Lack of correlation between reaction speed and analytical sensitivity in isothermal amplification reveals the value of digital methods for optimization: validation using digital real-time RT-LAMP

In this paper, we asked if it is possible to identify the best primers and reaction conditions based on improvements in reaction speed when optimizing isothermal reactions. We used digital single-molecule, real-time analyses of both speed and efficiency of isothermal amplification reactions, which revealed that improvements in the speed of isothermal amplification reactions did not always correlate with improvements in digital efficiency (the fraction of molecules that amplify) or with analytical sensitivity. However, we observed that the speeds of amplification for single-molecule (in a digital device) and multi-molecule (e.g. in a PCR well plate) formats always correlated for the same conditions. Also, digital efficiency correlated with the analytical sensitivity of the same reaction performed in a multi-molecule format. Our finding was supported experimentally with examples of primer design, the use or exclusion of loop primers in different combinations, and the use of different enzyme mixtures in one-step reverse-transcription loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP). Our results show that measuring the digital efficiency of amplification of single-template molecules allows quick, reliable comparisons of the analytical sensitivity of reactions under any two tested conditions, independent of the speeds of the isothermal amplification reactions

Информационный метод контроля производства зеленого стекла

Objectives. The technological process for the production of sheet glass by the float method is continuous and large-scale. Most European cars (up to 90%) are factory-tinted green; the bulk of the glass is painted in the desired color during the production process. The introduction of modern information technologies and digitalization has opened up opportunities for a significant increase in the efficiency of glass production. Accounting for the amount of drawn and cut glass allows you to evaluate an important indicator of the production work—the glass utilization rate, which determines the percentage of quality glass in the total output. The yield of the quality glass depends on the technological waste in the production process. To assess the effect of waste arising at the production stages on the glass utilization rate, an analysis of the statistical data of the float line operation was carried out. These statistical data differ from the normal law of probability distribution, which limits the use of traditional statistical control methods. Regression models do not always give an accurate mathematical description of the process since the variance of the conditional mathematical expectation of the output variable relative to the input is not a consistent characteristic of the relationship between the input and output variables. The purpose of this work is to study the application of information modeling theory for the analysis and control of the technological process of green glass production in terms of its utilization rate.Methods. The technique of modeling technological chains has some peculiarities with that for operations modeling. It analyzes operations to identify possible information links between parameters. Thus, the process of obtaining the utilization rate of green glass in the production process can be followed. This study analyzes the influence of the paired and triple interactions of waste on the process of affording the utilization rate of glass at the stages of green glass production.Results. Information modeling of the technological process of affording the utilization rate of green glass in the production process has been carried out. Informational analysis results in a conclusion about the sufficiency of the control of the utilization rate of green glass in the production process according to informatively related parameters—waste at the stages of glass melting, annealing, and flanging.Conclusions. The selected method of information control of the glass utilization rate can be used in quality management systems in the production of green glass by the float method.Цели. Технологический процесс производства листового стекла флоат-способом является непрерывным и крупнотоннажным. Европейские автомобили в большинстве (до 90%) имеют зеленую заводскую тонировку стекол, поэтому в процессе производства стекло в своей массе окрашивается в желаемый цвет. Внедрение современных информационных технологий и цифровизация открывают возможности существенного повышения эффективности стекольных производств. Учет количества вытянутого и нарезанного стекла позволяет оценить важный показатель работы производства – коэффициент использования стекла, определяющий долю качественного стекла в процентах в общем объеме выработки. Выход годного стекла зависит от технологических отходов в процессе производства. Для оценки влияния отходов, возникающих на стадиях производства, на коэффициент использования стекла проводился анализ статистических данных работы флоат-линии. Эти выборки отличаются от нормального закона распределения вероятностей, что ограничивает использование традиционных статистических методов контроля. Регрессионные модели не всегда дают точное математическое описание процесса, поскольку дисперсия условного математического ожидания выходной переменной относительно входных не является состоятельной характеристикой связи между входными и выходными переменными. Целью данной работы является исследование применения информационной теории моделирования для анализа и контроля технологического процесса производства зеленого стекла по коэффициенту его использования.Методы. Методика моделирования технологических цепей имеет некоторые особенности по сравнению с моделированием операций. В ней проводится анализ операций для выявления возможных информационных связей между параметрами, что позволяет проследить за формированием коэффициента использования зеленого стекла в процессе производства. Анализируется влияние на величину коэффициента использования стекла парных и тройных взаимодействий отходов на стадиях производства зеленого стекла.Результаты. Проведено информационное моделирование технологического процесса формирования коэффициента использования зеленого стекла. Информационный анализ позволяет сделать заключение о достаточности контроля коэффициента использования зеленого стекла в процессе производства по информативно связанными с ним параметрами – отходами на стадиях стекловарения, отжига и отбортовки.Выводы. Выбранная методика информационного контроля коэффициента использования стекла может применяться в системах менеджмента качества в производстве зеленого стекла флоат-способом

Analyzing Trace Elements in the Structures of Glaucomatous Eyes

Trace elements (TE) were analyzed in sclera biopsy specimens, samples of anterior chamber aqueous humor, and tear fluid of 12 patients aged between 53 and 79 years with various stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), using an atomic absorption spectrometer AS-3, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer ELAN 6100-ICP-MS (Perkin-Elmer), and a Thermo Scientific plasma spectrometer iCAP-7000 (USA). Detected irregularities in the content of some TE (magnesium, iron, zinc, etc.) in anterior chamber aqueous humor of POAG patients may be a serious pathogenetic factor that violates the viscosity, and hence, the hydrodynamics, of intraocular fluid. An imbalance of TE in the tissues and media of glaucomatous eyes can contribute to the development of glaucomatous damage

The organization training process system for young hockey players through speed qualities development by the means of "Ice track”

The article analyses the data obtained by the sigma sports pulsometer of pc15 with the author's technology realization within the speed endurance development for 10–11-year-old hockey players by means of a specialized hockey track. There is a description of the narrative and final results for each technology (program) stage. Within the stages of the pedagogical experiment, there was a classification test of physical development, which allowed us to speak about the effectiveness of the technology in use

Sequel as A Type of Metatext Practice: Philosophical Perspective

The article considers the phenomenon of the sequel as a type of metatext practice and as an integral component in the chain of knowledge transfer. The reproducibility of the original text is thus correlated with "unlimited" semiosis / interpretation. The phenomenon of metatext is closely related to the functioning of secondary texts, since any metatext belongs to the category of secondary texts. By secondary, we mean text created as a result of processing the original, primary text.The sequel acts as a secondary text, and the text that interprets the main text. The relevance of the research, therefore, is related to such philosophical and linguistic problems as reference and interpretation. The popularity of sequels written by modern authors to Jane Austen's novels can be seen as a particular manifestation of the general "fashion" for secondariness. Consciously or not, modern "successors" of her novels tend to repeat her style, even if they simply borrow the characters and plot of the novels. Within the framework of semiotics, the sequel can be considered as a "sign" that displays its referent - the novels of Austen. However (from the point of view of stylistics), the sequel cannot be an exact copy of its original, since it is invariably created in other socio-cultural conditions. A sequel as a sign can display its referent (novel) in three main types: index, icon, symbol, and their combinations. Thus, the article analyzes each of the ways of display and concludes that it is impossible to symbolically reflect the proto-text on the example of the novel "Pride and prejudice" and its sequels written by contemporary authors. One of the results of the work is the assumption that the ontological status of the new "possible world" in the sequel and therefore its communicative success, are in direct correlation with the way of referential representation of the original

The Study of Mineral Elements Participation in Brewing Products Foam Structure Formation

The article is devoted to the study of the metal ion’s role in the formation of the foam colloidal structure. The nitrogenous compounds prominent role as structuring compounds of the colloidal film on the carbon dioxide bubbles surface is noted. Based on the calculation of the correlation strength between beer samples organic compounds obtained based on light and dark malts, as well as barley and corn as unmalted raw materials, the effect of Ca, Mg, Mn, Co and Na mineral ions on the foam structure was evaluated. It was shown that Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, Co ions take part in the foam structure formation in conjunction with the grain raw materials thiol nitrogen, and Ca, Mg, Mn ions in conjunction with catechins of both grain and hop raw materials. High correlation coefficients between foam resistance and all ions (r-0.991÷0.998), foam resistance, catechins and Co ions (r 0.991), as well as foam resistance and Ca and Mg ions (r -0.987) ensure the elasticity of the foam structure colloidal film

Develipement of Models of a Series of Publication: Newspaper, Magazine, Book (from Design Experience)

Статья посвящена описанию творческий процесс работы студента-дизайнера, приступающего впервые к проектированию смешанного по составу комплекса полиграфических изданий. Описан предпроектный период и этапы непосредственного проектирования. Рассмотрены цели и задачи проектирования задания, помогающего совершенствоваться в художественном и дизайнерском направлениях при обучении дизайну графическому в бакалавриате.The Article is devoted to the description of the creative process of the work of a student-designer, starting for the first time to design a mixed complex of printing publications. The pre-project period and stages of direct design are described. The goals and objectives of the design of the educational task, which helps to improve in the artistic and design directions in the teaching of graphic design in the undergraduate

Measuring Fate and Rate of Single-Molecule Competition of Amplification and Restriction Digestion, and Its Use for Rapid Genotyping Tested with Hepatitis C Viral RNA

We experimentally monitored, at the single-molecule level, the competition among reverse transcription, exponential amplification (RT-LAMP), and linear degradation (restriction enzymes) starting with hepatitis C viral RNA molecules. We found significant heterogeneity in the rate of single-molecule amplification; introduction of the restriction enzymes affected both the rate and the “fate” (the binary outcome) of single-molecule amplification. While end-point digital measurements were primarily sensitive to changes in fate, the bulk real-time kinetic measurements were dominated by the rate of amplification of the earliest molecules, and were not sensitive to fate of the rest of the molecules. We show how this competition of reactions can be used for rapid HCV genotyping with either digital or bulk readout. This work advances our understanding of single-molecule dynamics in reaction networks and may help bring genotyping capabilities out of clinical labs and into limited-resource settings

Allergic contact dermatitis

The aim of the study ̶ to analyze and determine allergic contact dermatitis, to identify characteristic signs at the initial manifestation of the disease, to establish methods of prevention and treatment in order to avoid recurrence.Цель исследования - проанализировать и определить аллергический контактный дерматит, выявить характерные признаки при первоначальном проявлении заболевания, установить методы профилактики и лечения, чтобы избежать рецидива