Examining of Nutritional and Remedial Properties of Olive in Quran, Hadiths, Traditional and Modern Medicine

سابقه و هدف: زیتون با نام علمی اولئا یوروپائه­آ، از تیره‌ی اولئاسه­آ، یکی از میوه‌هایی است که در نواحی مدیترانه، آسیای مرکزی و در بخش‌هایی از آفریقا کشت می‌شود و میزان تولید سالیانه‌ی آن در جهان بیش از 4/17 میلیون تن است. با گسترش و پیشرفت علم در حوزه‌های مختلف، روزبه‌روز فواید و خواص طبی و تغذیه‌یی جدیدی از زیتون آشکار می‌شود. با پژوهش در قرآن، روایات و احادیث پیامبر (ص) و امامان معصوم (ع) درمی‌یابیم که به بسیاری از خواص این میوه که علوم جدید آنها را اثبات کرده، قبلاً اشاره‌ شده است. به‌طورکلی زیتون در درمان زخم معده و دیگر بیماری‌های دستگاه گوارش، فشارخون، آسم، بیماری‌های قلبی، دیابت، شکستگی و پوکی استخوان و بیماری‌های پوستی مؤثر است و سبب تحریک ترشح ادرار، جلوگیری از ریزش مو و کاهش التهاب و تب می‌شود. روش کار: در تحقیق حاضر، خواص طبی زیتون از منظر قرآن کریم، احادیث و منابع طب سنتی و نیز پژوهش‌های علمی انجام‌شده طی سال‌های 2000 تا 2016، بررسی و مطالعه شده است. در این پژوهش همه‌ی موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است. علاوه‌براین، نویسندگان مقاله هیچ‌گونه تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: طب نوين باوجود پیشرفت‌های بسیار، در سال‌های اخیر به یافته‌هایی رسيده كه قرن‌ها قبل در كتب قدما و حكماي طب سنّتي ايران و اسلام به‌سادگی و با جزئیات بیان‌شده‌است. نتایج پژوهش اخیر نیز نشان می‌دهد که زیتون در پیشگیری از بیماری­های قلبی، آلزایمر، سرطان‌های روده‌ی بزرگ، پوست، پروستات، سینه، رحم و تخمدان؛ دیابت، بیماری‌های التهابی و خودایمن مانند روماتیسم، پوکی استخوان و بیماری‌های عصبی مانند نشانگان داون مؤثر؛ و همچنین دارای اثرهای ضدالتهابی، ضدمیکروبی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی است. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های اين پژوهش می‌تواند گامي مؤثر در جهت تأیید جنبه‌های علمي قرآن و احادیث پیامبر (ص) و ائمه (ع)، به‌ویژه در مورد میوه‌هایی نظیر زیتون، محسوب شود. Background and Objective: Olive (Olea europaea), a species in the family of Oleaceae, is one of the fruits that grows in the Mediterranean region, central Asia and some parts of Africa. Annual production of this fruit is about 17.4 million tons in the world. With scientific development in various fields in recent years, new medical and nutritional properties of olive have been discovered. It was found that many of demonstrated properties of this fruit in modern science have already been pointed out in the Quran, narrations and hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (S) and Imams (AS). Olive generally is effective in the treatment of stomach ulcers and other gastrointestinal diseases, hypertension, asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, bone fractures and osteoporosis, cutaneous diseases, stimulation of urination, prevention of hair loss and reduction of inflammation and fever. Method: In this study, medical properties of olive were investigated in the Quran, hadiths, traditional medicine as well as recent scientific researches (2000 - 2016). All ethical issues were observed. Moreover, the authors did not report conflict of interest. Results: Along with the recommendations of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (s), Imams and traditional medicine about the consumption of olive, findings of recent studies also indicate that this fruit is effective in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, cancers of colon, skin, prostate, breast, uterine and ovarian, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Down syndrome. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties also reported for olive. Conclusion: The findings of this research can be an effective step confirming the scientific aspects of the Quran and narratives of the Prophet Muhammad (S) and Imams (AS), especially in the case of fruits like olive

Therapeutic effects of Pumpkin in Islamic Texts, Islamic Iranian Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine

زمینه و هدف: کدو با نام علمی Cucurbita pepo L. متعلق به خانواده کدو (Cucurbitaceae) بوده که در نواحی مختلف دنیا کشت داده می‌شود و بیشترین تولید آن توسط کشورهای چین، هند، اوکراین، مصر و ایالات‌متحده آمریکا صورت می‌گیرد. این گیاه یکی از خوراکی‌هایی است که در قرآن از آن یاد شده و در طب سنتی و رایج نیز از آن برای درمان بیماری‌های مختلف استفاده می‌شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی جایگاه کدو در قرآن، احادیث نقل‌شده از پیامبر و امامان و طب سنتی ایرانی و نیز خواص تغذیه‌ای و درمانی آن بر طبق آخرین تحقیقات علمی انجام گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه مروری قرآن مجید و تفاسیر آن، احادیث و روایات اسلامی، کتب طب سنتی و گیاهان دارویی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. همچنین از پایگاه‌های Science Direct، PubMed، SID، Google Scholar وISC استفاده گردید. جستجو در این پایگاه‌ها با استفاده از واژگان کلیدی کدو، قرآن، حدیث، طب، بیماری، Cucurbita Pepo، Cucurbitaceae، Pumpkin، Medicinal، Holy Quran و مابین سال‌های 2000 تا 2017 صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که علاوه بر این‌که در قرآن و احادیث و روایت به استفاده از کدو توصیه شده است، در طب سنتی ایرانی از آن برای دفع کرم‌ها، درمان یرقان، زخم‌ها، سوختگی‌ها، تب، دل‌پیچه، مالیخولیا، هذیان‌گویی، اسهال شدید، رفع بی‌خوابی، سردرد و انسداد مجاری ادراری استفاده می‌شود. از دیدگاه طب رایج، کدو دارای خواص ضد باکتریایی، ضد ویروسی، ضد کرم، آنتی‌اکسیدانی، ضد التهابی بوده و باعث شادابی، نشاط، افزایش بهره هوشی، کاهش افسردگی، تقویت سیستم ایمنی و پیشگیری از بیماری‌های قلبی عروقی، کبد چرب، دیابت و سرطان می‌گردد. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که توصیه‌های موجود در آیات قرآنی، احادیث پیامبر و امامان و طب سنتی ایران در مورد مصرف گیاهانی نظیر کدو نه‌تنها از روی آگاهی بوده، بلکه بر پایه اصول و منطق علمی بیان شده‌اند که این توصیه‌ها در جهت بهبود سلامتی و افزایش طول عمر انسان می‌باشند و بایستی دقت و تعمق بیشتری را در این منابع به ‌خصوص در مورد دستورات تغذیه‌ای آن‌ها داشت.Background and Aim: Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) belonging to Cucurbitaceae family, is widely cultivated around the world and it is mostly produced in China, India, Ukraine, Egypt and United States of America. It is one of the plants mentioned in the Holy Quran. It has also been used for the treatment of various diseases in traditional and modern medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional and therapeutic properties of this plant in the holy Quran, narrations and hadiths of the prophet Muhammad and Imams, traditional medicine as well as modern medicine according to latest scientific research studies. Materials and Methods: For this review study, the Holy Quran and its interpretations, Islamic Hadiths and narrations, relevant references about traditional Iranian medicine and medicinal plants were studied. Also, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SID, Google Scholar and ISI databases (2000 to 2016) were used with keywords such as Quran, Hadith, medicine, disease, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbitaceae, pumpkin and medicinal. Findings: In the addition to the recommendation of Quran and hadiths about consumption of Pumpkin, in traditional Iranian medicine, it was used for the removal of helminthes, treatment of jaundice, wounds, burns, fever, abdominal cramps, melancholia, delirium, severe diarrhea, insomnia, headache and urinary tract obstruction. In modern medicine, pumpkin has antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant; anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory properties and it can modulate immune system. It is also used for freshness, vitality, increase of intelligence, reduction of depression and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver, diabetes and cancer. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the recommendations contained in the Quran verses, Hadiths of Prophet and Imams and traditional Iranian medicine about the consumption of plants like pumpkin are not only conscious but also based on scientific principles and logic. These recommendations are intended to improve the health and longevity of human. So, more attention should be paid to these resources, especially regarding their nutritional instructions.   Please cite this article as: Moosavy MH, Shavisi N, Khatibi SA. Therapeutic effects of Pumpkin in Islamic Texts, Islamic Iranian Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine. Med Hist J 2018; 9(33): 77-92

Lens thickness assessment: anterior segment optical coherence tomography versus A-scan ultrasonography

AIM: To assess lens thickness measurements with anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in comparison with A-scan ultrasonography (A-scan US). METHODS: There were 218 adult subjects (218 eyes) aged 59.2±9.2y enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Forty-three eyes had open angles and 175 eyes had narrow angles. Routine ophthalmic exam was performed and nuclear opacity was graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Lens thickness was measured by AS-OCT (Visante OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). The highest quality image was selected for each eye and lens thickness was calculated using ImageJ software. Lens thickness was also measured by A-scan US. RESULTS: Interclass correlations showed a value of 99.7% for intra-visit measurements and 95.3% for inter-visit measurements. The mean lens thickness measured by AS-OCT was not significantly different from that of A-scan US (4.861±0.404 vs 4.866±0.351 mm, P=0.74). Lens thickness values obtained from the two instruments were highly correlated overall (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.81, P<0.001), and in all LOCS III specific subgroups except in grade 5 of nuclear opacity. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a 95% limit of agreement from -0.45 to 0.46 mm. Lens thickness difference between the two instruments became smaller as the lens thickness increased and AS-OCT yielded smaller values than A-scan US in thicker lens (β=-0.29, P<0.001) CONCLUSION: AS-OCT-derived lens thickness measurement is valid and comparable to the results obtained by A-scan US. It can be used as a reliable noncontact method for measuring lens thickness in adults with or without significant cataract

Optic nerve head vessel density in different stages of pseudoexfoliation disease

PurposeTo evaluate the superficial vascular density of the optic nerve head in different stages of pseudoexfoliation disease using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 57 normal eyes, 41 eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS), 82 eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and 27 non-glaucomatous fellow eyes of PXG (NL-PXG) that had OCTA were included. Circumpapillary RNFL (cpRNFL) thickness and circumpapillary capillary density (cpCD) were compared among the groups after adjusting for confounders using linear-mixed model.ResultsPXG eyes had thinner global RNFL and lower cpCD (74.2±14.3&nbsp;µm and 36.7±10.0%) than control (103.3±8.6&nbsp;µm and 52.5±2.3%), PXS (96.8±8.8&nbsp;µm and 51.5±2.3%), and NL-PXG eyes (96.3±11.1&nbsp;µm and 50.1±3.9%) (p&lt;0.001). After adjustment for age, gender and signal strength index, global cpRNFL thickness was comparable among control, PXS and NL-PXG. NL-PXG had the lowest cpCD (p=0.045) and sectoral cpCD compared to PXS and control eyes. Although cpCD was comparable between control and PXS (p=0.425) eyes, sectoral differences (p=0.009 and 0.004, for inferonasal and temporal-inferior cpCD, respectively) were detectable between the two groups. AUROC for differentiating NL-PXG eyes from normal were better for cpCD (0.78) compared to cpRNLF (0.69).ConclusionsOCTA can detect reduced capillary density before significant changes in cpRNFL in fellow eyes of PXG patients. This can enable earlier detection of glaucomatous loss in pseudoexfoliation disease and enhance management of the disease

Genetic Association Study Of Exfoliation Syndrome Identifies A Protective Rare Variant At Loxl1 And Five New Susceptibility Loci

Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is the most common known risk factor for secondary glaucoma and a major cause of blindness worldwide. Variants in two genes, LOXL1 and CACNA1A, have previously been associated with XFS. To further elucidate the genetic basis of XFS, we collected a global sample of XFS cases to refine the association at LOXL1, which previously showed inconsistent results across populations, and to identify new variants associated with XFS. We identified a rare protective allele at LOXL1 (p.Phe407, odds ratio (OR) = 25, P = 2.9 x 10(-14)) through deep resequencing of XFS cases and controls from nine countries. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of XFS cases and controls from 24 countries followed by replication in 18 countries identified seven genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)). We identified association signals at 13q12 (POMP), 11q23.3 (TMEM136), 6p21 (AGPAT1), 3p24 (RBMS3) and 5q23 (near SEMA6A). These findings provide biological insights into the pathology of XFS and highlight a potential role for naturally occurring rare LOXL1 variants in disease biology.Wo