Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole and 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives of Salicylic Acid and its Synthetic Intermediates

Eight compounds 2–9 have been synthesized starting from salicylic acid, two of them (7 and 9) are novel. The four final products namely: 5-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione 4, 3-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol 6, 3-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol 8 and 3-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-1-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol 9 have been prepared using known reactions. The structures of intermediates and final products were determined by spectroscopic IR, UV, 1H-NMR & MS-methods in addition to elemental analysis. Antibacterial activities of compounds 1–6 and 8 were investigated in vitro against Escherichia coli,  Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the results are reported herein.KEYWORDS: 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-thione; 1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol; 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol; salicylic acid; antibacterial activity

Adaptive learning-enforced broadcast policy for solar energy harvesting wireless sensor networks

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The problem of message broadcast from the base station (BS) to sensor nodes (SNs) in solar energy harvesting enabled wireless sensor networks is considered in this paper. The aim is to ensure fast and reliable broadcast without disturbing upstream communications (from SNs to BS), while taking into account constraints related to the energy harvesting (EH) environment. A new policy is proposed where from the one hand, the BS first selects the broadcast time-slots adaptively with the SNs schedules (to meet active periods that are constrained by EH conditions), and from the other hand, SNs adapt their schedules to enable optimal selection of the broadcast time-slots that minimizes the number of broadcasts per message and the latency. Compared to the existing solutions, this enables fast broadcast and eliminates the need of adding message overhead to the broadcast message. For this purpose, an analytical energy model, a Hidden Markov Model(HMM), Baum–Welch learning algorithm, and a heuristic algorithm of the minimum covering set problem (MCS) are proposed and combined in a unique solution. The proposed solution is analyzed and compared with a state-of-the-art approach. The results confirm that the former has the advantage of performing the broadcast operation more reliably and in lower delay

Inhibition de la corrosion du cuivre en milieux chlorure et sulfate neutres par une nouvelle molécule dérivée de 1,2,4-triazole.

Inhibition of copper corrosion in 3% NaCl and 0.5 M Na2SO4 mediums by a novel bis-(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) butane has been investigated using voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The inhibitor decreases both anodic and cathodic reactions (mixed inhibitor). The measurement of the polarization resistance (Rp) shows an increase in protective rate of the inhibitor as a function of the immersion. The inhibition efficiency exceeds 99%. This inhibitor is more efficient than the benzotriazole. The effect of pH and the addition of KI on the corrosion of copper in these two media alone and with addition of BAMTB were investigated. The inhibitor is very effective in acidic medium. The addition of KI plays a beneficial effect on the protection of copper. The more increase in efficiency is due to a synergistic effect. The surface analysis by Raman spectroscopy, XPS spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed the presence of a film of Cu (I)-BAMTBLe pouvoir protecteur d’une nouvelle molécule inhibitrice, le bis-(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) butane, vis-à-vis de la corrosion du cuivre en milieux NaCl à 3 % et Na2SO4 0,5 M aéré a été évalué par voltampérométrie, chronoampérométrie et spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique. L’inhibiteur abaisse simultanément la vitesse de la réaction anodique et celle de la réaction cathodique (inhibiteur mixte). La mesure de la résistance de polarisation (Rp) montre une augmentation du pouvoir protecteur de l’inhibiteur au cours du temps. Le taux d’inhibition dépasse les 99 %. Cet inhibiteur s’avère donc encore plus efficace que le benzotriazole. L’effet du pH et de l’addition de KI sur le comportement de cuivre dans ces deux milieux seuls et avec une addition de BAMTB ont été étudiés. L’inhibiteur est très efficace en milieu acide. L’ajout de KI joue un rôle très bénéfique sur la protection du cuivre. La forte augmentation de l’efficacité est due à un effet de synergie. Les analyses de surface par spectroscopie Raman, spectroscopie XPS, microscopie électronique à balayage MEB et analyse EDS ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence d’un film de type Cu(I)-BAMTB

Synthesis and characterization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/ Montmorillonite nanocomposites using surfactants modified clay

117-127Nanocomposites of Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and surfactant modified Maghnite clay have been successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization of EDOT monomer in the interlayer space of the organoclay. The synthesis has been assisted by ultrasonic method to improve the dispersion of PEDOT polymer between the Maghnite clay sheets. The surfactant modified clay is synthesized via cation exchange method with Hydrogenure Tetrabutylammonuim (TBAHS) and cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB). Two types of organo-modified clays are obtained namely the Mag-TBA and Mag-CTA according to the template used. Various physico-chemical techniques are used for nanocomposites characterization such as XRD, FTIR, AFM, TGA/DTA, SEM and TEM. The results prove the formation of intercalated / exfoliated upon increasing the content of organoclay in the nanocomposites , consequently, different morphologies and structures in which the exfoliated and intercalated forms were obtained. Both nanocomposites display significant enhancement in the thermal stabilities compared to the PEDOT polymer. However, a decrease in conductivity values is observed for all samples compared to pure conducting polymer. This feature can be improved in view of desired application in electrochemical devices

Transcription profiling suggests that mitochondrial topoisomerase IB acts as a topological barrier and regulator of mitochondrial DNA transcription

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is essential for cell viability because it encodes subunits of the respiratory chain complexes. Mitochondrial topoisomerase IB (TOP1MT) facilitates mtDNA replication by removing DNA topological tensions produced during mtDNA transcription, but it appears to be dispensable. To test whether cells lacking TOP1MT have aberrant mtDNA transcription, we performed mitochondrial transcriptome profiling. To that end, we designed and implemented a customized tiling array, which enabled genome-wide, strand-specific, and simultaneous detection of all mitochondrial transcripts. Our technique revealed that KO mouse cells process the mitochondrial transcripts normally but that protein-coding mitochondrial transcripts are elevated. Moreover, we found discrete long noncoding RNAs produced by H-strand transcription and encompassing the noncoding regulatory region of mtDNA in human and murine cells and tissues. Of note, these noncoding RNAs were strongly up-regulated in the absence of TOP1MT. In contrast, 7S DNA, produced by mtDNA replication, was reduced in the KO cells. We propose that the long noncoding RNA species in the D-loop region are generated by the extension of H-strand transcripts beyond their canonical stop site and that TOP1MT acts as a topological barrier and regulator for mtDNA transcription and D-loop formation

Seasonal variations of sexual activity of local bucks in western Algeria

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seasonal variation of sexual activity among bucks of local breed (Arbia) in western Algeria. The experiment was carried out using eight bucks aged between 4 and 6 years, a group of males in their pre-puberty age (4 to 6 months) and two females. Animals were kept in a building during one year and fed with a constant ration of wheat and hay with free access to water. Sexual activity was evaluated by scrotal circumference and sexual behaviour analysis. Results showed that the monthly average of scrotal circumference was high during August and September (27.58 ± 0.16 and 27.67 ± 0.17 cm, respectively) and low during April and May (25.18 ± 0.11 and 25.25 ±0.17 cm, respectively). Monthly averages of sexual behaviour followed similar evolution. When the season of the year is considered, sexual behaviour and scrotal circumference presented significant variations. The two parameters are maximal during autumn (7.96 ± 1.28 and 26.89 ± 0.55 cm, respectively) and go down during winter (6.09 ± 1.25 and 25.65 ± 0.27 cm, respectively) to reach minimal values during spring (4.89 ± 1.66 and 25.41 ± 0.37 cm, respectively) then they go up during summer. Inconclusion, bucks of local breed in western Algeria have seasonal variations of sexual activity in relation to annual photoperiod variation; short days stimulate the sexual activity whereas long days inhibit it

Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pus/Wound Samples in Humans with Infected Wounds in North Central Algeria

The present study was carried out between 2016 and 2020 in Makour Hamou Public Hospital, Ain Defla district, North Centre of Algeria. The study aimed to characterise the antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance in bacteria isolated from 620 patients with purulent skin wounds. Out of the 428 bacterial isolates, 283 were Gram-positive (66.12 ± 4.48%) (P<0.001). A total number of 77 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained, among them 31.2 ± 9.3% (24/77) were methicillin-resistant. The most frequent Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (30.34±7.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.52±7.10%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.45±6.70%). All Staphylococcus aureus isolates (77/77) were sensitive to clindamycin. Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to several antibiotics with high resistance rates to amoxicillin (38/44; 86.4 ± 10.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (30/44; 68.2 ± 13.8%), cefazolin (21/44; 47.7 ± 7.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (16/44; 36.4 ± 14.2%) (P<0.001). All Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to amikacin (145/145) and only one Gram-positive isolate (99.65 ± 0.69%) was resistant to vancomycin. Multidrug resistance was observed in 31.54% of isolates; it was significantly higher in Gram-negative compared to Gram-positive bacteria (62/145; 42.76 ± 8% and 73/283; 25.79 ± 5.10%, respectively) (P<0.001). Multidrug resistance rate was significantly correlated to patients’ age (P<0.001) but not according to years. These results showed the presence of different bacteria species from human wound infections. The resistance to one or multiple antibiotics were frequent. It is recommended to reduce irrational use of antibiotics and a more frequent use of antibiogram before any antibiotic prescription

Synthesis, Metal Ions Coordination, Antimicrobial Activity of Some L-Tartaric Acid Derivatives

Abstract: The bis-1,3,4-oxadiazole-thione and bis-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-thiol derivatives from L-tartaric acid were synthesized. The synthetic intermediates, ester, hydrazide and oxadiazole derivatives have shown a significant tendency to form complexes with Fe(III), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions. The formation of complexes with metals was detected by UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy. A novel complex nucleoside from bis-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-thiol derivative with l-arabinose was also synthesized. The antimicrobial activity for final and synthetic intermediates in vitro against the microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were examined and some products showed noticeable activity against the tested microorganisms

الحكمة ومكوناتها وقياسها مراجعه منتظمة للأدبيات = A systematic review of research on wisdom: its components and measurement

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث عن مفهوم الحكمة، ومكوناتها، والطرق والأدوات المستعملة لقياسها، وذلك من خلال اتباع منهجية التحليل والمراجعة المنتظمة للبحوث العلمية المحكمة في قواعد البيانات والمجلات العلمية المحكمة. وبناء على المعايير التي تم تبنيها فقد تم الإطلاع على 206 بحثا ومقاله علمية و تم التوصل إلى اختيار 30 بحثام منها والتي تم تلبيتها لمعايير التحليل. وأظهرت النتائج، وبالرغم من التباين في التعريفات والمكونات، وجود تطابق إلى حد كبير في التعريفات والمكونات عبر البحوث الـ 30 التي تمت مراجعتها. أما فيما يتعلق بأدوات القياس للحكمة فقد تباينت إلا أنه يمكن القول أن أسلوبي التقرير الذاتي وقياس الأداء هما الشائعان واللذان يمكن الاعتماد عليهما. أوصت الدراسة إلى المزيد من التوضيح و البحث عن الحكمة عبر عينات متنوعة بالإضافة إلى تطوير أدوات تقييم متعددة الوسائط صالحة نظريًا ونفسيًا لتعزيز الدراسة العلمية الدقيقة لهذا البناء المعقد ****************************************************************************************** This paper reports on a systematic review of the empirical research related to the concept of wisdom, its components, and measurement tools. The review encompassed a total of thirty (N = 30) research papers published in refereed databases and journals. Based on the inclusion criteria, some 206 papers were identified and from this list, 30 research papers that met the criteria were accepted for the analysis. The results showed that despite the variations existing in the conceptualizations of wisdom, a great similarity was found in its definitions and components across the 30 studies that were reviewed. Across studies, it was discovered that self-reports and benchmarking are the most common and reliablemeasurement tools of wisdom. The study recommended further clarification and search for wisdom across diverse samples as well as the development of multi-modal assessment tools that are theoretically and psychologically valid to enhance the rigorous scientific study of this complex construct of wisdo

Alteration of Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare genetic condition primarily caused by hepatic ABCC6 transporter dysfunction. Most clinical manifestations of PXE are due to premature calcification of elastic fibers. However, the vascular impact of PXE is pleiotropic and remains ill defined. ABCC6 expression has recently been associated with cellular nucleotide export. We studied the impact of ABCC6 deficiency on blood levels of adenosine triphosphate and related metabolites and on soluble nucleotidase activities in PXE patients and Abcc6 mice. In addition, we investigated the expression of genes encoding ectocellular purinergic signaling proteins in mouse liver and aorta. Plasma adenosine triphosphate and pyrophosphate levels were significantly reduced in PXE patients and in Abcc6 mice, whereas adenosine concentration was not modified. Moreover, 5\u27-nucleotidase/CD73 activity was increased in the serum of PXE patients and Abcc6 mice. Consistent with alterations of purinergic signaling, the expression of genes involved in purine and phosphate transport/metabolism was dramatically modified in Abcc6 mouse aorta, with much less impact on the liver. ABCC6 deficiency causes impaired vascular homeostasis and tissue perfusion. Our findings suggest that these alterations are linked to changes in extracellular nucleotide metabolism that are remote from the liver. This opens new perspectives for the understanding of PXE pathophysiology