Influence of Shear Deformation on Carbon Onions Stability under High Pressure

The influence of shear deformation on carbon onions stability under high pressure up to 45 GPa was investigated in a Shear Diamond Anvil Cell (SDAC) by the Raman spectroscopy and the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). At shear less then 40 degrees the carbon onions are stable up to 30 GPa. Biger shear deformation leads to increasing of size and destruction of the onions and to formation of sp3 C-C bonds. At pressure exceeded 45 GPa shear deformation leads to diamond-like carbon (DLC) formation. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3501

On Baer-Shemetkov’s decomposition in modules and related topics

This article is dedicated to the memory of an outstanding algebraist Leonid A. Shemetkov. His ideas and results not only shaped modern soluble finite group theory, but significantly influenced other branches of algebra. In this article, we traced the influence of L.A. Shemetkov's ideas on some areas of modules theory and infinite groups theory

Some aspects of Leibniz algebra theory

One of the key tendencies in the development of Leibniz algebra theory is the search for analogues of the basic results of Lie algebra theory. In this survey, we consider the reverse situation. Here the main attention is paid to the results reflecting the difference of the Leibniz algebras from the Lie algebras

Nonlinear phenomena in helicon plasmas

Nonlinear phenomena stimulated by enhanced longitudinal electric field arising near the metal surfaces in helicon plasmas are analyzed theoretically. Ponderomotive effect giving rise to nonlinear instability of the edge plasma, and stochastic electron heating that increases the rf power absorption and plasma generation are considered. Experimental evidences for non-equilibrium electron energy distributions including a population of fast particles with mean energies of the order of a few tens electron-volts are presented

Safe-Bayesian Generalized Linear Regression

We study generalized Bayesian inference under misspecification, i.e. when the model is ‘wrong but useful’. Generalized Bayes equips the likelihood with a learning rate η. We show that for generalized linear models (GLMs), η-generalized Bayes concentrates around the best approximation of the truth within the model for specific ηeq1, even under severely misspecified noise, as long as the tails of the true distribution are exponential. We derive MCMC samplers for generalized Bayesian lasso and logistic regression and give examples of both simulated and real-world data in which generalized Bayes substantially outperforms standard Bayes

The assessment of physicians' and senior medical students’ knowledge in the field of communityacquired pneumonia: preliminary results of the KNOCAP-II project (2017-2019)

Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) относится к одной из самых актуальных проблем современной медицины. На сегодняшний день ВП занимает 4 место в структуре смертности (после сердечно-сосудистых, цереброваскулярных заболеваний и злокачественных новообразований) и 1 место среди всех смертей от инфекционных заболеваний. Цель – оценка уровня знаний врачей терапевтического профиля и студентов старших курсов медицинских вузов в вопросах ведения пациентов с ВП. В рамках многоцентрового исследования KNOCAP (полное название проекта – «The assessment of physician and students’ knowledge of community-acquired pneumonia basics») представлены результаты анонимного проспективного опроса по оценке знаний и предпочтений врачей терапевтического профиля и студентов старших медицинских курсов в вопросах ведения пациентов с ВП. По итогам первого периода проекта (2017-2019 гг.) получены и проанализированы результаты анкетирования 588 врачей терапевтического профиля и 394 студентов-медиков из 17 центров России, Украины и Кыргызстана. За основу взят метод анонимного анкетирования, для чего была разработана оригинальная анкета на основании актуальных клинических рекомендаций. Наибольшие сложности вызвали следующие вопросы: сроки проведения повторного рентгенологического исследования при положительной динамике лечения, выбор основного диагностического признака при ведении пациента с ВП, указать типовые ошибки фармакотерапии ВП и выбор стартовой антимикробной терапии у пациентов с факторами риска и без них. В целом исследование показало значимое несоответствие знаний в вопросах ведения пациентов с ВП актуальным клиническим рекомендациям 2010 г. и проектом новых клинических рекомендаций 2018-2019 гг. В настоящее время существует необходимость в повышении уровня знаний и совершенствовании профессиональной деятельности врачей терапевтического профиля и студентов старших медицинских курсов, так как проведенный многоцентровой срез знаний и предпочтений специалистов во многих вопросах выявил их недостаточный уровень для корректного ведения пациентов с ВП. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most relevant problems of modern medicine. Today, CAP takes 4th place in the structure of mortality (after cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms) and 1st place among all deaths from infectious diseases. The aim of the study is to assess the level of general physician’ and senior medical students’ basic knowledge in CAP treatment. The article represents the results of anonymous prospective surveys within the framework of the second stage of KNOCAP multi-centered research project (full name of the project «The assessment of physician’ and students’ knowledge of community-acquired pneumonia basics») aimed at accessing the knowledge and preferences of doctors and students on the fundamental issues in diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The survey conducted in 2017-2019 involved 588 physicians and 394 students from seventeen Russian, Kyrgyzstan and Ukrainian centers. The method of anonymous questioning was used in this study, for which an original questionnaire was developed on the basis of current clinical recommendations. The following fundamental questions caused the greatest difficulties in the respondents: terms for a repeated X-ray examination in positive dynamics of CAP treatment, the choice of main diagnostic criteria of CAP, the choice of the typical mistakes of CAP treatment, the choice of the initial antimicrobial therapy. In general, the respondents’ knowledge in CAP patients’ management deviates significantly from the current clinical guidelines, as of 2010, and from the new clinical guidelines draft, 2018-2019. Currently, there is a need to increase the level of knowledge and improve the professional activities of therapists and senior medical students, as a multicenter section of the knowledge and preferences of specialists in many issues revealed their insufficient level for the correct management of patients with CAP

Automated workflow-based exploitation of pathway databases provides new insights into genetic associations of metabolite profiles

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associate with clinical phenotypes, but these SNPs usually explain just a small part of the heritability and have relatively modest effect sizes. In contrast, SNPs that associate with metabolite levels generally explain a higher percentage of the genetic variation and demonstrate larger effect sizes. Still, the discovery of SNPs associated with metabolite levels is challenging since testing all metabolites measured in typical metabolomics studies with all SNPs comes with a severe multiple testing penalty. We have developed an automated workflow approach that utilizes prior knowledge of biochemical pathways present in databases like KEGG and BioCyc to generate a smaller SNP set relevant to the metabolite. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges in the analysis of GWAS of metabolomic phenotypes and provides novel insights into the genetic basis of metabolic variation through the re-analysis of published GWAS datasets. Results: Re-analysis of the published GWAS dataset from Illig et al. (Nature Genetics, 2010) using a pathway-based workflow (http://www.myexperiment.org/packs/319.html), confirmed previously identified hits and identified a new locus of human metabolic individuality, associating Aldehyde dehydrogenase family1 L1 (ALDH1L1) with serine/glycine ratios in blood. Replication in an independent GWAS dataset of phospholipids (Demirkan et al., PLoS Genetics, 2012) identified two novel loci supported by additional literature evidence: GPAM (Glycerol-3 phosphate acyltransferase) and CBS (Cystathionine beta-synthase). In addition, the workflow approach provided novel insight into the affected pathways and relevance of some of these gene-metabolite pairs in disease development and progression. Conclusions: We demonstrate the utility of automated exploitation of background knowledge present in pathway databases for the analysis of GWAS datasets of metabolomic phenotypes. We report novel loci and potential biochemical mechanisms that contribute to our understanding of the genetic basis of metabolic variation and its relationship to disease development and progression

Development of Foundation of an Innovative Understanding of the Essence, Species Division, Relationship, Causes of Appearance, Procedure and Limits of Legitimate Promulgation of Reliable and Unreliable Information in Juridical, Journalistic or Any Other Massmedia Proving or in Public Discussion

In the context of the implementation of certain basic European integration provisions regarding the observance of human rights and the principle of the rule of law, the essence, relationship and limits of legitimate disclosure of known reliable information, unknown reliable news, known unreliable information and unknown unreliable news in any type of juridical or journalistic proving or public discussions. It is emphasized, that by known reliable news it is appropriate to understand those, that fully correspond to the actual circumstances of the action (actions or inactions of an individual or a small group of people), events (actions or inactions of very large groups of people, when it is impossible to establish the role in achieving the overall result of each of participants, for example, in the course of war, etc.) or phenomenon (action or inaction of the forces of nature, including predatory animals, that are in conditions not regulated by humans) in general or a certain part of it, and peculiarities of perception, memorization, their storage, reproduction and other transmission by a certain person, including life experience or relevant special or professional competence contribute to the transmission or other disclosure of practically adequate news. Attention is focused on the fact, that according to the basic orientation of the result of their public disclosure, each of the named types of news can be divided into those, that condition their perception by the majority of addressees as positive, negative and positive-negative, and negative information - also as neutral, socially harmful and socially dangerous news, when the last two types of news, depending on the level of public danger as a result of their public disclosure, may create conditions for the recipients to commit relevant criminal and other offenses. On the basis of the above, it is proposed to improve the constitutional foundations of the legitimate implementation of any type of juridical, journalistic and other mass media proving or public discussion in terms of the freedom of not just any, but only knowingly reliable speech, as well as specified circumstances under which publication may be limited and knowingly reliable news