43 research outputs found
Digitális fotogrammetriai kutatások az erdészet területén = Digital photogrammetry research in forestry
Kalibráltuk a kutatásban használt amatĹ‘r digitális kamerapárt. Ezek segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel a mĂ©rĹ‘kamerák pontosságát megközelĂtĹ‘ kiĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©sek kĂ©szĂthetĹ‘k. KĂĽlönbözĹ‘ forrásanyagokbĂłl (hagyományos mĂ©rĹ‘kamerával, digitális mĂ©rĹ‘kamerával, amatĹ‘r digitális kamerával kĂ©szĂtett lĂ©gi- Ă©s földi felvĂ©telek, szupernagy felbontásĂş (VHR) űrfelvĂ©telek, lĂ©gi Ă©s földi lĂ©zeres pásztázĂłval kĂ©szĂtett felvĂ©telek); sĂk- Ă©s hegyvidĂ©ki mintaterĂĽleten; manuális, fĂ©lautomatikus Ă©s automatikus mĂłdszerekkel ortofotĂłkat, digitális felĂĽletmodelleket Ă©s erdĹ‘tĂ©rkĂ©peket állĂtottunk elĹ‘. ErdĹ‘tĂ©rkĂ©pezĂ©si cĂ©lĂş ortofotĂłk előállĂtására a közeli infravörös sávval is rendelkezĹ‘ felvĂ©telek a legalkalmasabbak. A digitális mĂ©rĹ‘kamerák nagyobb rugalmasságot biztosĂtanak a felvĂ©telezĂ©skor, a VHR űrfelvĂ©telek pedig radiometriai szempontbĂłl pontosabbak. BorĂtott felszĂnmodellek előállĂtására a tömbös lĂ©gifĂ©nykĂ©p-anyagok alkalmasak, ezek alapján nagyobb terĂĽletek felmĂ©rĂ©se (erdĹ‘leltár), esetleg teljesen automatikus tĂ©rkĂ©pezĂ©se törtĂ©nhet meg. A felĂĽletmodellek jelentĹ‘sen pontosabb kĂ©szĂtĂ©sĂ©re kiválĂłan alkalmazhatĂłk, de ma mĂ©g nagyon drágák a lĂ©gi lĂ©zeres felmĂ©rĂ©sek. A digitális faállomány-tĂ©rkĂ©pek automatikus előállĂtására kimondottan alkalmasnak találtuk az Ăşjonnan kifejlesztett, szegmentáláson alapulĂł osztályozĂłt, amely a nagyfelbontásĂş orto termĂ©kek Ă©s a magassági modellek egyĂĽttes osztályozására is alkalmas. A sokszor jogi határt is tartalmazĂł erdĹ‘rĂ©szletek osztályozására a vektor alapĂş osztályozĂłk használhatĂłk. | The calibration of the amateur camera-pair was performed. The accuracy of the evaluation of an image taken by these calibrated cameras can be almost as accurate as a metric camera. Orthophotos, digital surface models and forest stand maps have been produced by manual, semi-automatic and automatic methods, utilising different sources (traditional analogue metric aerial camera, digital metric aerial camera, aerial and terrestrial images taken by digital amateur camera, very high resolution (VHR) satellite images, aerial and terrestrial laser scanning) on different test areas (plain and hilly area). For forest mapping purposes, the most suitable images for ortho-production are the ones containing near infrared band. The aerial digital metric cameras assuring more flexibility during aerial surveys, the VHR images are more reliable from radiometric point of view. Producing digital surface models, the aerial surveys forming blocks are suitable. The forest inventory or mapping of huge areas are become available based upon these images. A much more accurate, but also very expensive method for digital surface model production is the aerial laser scanning. The new, segment based classification method is appropriate for the automatic production of forest stand maps, which can use both imagery and digital surface model data. The classification of the forest compartments, containing legal borders sometimes, are achievable by the vector-based classification method
Mapping Forest Regeneration from Terrestrial Laser Scans
Az erdei Ăşjulati foltok helye, kiterjedĂ©se, borĂtottsága Ă©s
törzsszáma kulcsfontosságú tényezők az erdődinamikai folyamatok
feltárásában és a többkorú faállományok kezelésében. A fatermési
modellek előállĂtása, az ĂĽzemi gyakorlatban vĂ©gzett erdĹ‘művelĂ©s
valamint erdĹ‘feltárás pontos Ă©s objektĂv mĂłdszereket kĂván az
újulat helyének meghatározására. A földi lézeres letapogatás
kiválĂłan alkalmas törzstĂ©rkĂ©pek előállĂtására, ám az adatok
feldolgozásához szükséges eljárásokat eddig csak szálerdőkre
fejlesztettek ki. A tanulmány olyan automatikus eljárást mutat
be, ami 3–6 méter magasságú faegyedek lézeres letapogatás
adataibĂłl törtĂ©nĹ‘ azonosĂtását teszi lehetĹ‘vĂ©. Három, kĂĽlönbözĹ‘
jellegű Ăşjulati foltban lĂ©tesĂtett mintaterĂĽleten a ponthalmaz
vizuális interpretáciĂłjával azonosĂtott törzsek 79–90%-át
sikerĂĽlt automatikus Ăşton felismerni. Az eljárás teljesĂtmĂ©nyĂ©t
a vizsgált állományjellemzők közül elsősorban a törzsszám
befolyásolta, mĂg az ágak mennyisĂ©gĂ©nek hatása elenyĂ©szĹ‘. Az
elért eredmények rámutatnak, hogy a földi lézeres letapogatás
alkalmas az Ăşjulat mennyisĂ©gĂ©nek felmĂ©rĂ©sĂ©re, Ăgy a folyamatos
borĂtásĂş erdĹ‘k leĂrásának ĂgĂ©retes eszköze lehet
NDVI-based Downscaling of the CREMAP Actual Evapotranspiration Maps
The increasingly used remote sensing-based evapotranspiration estimation techniques provide information about the spatial and temporal variability of evapotranspiration on the field and regional scales. For Hungary, the most reliable evapotranspiration mapping model is the CREMAP (Calibration-Free Evapotranspiration Mapping), which uses MODIS surface temperature data. The CREMAP evapotranspiration with its 1000Ă—1000 m (1 km2) resolution can be used for examinations with larger scales, for example the comparison of the water balance of forests with different land cover types (agricultural areas, artificial surfaces, etc.). However, the 1 km2 spatial resolution is too coarse to be used for smaller scales like precision forest management or agroforestry systems. Therefore, a vegetation index-based (MODIS NDVI) downscaling process of the CREMAP evapotranspiration was developed, to a resolution of 250Ă—250 m (6.25 hectares). The downscaling experiment was done for Hungary, for a drier (2003 May-October) and for a wetter (2005 May-October) period. The products were analyzed, according to forest stand types. The vegetation index-based evapotranspiration downscaling process can be used for getting hydrological data for forest resource management, climate change impact studies on smaller scales or agroforestry system research
Szarmata sebészi trepanációk a Kárpát-medencében = Sarmatian Surgical trepanations in the Carpathian Basin
Despite the abundance of written resources and bioarcheological remains from the era, very few trephined skulls have been unearthed so far from the territory of the Roman Empire. In the territory of today Hungary, more than 130 surgically trephined skulls have come to light, with the earliest evidence deriving from the Neolithic period. However, the Hungarian literature does not mention any unequivocal Roman finds from the province of Pannonia (today Western Hungary). Earlier publications and osteological researches of the last fifteen years, however, have already yielded 6 possible cases of trepanation from Barbaricum, the Sarmatian territory partly enclosed by Roman provinces (today Eastern Hungary). The authors wish to re-examine these 6 cases, evaluate and justify their inclusion as Sarmatian trepanations, and put forward a possible explanation of the controversy between the written resources and the osteological evidence
Central P2Y12 receptor blockade alleviates inflammatory and neuropathic pain and cytokine production in rodents.
In this study the role of P2Y12 receptors (P2Y12R) was explored in rodent models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and in acute thermal nociception. In correlation with their activity to block the recombinant human P2Y12R, the majority of P2Y12R antagonists alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia dose-dependently, following intraplantar CFA injection, and after partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in rats. They also caused an increase in thermal nociceptive threshold in the hot plate test. Among the six P2Y12R antagonists evaluated in the pain studies, the selective P2Y12 receptor antagonist PSB-0739 was most potent upon intrathecal application. P2Y12R mRNA and IL-1beta protein were time-dependently overexpressed in the rat hind paw and lumbar spinal cord following intraplantar CFA injection. This was accompanied by the upregulation of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 in the hind paw. PSB-0739 (0.3mg/kg i.t.) attenuated CFA-induced expression of cytokines in the hind paw and of IL-1beta in the spinal cord. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist MLA occluded the effect of PSB-0739 (i.t.) on pain behavior and peripheral cytokine induction. Denervation of sympathetic nerves by 6-OHDA pretreatment did not affect the action of PSB-0739. PSB-0739, in an analgesic dose, did not influence motor coordination and platelet aggregation. Genetic deletion of the P2Y12R in mice reproduced the effect of P2Y12R antagonists on mechanical hyperalgesia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models, on acute thermal nociception and on the induction of spinal IL-1beta. Here we report the robust involvement of the P2Y12R in inflammatory pain. The anti-hyperalgesic effect of P2Y12R antagonism could be mediated by the inhibition of both central and peripheral cytokine production and involves alpha7-receptor mediated efferent pathways
Recent Molecular Insights into Agonist-specific Binding to the Mu-Opioid Receptor
Opioid agonists produce their analgesic effects primarily by acting at the µ-opioid receptor
(µOR). µOR agonists with different efficacies exert diverse molecular changes in the µOR
which dictate the faith of the receptor’s signaling pathway and possibly it’s the degree of
desensitization. Since the development of the active conformations of the µOR, growing
data have been published in relation to ligand-specific changes in µOR activation. In this
regard, this review summarizes recent data regarding the most studied opioid agonists in
in silico µOR activation, including how these ligands are recognized by the µOR, how their
binding signal is transmitted toward the intracellular parts of the µOR, and finally, what type
of large-scale movements do these changes trigger in the µOR’s domains
Taxonomical and chorological notes 3 (28–37)
Th e third part of the recently launched series includes miscellaneous new records from
fungi to vascular plants. New chorological records of one fungi, two pterids, and seven fl owering
plants are provided here: one new for Hungary (Dittrichia graveolens) and two for Albania (Drypoteris
expansa, Salvia aethiopis), two new for South Hungary (Carpinus orientalis and Moneses
unifl ora), one new for the Mecsek Mts (Deschampsia fl exuosa), one confi rmed in the KĹ‘szeg Mts
(Dryopteris affi nis), one new for the Zemplén Mts (Eleocharis uniglumis), one for the Cserhát Mts
(Himantoglossum adriaticum), and one for the Buda, Börzsöny, and Bükk Mts (Xylobolus subpileatus).
At the same time, Xylobolus subpileatus and Carpinus orientalis had only one previously known
native locality in Hungary while the others are regionally rare in Hungary. Carpinus orientalis was
likely planted in the reported locality, Dittrichia graveolens is introduced, Deschampsia fl exuosa
likely introduced, while the other reports refer to native occurrences of the discussed taxa
PerifĂ©riás Ă©s centrális receptorok rĂ©szvĂ©tele opioidok fájdalomcsillapĂtĂł hatásában Ă©s mellĂ©khatás spektrumában.Korai drog expoziciĂł (perinatális Ă©s adoleszcensz) hatásának vizsgálata patkányon = On the role of central and peripheral receptors in the antinociceptive action and side effects of opioids.The influence of early (perinatal and in adolescent age) drug exposition on antinociception
A fájdalom terápiájának megoldása sĂĽrgetĹ‘ Ă©s releváns igĂ©ny. Korábban publikáltunk nĂ©hány az agyba limitáltan penetrálĂł morfinant. Jelen munkában kb. 30 Ăşj származĂ©kot vizsgáltunk. PerifĂ©riás vs centrális analgetikus aktivitásuk 40-400, a rosszul penetrálĂł opioid antagonisták gátolják hatásukat, intrinsic efficacy-juk magas (perifĂ©riás hatĂ©konyság markere az általunk kidolgozott mĂłdszer szerint ), gátlĂł hatásuk patkány DRG sejteken perifĂ©riás támadáspont mellett szĂłl. Morfintoleráns egĂ©rben spinálisan adva a DPDPE gátolja, mĂg TIPPszi potencĂrozza a DAMGO antinociceptĂv hatását. Patkányon mind naiv mind toleráns állatban a hatás potencirozĂł. A prodynorfin gĂ©nexpressziĂł Ă©s dinorfin szint a dependenciáért felelĹ‘s agyi rĂ©giĂłkban mĂłdosul perifĂ©riás opioidok hatására. A perinatalisan drog expozĂciĂłnak kitett patkány anyák korai adoleszcens korĂş utĂłdainak testsĂşlya, adaptáciĂłs kĂ©pessĂ©ge szignifikánsan csökkent, erĹ‘ltetett Ăşszás teszten depressziĂłt jeleztek, fizikálisan dependensekkĂ©, vulnerábilissá váltak. Az anyai viselkedĂ©s romlott. KonklĂşziĂł: Ăşj morfinánok segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel a C-6 szubsztituciĂł prominens szerepĂ©t demonstráltuk a perifĂ©riás hatĂ©konyság erĹ‘södĂ©sĂ©ben, a preemptiv analgĂ©ziában, limitált lĂ©gzĂ©sdepressziĂł Ă©s pszicholĂłgiai dependencia mellett. Az eredmĂ©ny elmĂ©leti jelentĹ‘sĂ©ge mellett gyakorlati fontosságĂş a klinikum számára. Kimutattuk továbbá, hogy perinatálisan stimuláns ill. opioid kábĂtĂłszerekkel kezelt patkányok utĂłdai vulnerábilissá válnak, az abĂşzus veszĂ©lye nĹ‘. | There is a permanent and relevant need to manage pain. Previously we published opioids with limited access to the brain. 30 new derivatives were studied in rodents and found to be more potent analgesics, than morphine (Mo). Their peripheral vs central activites were between 40-400, the analgesic action was inhibited by poorly penetrating antagonists contrast to Mo, they block DRG cells, their intrinsic efficacy (a good marker of peripheral activity), is much higher than Mo assessed by a method elaborated by us, suggesting a peripheral site of action. DPDP administered spinally to Mo tolerant mice inhibited, while TIPPsi potentiated DAMGO analgesia.. We observed potentiation both in naive and tolerant rat. Prodynorphin gene expression and dynorphin level in brain regions responsible for the development of dependence were modified by opioids. The body weight, the adaptive behaviour of early adolescent offspring of perinatally Mo and ecstasy exposed dams decreased, they show depression in swimming test, they became physically dependent, and vulnerable to addiction. The maternal behavior of dams was disturbed. Conclusion: new data on the mechanisms of preemptive analgesia were obtained by new C-6 substituted morphinans. Respiratory depression and psychological dependence were limited. This finding beside its basic importance has practical importance too.Furthermore the offspring of dams perinatally exposed to substances of drug abuse became vulnerable and prone to be addict.
VĂzibogarak Ă©s vĂzipoloskák vándorlási ritmusának vizsgálata (Coleoptera, Heteroptera) I. Az egyedszám Ă©s a fajgazdagság változásai
Vizsgálataink során a vĂzibogarak Ă©s a vĂzipoloskák vándorlási szokásait, vándorlásuk napszakos Ă©s Ă©vszakos ritmusát tanulmányoztuk. Heti gyakoriságĂş, 24 Ăłra idĹ‘tartamĂş, ĂłránkĂ©nti bontásban vĂ©gzett mintavĂ©teleink során 9X3 mĂ©teres fekete fĂłlián csapdáztuk a rovarokat. A begyűjtött 10 292 egyed 86 taxonhoz (68 Coleoptera, 18 Heteroptera) tartozott. Ebben a dolgozatban az egyes mintavĂ©teli napok Ă©s mintavĂ©teli Ăłrák átlagos egyedszámának Ă©s fajszámának alakulása alapján elemezzĂĽk a vĂzirovarok szezonális vándorlási ritmusát