Predictive permanent magnet synchronous generator based small-scale wind energy system at dynamic wind speed analysis for residential net-zero energy building

Integration of small-scale wind energy system to residential buildings for a target to achieve net-zero CO2 emissions is a revolutionary step to reduce the dependency on the national grid. In this paper, a predictive 20 kVA permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based small scale wind turbine is investigated at dynamic wind speed with a sensing control system to manage and monitor the power flow for a supply to a typical residential building. A control system is applied that regulates the power from the wind turbine. Results indicate that the proposed control system maximizes the power efficiency within the system. The maximum power generation capacity of the wind turbine is 20 kWh with 415 VAC and 50 Hz frequency. A storage system of 19.2 kWh that supplies the energy to the load side. The applied control unit improves the energy management and protects the power equipment during the faults. The research is conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK and mathematical formulations

Unilateral Facial Neuralgia A management Dilemma

Objective:  The objective of the study was to assess the significance of clinical examination in   Diagnosis and management of Patient with unilateral facial neuralgia. Study Design:  Observational study. Place and Duration of study:  Out patient clinic and department of ENT and Neurosurgery PGMI LRH Peshawar from IST Nov 2005---31 Oct 2007 (2 years). Material and methods:  Patients presented with unilateral facial neuralgia were assessed in out patient clinic, record keeping about data was assessed during compiling of study. Related investigations were performed to exclude secondary causes of neuralgia. Results:  A total of 1207 patients who presented with unilateral facial pain in two years duration were scrutinized for idiopathic facial neuralgia. 182 (15.07%.) patient were referred to neurosurgeon who were suffering from trigeminal neuralgia.43(3.56)%) patient were subjected to microvascular decompression (MVD).Rest of the patients were treated accordingly.   &nbsp

Selenium alone or in combination with lycopene modifies liver metabolizing enzymes against galactosamine – A time bound study

Background: Hepatitis is one of the major public health problems worldwide. This study was designed to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective effects of lycopene (Lyco) and selenium (Se) against  galactosamine (Gala) induced hepatitis in rats.Materials and Methods: Seventy five (75) male albino rats were grouped into five of fifteen rats each. GP 1: Control. Animals in Groups (II-V) were injected i.p with Gala (300 mg/kg b.w daily) for 5 days. GP III: Rats were orally pretreated with Lyco (15 mg/kg b.w). GP IV: rats were pretreated orally sodium selenite (0.1 mg/kg b.w) by gavages. GP V: Rats treated with both Lyco and Se. The treatment was continuous for 30 days.Results: The levels of serum inflammatory markers interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor TNF- α, nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdhyde (MDA) were markedly elevated in rats injected with Gala compared with control group. Administration of Lyco combined with Se reversed these effects and significantly reduced the levels of these markers (p<0.001) compared with Gala. In addition, combined treatment resulted in a significant improvement in antioxidant activities as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase compared with untreated. Non-significant changes were recorded in the activities of  UDP-glucuronyltransferase and sulphotransferase in rats injected with Gala but the activity of glutathione Stransferase was significantly elevated (p<0.001).Conclusion: The combined effect of Lyco + Se showed a significant hepatoprotective action against Gala induced hepatitis in rats through inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators and enhancement of antioxidant capacity.Key words: Galactosamine- Lycopene- selenium- hepatitis- rats

EVOLUTION OF FRAUD-RELATED THEORIES: A THEORETICAL REVIEW

Background and Purpose: Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) in their report projected that over 4.5 trillion dollars are globally lost due to fraud, with individual organizations losing about 5 per cent of their revenues to fraud annually. Thus, organizations need to understand what contributes to fraud from an individual to organizational perspective, so that strategies to mitigate fraud are formulated. The objective of this paper is to identify various fraud-related theories used in research and their evolution. Subsequently, this study tries to identify the most commonly used fraud theory, approach and unit of analysis.   Methodology: This paper employed a systematic review process and the name of the theory was used as the keyword in the Scopus database to identify papers that discussed the theories. A total of 342 papers were initially identified and analysed after which repeated papers were eliminated. Following this, 39 most recent papers were further analysed to identify the most common theories, research approaches and units of analysis, used in fraud research.   Findings: The analysis found that fraud theories comprised of theories discussing individual factors and organizational factors, which contribute to fraud. The findings further reveal that the Fraud Triangle Theory is the most frequently applied theory in fraud research, where quantitative approach is most adopted with individuals as a unit of analysis.   Contributions: This paper contributes to the growing interest in the study related to fraud by providing a comprehensive analysis of theories related to fraud by bringing together most commonly used theories in fraud research.   Keywords: Fraud theories, theoretical review, social control theory, theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behaviour.   Cite as: Rasheed, F., Said, J., & Khan, N. I. (2023). Evolution of fraud related theories; a theoretical review. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 8(TI), 322-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol8issTIpp322-35

Spectrum of Asymetrical Proptosis

Objectives:  To discuss different aspects of unilateral proptosis in our institutions. Study Design:  Observational study. Place and Duration:  Department of Neurosurgery/Head and Neck, PGMI, Govt Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Pakistan from May 2004 – April 2008. All patients presented to outpatient clinic of Neurosurgery and ENT departments along with referred cases to these both departments were included in this study. These patients were analyzed in detail. Apart from local ENT examination and neurological examination, ophthalmological and systemic examination was also carried out. Relevant investigations were carried out to see the effects on anatomy as well as on physiology of globe. Patients with bilateral proptosis, relative proptosis due to crowzen's syndrome, Apart's syndrome and post traumatic proptosis were excluded. All these patients were managed surgically either individually or as team case by combined approach in the department.  Results:  Thirty eight (38) patients with asymmetrical proptosis in this study were analyzed with regard to their sex, age, site of proptosis, origin and extent, surgical approach adapted, per operative and histological diagnosis. There were 22 male and 16 female patients with male and female ratio of 1.4 and 1. The age range was from 8-65 years with median age of 36.5 years. X-ray skull, PNS and CT brain including orbits and fronto nasal sinuses were done in all cases and MRI in 18 cases.  Conclusion:  Variety of causes is responsible for unilateral proptosis which present in clinical practice to both ENT and Neuro surgeons. Team work helps a lot in making proper protocol

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of stevia extract

Background: The current trend globally is the utilization of natural products as therapeutic agents given its minimum side effects. The leaves of Stevia contain several active ingredient compounds such as rebaudioside. Stevia extract have been used for many purposes. Active oxygen radicals can induce base modifications, DNA breakage, and intracellular protein crosslink's. This study was done to evaluate the potential of stevia extract as antibacterial and antioxidants actions.Materials and methods: Antibacterial activity of different extracts of stevia was tested in vitro against different species of bacteria and hepato-protective efficacy was testes in rats injected with CCl4 as hepatotoxic.Results: Acetone extract exhibited antibacterial activity against selected five bacteria species. The acetone extract suppressed the elevation of serum ALT (p <0.05) and AST (p <0.001) activities induced by CCl4. Animals given stevia extract showed prevention against deleterious effects of CCl4 by lowering lipid peroxidation and enhancement of antioxidant activities as SOD and CAT. The protection trial is better than treatment trial. Total phenolic content of aqueous and acetone extracts were found 30 mg and 85 mg gallic /gm extract respectively. While the total flavonoids were 40 mg and 80 mg quercetin/g respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed that monoterpene and indole are the main components. Aqueous extract don’t show any antibacterial activity against the tested strains. The antioxidant properties were attributable to its phenolic content to scavenge free radicals.Conclusion: Acetone extract possess a potent antimicrobial and activity against deleterious effect of CCl4-caused liver damage.Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidant enzymes, hepatic damage, stevi

An Investigation of Xenoglossophobia among Chinese Postgraduates

The learners of English language frequently convey the feeling of anxiety, nervousness and edginess. The realization of EFL (English as a Foreign language), ESL (English as a Second language) or TL (target language) anxiety among university postgraduates is essential. Once understood, the factors causing anxiety, nervousness and jumpiness can be mitigated and desired aims and goals of communicating in EFL and ESL can be attained. This study sets out to examine the English language anxiety or Xenoglossophobia among Chinese postgraduates.  The participants were selected from department of foreign languages of two well-reputed Chinese universities in Wuhan. Besides, students’ three demographic variables have been used to investigate the English language anxiety i.e. age, gender and time span or years spent in learning English language. Apart from that, three pivotal features of FL or SL, namely communication apprehension (CA), fear of negative evaluation (FNA) and  general  feeling  of  anxiety (GFA)  derived  from  Foreign  Language  Classroom  Anxiety  scale (FLCAS) devised by Horwitz were also a part of this investigation which was modified to English Language  Anxiety Scale (ELAS) as the focal point of this investigation is on L2 or EL. The quantitative research technique was employed for collecting data from 116 Chinese postgraduates majoring in English, both male and female whose ages vary from 20 to 26. The results obtained were analyzed utilizing diverse statistical analysis i.e. Pearson correlation, descriptive statistics, and Multiple Regression. The findings revealed that Chinese learners of English majors experience moderate level of anxiety and no significant correlation was found between English language anxiety and demographic factors. Eventually, Chinese postgraduates were found experiencing mainly “GFA” through Multiple Regression analysis in English as a foreign language

An Investigation of Xenoglossophobia among Chinese Postgraduates

The learners of English language frequently convey the feeling of anxiety, nervousness and edginess. The realization of EFL (English as a Foreign language), ESL (English as a Second language) or TL (target language) anxiety among university postgraduates is essential. Once understood, the factors causing anxiety, nervousness and jumpiness can be mitigated and desired aims and goals of communicating in EFL and ESL can be attained. This study sets out to examine the English language anxiety or Xenoglossophobia among Chinese postgraduates.  The participants were selected from department of foreign languages of two well-reputed Chinese universities in Wuhan. Besides, students’ three demographic variables have been used to investigate the English language anxiety i.e. age, gender and time span or years spent in learning English language. Apart from that, three pivotal features of FL or SL, namely communication apprehension (CA), fear of negative evaluation (FNA) and  general  feeling  of  anxiety (GFA)  derived  from  Foreign  Language  Classroom  Anxiety  scale (FLCAS) devised by Horwitz were also a part of this investigation which was modified to English Language  Anxiety Scale (ELAS) as the focal point of this investigation is on L2 or EL. The quantitative research technique was employed for collecting data from 116 Chinese postgraduates majoring in English, both male and female whose ages vary from 20 to 26. The results obtained were analyzed utilizing diverse statistical analysis i.e. Pearson correlation, descriptive statistics, and Multiple Regression. The findings revealed that Chinese learners of English majors experience moderate level of anxiety and no significant correlation was found between English language anxiety and demographic factors. Eventually, Chinese postgraduates were found experiencing mainly “GFA” through Multiple Regression analysis in English as a foreign language