ECs) and VSMCs in TA lesions, which were formerly believed to be solely graft-derived. On the basis of the data obtained in both clinical and experimental transplantation, it appears that the process leading to TA is heterogeneous and that neointimal ECs and VSMCs can be recruited from different sources, possibly depending on the severity of vascular damage. These data suggest a significant role of host-derived circulating EC-VSMC progenitor cells, which may be partly bone marrow-derived. These circulating progenitor cells are potential targets for therapeutic intervention to ameliorate TA development or occlusive vascular disease in general.</p

Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Cytomegalovirus-induced Acceleration of Autoimmune Diabetes in BB-rats

Background: As one of the natural perturbants, infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is believed to play a role in the development of Type I diabetes. Using the DP-BB rat model for autoimmune diabetes, we here report about possible mechanisms responsible for R(at)CMV-induced accelerated onset of diabetes

Cytomegalovirus Infection Modulates Cellular Immunity in an Experimental Model for Autoimmune Diabetes

Background: Viral infections are thought to play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes. In this study we investigated the effect of Rat Cytomegalovirus (RCMV) infection on cellular immunity in a well-defined animal model for diabetes, the Biobreeding (BB) rat

Vulnerability in acquisition, language impairments in Dutch: Creating a VALID data archive

The VALID Data Archive is an open multimedia data archive (under construction) with data from speakers suffering from language impairments. We report on a pilot project in the CLARIN-NL framework in which five data resources were curated. For all data sets concerned, written informed consent from the participants or their caretakers has been obtained. All materials were anonymized. The audio files were converted into wav (linear PCM) files and the transcriptions into CHAT or ELAN format. Research data that consisted of test, SPSS and Excel files were documented and converted into CSV files. All data sets obtained appropriate CMDI metadata files. A new CMDI metadata profile for this type of data resources was established and care was taken that ISOcat metadata categories were used to optimize interoperability. After curation all data are deposited at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen where persistent identifiers are linked to all resources. The content of the transcriptions in CHAT and plain text format can be searched with the TROVA search engin

The antimicrobial activity of a carbon monoxide releasing molecule (EBOR-CORM-1) is shaped by intraspecific variation within3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations

Carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) have been suggested as a new synthetic class of antimicrobials to treat bacterial infections. Here we utilized a novel EBOR-CORM-1 ([NEt4][MnBr2(CO)4]) capable of water-triggered CO-release, and tested its efficacy against a collection of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that differ in infection-related virulence traits. We found that while EBOR-CORM-1 was effective in clearing planktonic and biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 in a concentration dependent manner, this effect was less clear and varied considerably between different P. aeruginosa cystic fibrosis (CF) lung isolates. While a reduction in cell growth was observed after 8 h of CORM application, either no effect or even a slight increase in cell densities and the amount of biofilm was observed after 24 h. This variation could be partly explained by differences in bacterial virulence traits: while CF isolates showed attenuated in vivo virulence and growth compared to strain PAO1, they formed much more biofilm, which could have potentially protected them from the CORM. Even though no clear therapeutic benefits against a subset of isolates was observed in an in vivo wax moth acute infection model, EBOR-CORM-1 was more efficient at reducing the growth of CF isolate co-culture populations harboring intraspecific variation, in comparison with efficacy against more uniform single isolate culture populations. Together these results suggest that CORMs could be effective at controlling genetically diverse P. aeruginosa populations typical for natural chronic CF infections and that the potential benefits of some antibiotics might not be observed if tested only against clonal bacterial populations