Influence of the fuels on the Mechanoluminescence properties of Dy doped ZnAl2O4 phosphors

Most of commercial phosphors consist of suitably doped polycrystalline compounds. The activation means has been usually discussed, less attention has been paid to the influence of fuels on host preparation in the final performance of the products. In this paper different fuels have been followed to synthesize phosphors based on Dy doped ZnAl2O4. The mechanoluminescence (ML) properties of the materials have been given special consideration. Finally, various ML curves have been recorded in order to assess which of the fuel yields the most efficient Dy doped ZnAl2O4 compound. Dy doped ZnAl2O4 compound has been prepared by solution combustion technique with fuels such as urea, hydrazine and carbohydrazide separately. It is observed that urea enhances the ML intensity of the sample used. XRD result confirms formation of the phosphor. It is suggested that recombination of the trapped charge carriers are responsible for ML in this system. Keywords: Mechanoluminescence, defects, dislocations

LEACH Based Method for Prolong the Network Life

In this paper, it focuses at the communication protocols, that can have important effect on the whole energy dissipation of these types of networks. Depend on the observations that the conventional protocols of direct transmission, multi-hop routing, minimum-transmission-energy, and static clustering cannot be better for the sensor networks, it suggest the LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), to equally share the load of energy in the network among the sensors. MANET has a dynamic type of topology because of the movement of portable terminals in the network. These types of mobile terminals are battery operated and need battery resources for the purpose of communication also these types of resources are very limited. This protocol provides help to decrease the power consumption of terminals and also extends the life of battery to enhance the life time of network. This paper, point out on the energy efficient routing protocol that is LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is discovered, by the use of this protocol the performance of network is improved by decreasing the consumption of power of mobile terminals in the network

Clustering Based Routing Protocol LEACH and Its’ Variants: A Review

In clustering technique LEACH is refer as an important protocol of the hierarchical routing protocols that is applied to decrease the loss of energy in disseminating and collecting. This paper is related with definite hierarchical routing protocols that are generated from the LEACH. This paper presents some main points of few problems and drawbacks in LEACH and explained how to recover via the sections of LEACH. In this paper various properties are compared, also accomplishment and problems of all hierarchical routing protocols are compared. In this it is also discussed regarding the LEACH and its several protocols that are depend on hierarchal routing protocol

A Perspective for Clinical Pharmacy Curriculum Development and Validation in Asian Developing Nations

This perspective is a reflection of the Personal teaching experience of the authors. The aim of this perspective is to identify the weaknesses in the pharmacy curriculum development in Asian developing nations and to propose a methodological approach for curriculum validation. It has been seen that improper selection of the course contents were the common limitations found in the pharmacy curriculum in developing nations. Furthermore, lack of facilities and improper student evaluation system were the other flaws that are acting as a main challenge to pharmacy education in developing nations. A systemic way for the curriculum designing and validation can be a solution to manage the observed deficiencies. Keeping in view this motivation a set of task are defined in the form of Pharmacy Curriculum Development and Validation Model (PCDVM) that can be a guideline for the pharmacy educators for the evaluation and validation of the curriculum. Partial or full implementation of this model will enable the pharmacy institutions to deliver quality knowledge to pharmacy students which will further contribute to quality health care system in developing countries

A Landmark Approach to Aphrodisiac Property of Abelmoschus manihot (L.)

The Abelmoschus manihot (L.) commonly reffered to as “Junglee bhindi” is widely used to control fertility, depression and anxiety in traditional Chinese medicine and has potential therapeutic benefit for cardiovascular diseases associated with diabetes mellitus. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of 95% ethanolic extract of Abelmoschus manihot on general mounting frequency, intromission frequency, penile erection index along with body weight/organ weight and sperm count on sexually normal male mice. Two doses i.e. 100and 200 mg/kg b.w. of ethanolic extract administered to Swiss albino mice, showed pronounced anabolic and spermatogenic effect in animals of respective groups. There was a remarkable increased in sperm count and penile erection index and also improved sexual behavior of male mice by increased mount and intromission frequency.The result of the present study signatured for sexual enhancing capacity of the drug Abelmoschus manihot is an individual and also holds good aphrodisiac property when compared with standard drug. It was noticed that a 200 mg/kg b.w. dose of Abelmoschus manihot, the performance rate enhances without any side effect. Therefore, the conclusion suggestive that the Abelmoschus manihot will be a drug of choice or alternative therapy for a marketed product. Which may help the population to lead their sexual life perfectly with full of pleasure to interact body, mind and sole.Keywords: Abelmoschus manihot, Aphrodisiac, Mounting frequency, Intromission frequency, Penile erection index

The QCD equation of state at nonzero densities: lattice result

In this letter we give the equation of state of QCD at finite temperatures and densities. The recently proposed overlap improving multi-parameter reweighting technique is used to determine observables at nonvanishing chemical potentials. Our results are obtained by studying n_f=2+1 dynamical staggered quarks with semi-realistic masses on N_t=4 lattices.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Chondromyxoid fibroma of distal 1/3rd of fibula a rare tumour at rare site

Chondromyxoid fibromas are rare, benign tumours account for <1% of primary bone neoplasms. Most commonly affected in 2nd and 3rdof life. We report one such case of chondromyxoid fibroma in distal fibula of a 15-year-old girl. The patient was managed with lower 3rd fibulectomy and fibular turnoplasty from middle 3rd fibula with 1/3rd tubular plate fixation for stabilization followed by bone grafting. The patient is disease free since 3 years.Keywords: Chondromyxoid fibroma, lower 1/3rd of fibula, Fibular Turnoplast

The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit

The transition temperature ($T_c$) of QCD is determined by Symanzik improved gauge and stout-link improved staggered fermionic lattice simulations. We use physical masses both for the light quarks ($m_{ud}$) and for the strange quark ($m_s$). Four sets of lattice spacings ($N_t$=4,6,8 and 10) were used to carry out a continuum extrapolation. It turned out that only $N_t$=6,8 and 10 can be used for a controlled extrapolation, $N_t$=4 is out of the scaling region. Since the QCD transition is a non-singular cross-over there is no unique $T_c$. Thus, different observables lead to different numerical $T_c$ values even in the continuum and thermodynamic limit. The peak of the renormalized chiral susceptibility predicts $T_c$=151(3)(3) MeV, wheres $T_c$-s based on the strange quark number susceptibility and Polyakov loops result in 24(4) MeV and 25(4) MeV larger values, respectively. Another consequence of the cross-over is the non-vanishing width of the peaks even in the thermodynamic limit, which we also determine. These numbers are attempted to be the full result for the $T$$\neq$0 transition, though other lattice fermion formulations (e.g. Wilson) are needed to cross-check them.Comment: 13 pages 5 figures. Final version, published in Phys.Lett.

District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Pithoragarh

In 1992, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the United States Agency for International Development, New Delhi, began the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (IFPS) under the management of the State Innovation in Family Planning Services Agency (SIFPSA), Lucknow. The goal was to reduce the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh by expanding and improving family planning (FP) services. To achieve this, the IFPS project will support service innovations in the public sector and nongovernmental sectors and through contraceptive social marketing mechanisms. The Baseline Survey in Uttar Pradesh (BSUP) is being undertaken as one important component of the IFPS project. The BSUP is designed to provide information on fertility, FP, and maternal and child health care that will be helpful in monitoring and evaluating population and family welfare policies and programs. SIFPSA has designated the Population Council as the nodal organization responsible for providing technical guidance for the survey. The responsibility of conducting this multicentric survey in the district of Pithoragarh was given to the Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur

District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Nainital

In 1992, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the United States Agency for International Development, New Delhi, began the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (IFPS) under the management of the State Innovation in Family Planning Services Agency (SIFPSA), Lucknow. The goal was to reduce the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh by expanding and improving family planning (FP) services. To achieve this, the IFPS project will support service innovations in the public and nongovernmental sectors and through contraceptive social marketing mechanisms. The Baseline Survey in Uttar Pradesh (BSUP) is being undertaken as one important component of the IFPS project. The BSUP is designed to provide information on fertility, FP, and maternal and child health care that will be helpful in monitoring and evaluating population and family welfare policies and programs. SIFPSA has designated the Population Council as the nodal organization responsible for providing technical guidance for the survey. The Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, will conduct the survey in the district of Nainital