Golden Berry (Physalis peruviana) Juice for Reduction of Blood Glucose and Amelioration of Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats

The study aimed to gather evidence on the potential of golden berry (GB) juice in improving blood glucose level, insulin level, and insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in comparison to quercetin supplement in animal model. This study used true experimental pre-post-test study with control group design. Twenty five Wistar male rats were divided into five groups: healthy group (K-), T2DM positive control group (K+), T2DM group with 1 ml/200 g BW/day of GB juice (X1), T2DM group with 5 ml/200 g BW/day of GB juice (X2), and T2DM group with 6 mg/200 g BW/day of quercetin (X3). The T2DM rasts were obtained from healthy rats induced by high-fat feed and Streptozotocin (STZ). The result showed that various dosages of GB juice (X1 and X2) were able to lower blood glucose level (-79.15; -110.44; -108.20) and HOMA-IR (-2.40; -2.92; -3.02). In addition, it was also able to increase insulin level (0.26; 1.99; 1.42) compared to (K+) group (p<0.05). In conclusion, GB juice was able to lower blood glucose level, insulin resistance, and increase insulin level in T2DM rats. The GB juice dosage of 1 ml/200 g BW/day and 5 ml/200 g BW/day were better in lowering the blood glucose level and improving insulin resistance compared to quercetin supplement

Potency of Okra flour (Abelmoschus esculentus) in improving adiponectin level and total antioxidant capacity of high fat diet streptozotocin rat model

T2DM has increase in global-morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and adiponectin-levels are important for insulin-resistance and pancreatic-b-cell-dysfunction in T2DM. Okra fruit is rich of quercetin and phytosterol which have positive-effect for T2DM. Research aimed was to study the effect of okra-flour to adiponectin-levels and total-antioxidant-capacity (TAC) in T2DM. Thirty Wistar-rats were divided randomly in five groups. K1 and (X1, X2 and X3)-treated-groups were in T2DM-condition-induced by high-fat-diet-(HFD)-Streptozotochin-(STZ)-nicotinamid-(NA). Healthy-controls-(K2)-group was also used. Okra-flour was given orally for 28 days at doses of 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3 g/Kg-body-weight/d to X1, X2 and X3-groups, respectively. Statistical program was used to analyse the different between pre-post-intervention, and between groups. Correlations between variables were also analysed. The serum-adiponectin and TAC-levels were measured by ELISA and ABTS-methods, respectively. By comparing pre and post-intervention, adiponectin levels of all-intervention-(X1, X2, X3)-group were  increase (p = 0.027 for X1 and X2; p = 0.028 for X3), while in the same period the decrease were found in group K1 (p = 0.026) and K2 (p = 0.028). Increase-TAC-levels pre-post-intervention was observed in group all-intervention-groups (p = 0.027), while no change in K1 (p = 0.66) and the decrease in group K2 (p = 0.039). Reduce-fasting-blood-glucose-levels pre-post-intervention were shown in the all-intervention-groups (p = 0.028), while for the K1 groups was increase (p = 0.028). There were significant differences between the five-groups on fasting-blood-glucose-levels, adiponectin and TAC-levels, and X3-group showed the highest adiponectin and TAC-levels. Very-strong-correlations were found between glucose-adiponectin-TAC-levels-post-intervention. Okra-flour make better glucose-adiponectin and TAC-levels in T2DM-conditions. Okra dose of 0.30 g/Kg-body-weight/day is the best in increasing adiponectin and TAC-levels

The Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on sICAM-1 and eNOS in Rats with High Fat Diet

Background: High fat diets are known to cause a positive fat balance and consequently to the accumulation of adipose mass, this diet does not seem to stimulate fat oxidation in the same way in obese and lean subjects. HFD was an inducing factor for ICAM-1 expression in the aorta of Wistar rats. HFD effect on ICAM-1 seems to be time dependent. ICAM-1 is one of the first events in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. HFD up-regulated Cav-1, regulated expression other biomarker in HFD is eNOS. Recent studies showed that E. longifolia Jack protected HFD animal model from atherosclerosis based on the reduce atherosclerotic plaque size and formation HFD-rats treated with E. longifolia Jack. Objective: To prove that Eurycoma longifolia has anti inflammatory effect on endothelial cell blood vessels of Sprague Dawley rat with high fat diet. Method: Study design was experimental study, by used Randomized Post Test only Control Group Design with Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences among groups and followed by a Mann Whitney test. Treatment is ethanolic or water extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack, and out come are sICAM-1 and eNOS levels. Thirty Sprague Dawley (SD) Rat, were divided into 6 groups. C(-) was SD group, C(+) was group with HFD, X1 (SD treated with EL dosage 10 mg/kg), X2 (SD treated with EL dosage 15 mg/kg), X3 (HFD treated with EL dosage 10 mg/kg), X4 (HFD treated with EL dosage 15 mg/kg)

The Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on LOX-1 and COX-2 in High Fat Diet Rats

Background: High fat diet is a diet containing large amounts of fat consistently, the increase dietary fat and cholesterol which have a key role in growing health problems. Extra virgin olive oil associated with prevention of LDL oxidation, beneficial changes in lipid ratios and low risk for CHD.Objective: to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of extra virgin olive oil extract to levels of COX-2 and LOX-1 in the blood in rats induced by high fat dietMethods: This research is an experimental study that used randomized posttest only control group design. 30 Wistar rats which were divided into five groups: group of control (-) which received normal diet and group of control (+) which received high fat diet without EVOO treatment and three high fat diet groups treated by EVOO 1 mL/kg/day, 2 mL/kg/day and 3 mL/kg/day orally for 2 months. The blood was collected from eyes rats and serum separation by centrifuge. COX-2, LOX-1 concentration was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The result of this study showed higher COX-2 concentrations in groups treated with EVOO than control group. COX-2 serum levels of negative control where significantly lower than those of rats treated with 2 ml/kg/day (p = 0.047) and 3 ml/kg/day EVOO (p = 0.014). The COX-2 serum levels of group received 1 ml/kg/day were significantly lower than those of rats received 3 ml/kg/day EVOO (p = 0.027). And showed not significantly deferent among all groups (p = 0.570).Conclusions: The conclusion of this study has showed that extra virgin olive oil extract might have minor anti inflammatory and antioxidant effect in rats

Pengaruh yogurt sinbiotik pisang terhadap kadar glukosa dan insulin tikus sindrom metabolik

Background: The metabolic syndrome often begins with insulin resistance characterized by hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. Synbiotic yoghurt tanduk banana contains probiotic and prebiotic FOS can improve insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Objective: To prove the effect of synbiotic yoghurt tanduk banana can reduce blood glucose levels and insulin levels in metabolic syndrome rats. Method: True-experimental study with randomized controlled group pre-post test design in male wistar rats. Eighteen samples were induced to become metabolic syndrome with high fat fructose diet for 2 weeks and they were divided into 3 groups: control (K) was given standard diet, treatment group 1 (P1), and treatment group 2 (P2) were given sinbiotic yoghurt tanduk banana dose of 0.009 ml/g body weight (BW)/day and 0.018 ml/g BW/day for 2 weeks. Results: The paired t-test showed there were differences of blood glucose levels and insulin levels before and after treatment in P2 group. The Kruskal Wallis test showed there were differences of mean blood glucose levels inter group after treatment (p<0.05). The One-way Anova test showed there were differences of mean insulin levels inter group after treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Synbiotic yoghurt tanduk banana can reduce blood glucose levels and insulin levels in metabolic syndrome rat with effective dose is 0.018 ml/grBW/day

Pengaruh pemberian yogurt sinbiotik tepung pisang tanduk terhadap profil lipid tikus sindrom metabolik

Background: The metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, prothrombic and proinflamatory state, is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The synbiotic yogurt of tanduk banana (Musa paradisiaca fa. corniculata) flour contains lactic acid bacteria, fructooligosaccarides, flavonoids, and vitamin C which all of them play role in improving the lipid profile. Objective: The aim of this study was to prove the effect of synbiotic yogurt of tanduk banana flour on lipid profile of metabolic syndrome rats. Method: This study was an true experimental with pre-post test  control group design. The subject of this study were 18 metabolic syndrome male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups,i.e control group (standart diet), intervention group I (standart diet and synbiotic yogurt of banana flour 0,009 ml/g weight/day), and intervention group II (standart diet and synbiotic yogurt of banana flour 0,018 ml/g weight/day). The intervention period was 2 weeks. Different test before and after intervention used paired t-test. The difference test between groups used One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal wallis. Results: The result showed that both of intervention group improved lipid profile significantly (p<0,05). The intervention group II showed more effective improvement of lipid profile significantly (p<0,05) than intervention group I. The intervention group II decreased triglycerides level 41,56%; total cholesterol level 41,39%; LDL-cholesterol level 57,5%; and increased HDL-cholesterol level 139,62%. Conclucion: The intervention of synbiotic yogurt of  tanduk banana flour can decrease triglyceride level, total cholesterol level, LDL-cholesterol level, and increase HDL-cholesterol level

Pengaruh pemberian yogurt sinbiotik tepung pisang tanduk terhadap profil lipid tikus sindrom metabolik

Background: The metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, prothrombic and proinflamatory state, is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The synbiotic yogurt of tanduk banana (Musa paradisiaca fa. corniculata) flour contains lactic acid bacteria, fructooligosaccarides, flavonoids, and vitamin C which all of them play role in improving the lipid profile.Objective: The aim of this study was to prove the effect of synbiotic yogurt of tanduk banana flour on lipid profile of metabolic syndrome rats.Method: This study was an true experimental with pre-post test  control group design. The subject of this study were 18 metabolic syndrome male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups,i.e control group (standart diet), intervention group I (standart diet and synbiotic yogurt of banana flour 0,009 ml/g weight/day), and intervention group II (standart diet and synbiotic yogurt of banana flour 0,018 ml/g weight/day). The intervention period was 2 weeks. Different test before and after intervention used paired t-test. The difference test between groups used One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal wallis.Results: The result showed that both of intervention group improved lipid profile significantly (p<0,05). The intervention group II showed more effective improvement of lipid profile significantly (p<0,05) than intervention group I. The intervention group II decreased triglycerides level 41,56%; total cholesterol level 41,39%; LDL-cholesterol level 57,5%; and increased HDL-cholesterol level 139,62%.Conclucion: The intervention of synbiotic yogurt of  tanduk banana flour can decrease triglyceride level, total cholesterol level, LDL-cholesterol level, and increase HDL-cholesterol level

Studi Karakteristik dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Tepung Buah Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan saat sebelum dan setelah pengeringan buah Okra. Analisis fisik meliputi analisis warna dan PSD (Particle Size Distribution). Analisis kimia meliputi uji pH, conductivity dan TDS (Total Disolve Solid). Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH. Analisis data warna menggunakan uji korelasi. Data PSD, uji pH, konduktivitas, TDS, dan aktivitas antioksidan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan buah Okra menjadi tepung Okra, tidak merusak aktivitas antioksidan. Proses pengeringan tepung Okra meningkatkan derajat kecerahan Okra dengan hasil uji statistik nilai L* <0,0001 dan a* 0,0002 (p<0,05). Distribusi ukuran partikel tepung Okra lebih kecil sehingga mudah larut dalam air. Buah Okra memiliki pH yang lebih asam yang mengakibatkan konduktivitasnya menjadi lebih tinggi sehingga padatan yang terlarut (kation, anion, mineral) juga semakin tinggi. Kesimpulannya, aktivitas antioksidan tepung buah Okra dapat diidentifikasi baik sebelum maupun setelah pengeringan dan proses pengeringan dapat berhasil memelihara aktivitas antioksidannya.This study aims to determine the physical, chemical, and antioxidant activities before and after drying the Okra fruit. Color analysis and PSD (Particle Size Distribution) were measured for physical analysis. pH test, conductivity, and TDS (Total Disolve Solid) was also measured as chemical analysis. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH. Color data was analyzed using correlation test. PSD data, pH test, conductivity, TDS, and antioxidant activity were presented descriptively. The results showed that drying Okra fruit to produce Okra flour did not damage antioxidant activity. The drying process of Okra flour brightening the color of the Okra fruit and in accordance with the statistical test that was resulted value of L* <0.0001 and a* 0,0002 (p <0.05). The particle size distribution of Okra flour was categorized as small. A much more acidic pH and higher in conductivity were found in the fresh Okra. As conclusion, antioxidant activity of Okra flour could be determined and the drying may be applied since able to maintain antioxidant activity in Okra flour

Severe Dengue Is Associated with Consumption of von Willebrand Factor and Its Cleaving Enzyme ADAMTS-13

Severe dengue infections are characterized by thrombocytopenia, clinical bleeding and plasma leakage. Activation of the endothelium, the inner lining of blood vessels, leads to the secretion of storage granules called Weibel Palade bodies (WPBs). We demonstrated that severe dengue in Indonesian children is associated with a strong increase in plasma levels of the WPB constituents von Willebrand factor (VWF), VWF propeptide and osteoprotegerin (OPG). An increased amount of the hemostatic protein VWF was in a hyperreactive, platelet binding conformation, and this was most pronounced in the children who died. VWF levels at enrollment were lower than expected from concurrent VWF propeptide and OPG levels and VWF levels did not correlate well with markers of disease severity. Together, this suggests that VWF is being consumed during severe dengue. Circulating levels of the VWF-cleaving enzyme ADAMTS-13 were reduced. VWF is a multimeric protein and a subset of children had a decrease in large and intermediate VWF multimers at discharge. In conclusion, severe dengue is associated with exocytosis of WPBs with consumption of VWF and low ADAMTS-13 activity levels. This may contribute to the thrombocytopenia and complications of dengue