33000 Photons per MeV from Mixed (Lu0.75Y0.25)3Al5O12:Pr Scintillator Crystals

(LuxY1-x)3Al5O12:Pr (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) crystals have been grown by the Czochralski method and their scintillation properties have been examined. Compared to the well-respected LuAG:Pr scintillator, which has so extensively been studied in the recent years, the new mixed LuYAG:Pr crystals display markedly higher light yields, regardless of the value of x. In particular, (Lu0.75Y0.25)3Al5O12:0.2%Pr characterized by a yield of 33000 ph/MeV, an energy resolution of 4.4% (at 662 keV), and a density of 6.2 g/cm3, seems to be an ideal candidate to supercede Lu3Al5O12:0.2%Pr (19000 ph/MeV, 4.6%, 6.7 g/cm3) in various applications. The observed enhancement of light output following the partial substitution of lutetium by yttrium is most probably related to some specific differences in distributions of shallow traps in particular materials

Federaciniai planai Vidurio Rytų Europoje ir Baltijos valstybių klausimas Antrojo Pasaulinio karo metu Lenkijos politikos kontekste

The article discusses the plans of the Central and Eastern European federation during the years of WW2. The implementation of the plans had an active effect on the Polish emigrating government and its partner, the Czechoslovakian emigrating government. The Federation should have been like a counterweight to Stalin’s plans to Sovietise Europe up to the English Channel or up the Elbe and Adriatic. It could also have been an alternative to Hitler’s ‘New Europe’, the main body of which was Germany – Italy axis with the addition of Vichy France and Franco’s Spain and should have supported the Balkan countries and possibly the USA. Thus, the world would have been divided into three poles: German, including Europe; Anglo-Saxon, including America and the British Empire; and Japan’s Asia. To Poland, along with the rest of the Federation region, this would have meant permanent captivity