Management of Student Records: Data Access Right Matrix and Data Sharing

AbstractThis work proposes a procedure to implement a Data Access Policy to ensure the protection of privacy rights of students’ records within higher educational systems. First it reviews the general legal constraints applicable to higher Institutional Data management. Second it reviews the principles of a Coordinated Model. The procedure is based on an Access Right Matrix that assigns data access privileges to Data Users. The first purpose is to handle the common and regular access by rightful users to data needed in their daily routine job through operational interface. The main purpose of the procedure is to handle ad-hoc requests that come from outside the university or from some services which do not have formal access to the data. Data access right matrix is used to grant or reject ad hoc requests based on the following criteria: the degree of sensitivity of the data requested, the number of records requested the purpose of the usage, and finally the privileges and trustworthiness of the requester

Caractérisation du labneh Ambaris, un lait fermenté libanais, et exploration des communautés microbiennes impliquées dans sa réalisation

Le labneh Ambaris est un lait fermenté libanais traditionnellement fabriqué avec du lait cru de chèvre dans des jarres spécifiques en terre cuite. Il est largement apprécié des consommateurs et représente une source de revenue non négligeable pour les producteurs. Nos modes de vie et l’industrialisation des procédés de fabrication questionnent sur le devenir des microorganismes endogènes qui structurent ce produit, patrimoine immatériel du Liban. Le premier objectif de cette thèse, menée dans des conditions réelles de fabrication, était de caractériser le labneh Ambaris en mettant l’accent sur les écosystèmes microbiens impliqués dans sa réalisation. Ainsi, une cartographie de ce lait fermenté, tant sur le plan physicochimique et microbiologique que sur le plan sensoriel a été établie. Les approches multidisciplinaires utilisées et notamment la « Next Generation Sequencing » nous ont fourni une vision globale du labneh Ambaris se présentant sous la forme d’un écosystème microbien complexe dont la biodiversité dépend des exploitations. Ce lait fermenté égoutté est acide (pH moyen de 3,4) et une matière sèche moyenne de 35%. Les espèces bactériennes et fongiques dominantes identifiées sont Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lentilactobacillus kefiri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum et Lactococcus lactis ainsi que Geotrichum candidum et Pichia kudriavzevii. Après construction d’un lexique sensoriel, le labneh Ambaris a été décrit comme ayant un goût acide accompagné d’une odeur et d’une saveur de chèvre. Par comparaison des profils microbiens des produits issus des laits crus et des laits pasteurisés, il semblerait que le lait ne soit pas le seul facteur déterminant de la diversité microbienne (ou du moins pas directement), suggérant des rôles de la flore résidente chez le producteur. Dans la troisième partie de cette thèse, les résultats ont confirmé que les espèces coeur identifiées s’installent précocement dans le produit et y persistent jusqu’à la fin de la maturation avec des abondances variables selon le stade de fermentation. Ils ont aussi suggéré qu’au démarrage de la fermentation, l’éventuelle contribution des flores résiduelles de la jarre, agissant comme starter, serait une piste à explorer. Par la suite, les flores semblent s’équilibrer de façon à évoluer similairement et indépendamment du contenant/ de l’âge du contenant. Les résultats de cette thèse constituent un point de départ et méritent d’être poursuivis pour mieux comprendre les rôles fonctionnels des espèces majoritaires, des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques qui régissent la biodiversité microbienne de ce produit, dans l’objectif de protéger et de valoriser le labneh Ambaris, et in fine de lui donner une place au sein de l'économie nationale et mondiale

Bilateral neck cysts as an isolated sonographic finding in the antenatal detection of fetal aneuploidy: a case report

Isolated fetal lateral neck cysts can represent a cystic hygroma or a developmental remnant cyst. In the absence of an increased nuchal translucency or associated malformations the risk of aneuploidy has been considered negligible. Still, dysmorphology in aneuploid fetuses might not be evident except at a later stage. We report on a case of isolated fetal bilateral neck cysts where aneuploidy was suspected and confirmed despite the lack of associated morphologic abnormalities

Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of a single and a triple-headed toothbrushes in a population of mentally retarded patients

Tooth brushing is a very simple and effective method for removing daily dental deposits and for preventing dental and periodontal diseases. However, it can cause considerable manipulative difficulties among some populations, e.g., young children, physically handicapped and mentally retarded patients. In order to test and compare the efficiency of a newly designed toothbrush (Superbrush® 1 ), we have performed a pilot study on patients staying at the «Reine Fabiola Village N° 1», an institution for patients who are followed for mental retardation at different levels. 30 patients were included in the study, aged between 18 to 40 years. Among these 30, five had to be eliminated for their incapacity to follow the initial training in how to brush their teeth. The comparison was made with a normal single headed tooth brush, in a double blind trial, based on bleeding and plaque indexes, performed on 6 different teeth on day 0,7 and 21. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference between the two types of toothbrushes with respect to the ability of plaque removing and gingivitis prevention, during the period of time of this study. However, the easiness of manipulating this newly designed toothbrush renders it a useful tool for the dental hygiene for this special part of the dental compromised population.Le brossage des dents constitue une méthode simple et efficace pour ôter le dépôt dentaire journalier, et pour empêcher les maladies dentaires et parodontales. Cependant, le brossage peut engendrer des difficultés de manipulation au sein de certaines populations, chez les jeunes enfants par exemple, ou chez les handicapés physiques ou encore chez les retardés mentaux. En vue de tester et de comparer l’efficacité d’une nouvelle brosse à dents avec un nouveau design (Superbrush ® 1), nous avons réalisé une étude pilote sur des patients résidant au «village Reine Fabiola n° 1», une institution pour personnes retardées mentalement à différents niveaux. Notre échantillon s’est composé de 30 patients âgés de 18 à 40 ans. Parmi ceuxci, cinq ont été éliminé suite à leur incapacité de suivre les explications initiales concernant les méthodes de brossage. Nous avons vérifié l’efficacité de la nouvelle brosse en comparant le saignement et les index de plaque dentaire par rapport à ceux obtenus avec une brosse à tête unique. Ces tests ont été réalisés sur 6 dents différentes, au jour 0, 7 et 21. Les résultats de cette étude indiquent qu’il n’y a pas de différences significatives entre les deux types de brosses à dents quant à leur efficacité d’ôter la plaque et d’empêcher les gingivites pendant la période étudiée. Cependant, vu la facilité de manipulation de la nouvelle brosse à dents, celle-ci peut s’avérer être très utile pour l’hygiène dentaire de certaines catégories de population.

Diabetes-related cardiovascular and economic burden in patients hospitalized for heart failure in the US: a recent temporal trend analysis from the National Inpatient Sample

We aimed to study the cardiovascular and economic burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) in the US and to assess the recent temporal trend. Data from the National Inpatient Sample were analyzed between 2005 and 2014. The prevalence of DM increased from 40.4 to 46.5% in patients hospitalized for HF. In patients with HF and DM, mean (SD) age slightly decreased from 71 (13) to 70 (13) years, in which 47.5% were males in 2005 as compared with 52% in 2014 (p trend < 0.001 for both). Surprisingly, the presence of DM was associated with lower in-hospital mortality risk, even after adjustment for confounders (adjusted OR = 0.844 (95% CI [0.828–0.860]). Crude mortality gradually decreased from 2.7% in 2005 to 2.4% in 2014 but was still lower than that of non-diabetes patients’ mortality on a yearly comparison basis. Hospitalization for HF also decreased from 211 to 188/100,000 hospitalizations. However, median (IQR) LoS slightly increased from 4 (2–6) to 4 (3–7) days, so did total charges/stay that jumped from 15,704 to 26,858 USD (adjusted for inflation, p trend < 0.001 for both). In total, the prevalence of DM is gradually increasing in HF. However, the temporal trend shows that hospitalization and in-hospital mortality are on a descending slope at a cost of an increasing yearly expenditure and length of stay, even to a larger extent than in patient without DM

Iron acquisition in Bacillus cereus: the roles of IlsA and bacillibactin in exogenous ferritin iron mobilization

9siIn host-pathogen interactions, the struggle for iron may have major consequences on the outcome of the disease. To overcome the low solubility and bio-availability of iron, bacteria have evolved multiple systems to acquire iron from various sources such as heme, hemoglobin and ferritin. The molecular basis of iron acquisition from heme and hemoglobin have been extensively studied; however, very little is known about iron acquisition from host ferritin, a 24-mer nanocage protein able to store thousands of iron atoms within its cavity. In the human opportunistic pathogen Bacillus cereus, a surface protein named IlsA (Iron-regulated leucine rich surface protein type A) binds heme, hemoglobin and ferritin in vitro and is involved in virulence. Here, we demonstrate that IlsA acts as a ferritin receptor causing ferritin aggregation on the bacterial surface. Isothermal titration calorimetry data indicate that IlsA binds several types of ferritins through direct interaction with the shell subunits. UV-vis kinetic data show a significant enhancement of iron release from ferritin in the presence of IlsA indicating for the first time that a bacterial protein might alter the stability of the ferritin iron core. Disruption of the siderophore bacillibactin production drastically reduces the ability of B. cereus to utilize ferritin for growth and results in attenuated bacterial virulence in insects. We propose a new model of iron acquisition in B. cereus that involves the binding of IlsA to host ferritin followed by siderophore assisted iron uptake. Our results highlight a possible interplay between a surface protein and a siderophore and provide new insights into host adaptation of B. cereus and general bacterial pathogenesis.openopenSegond D; Abi Khalil E; Buisson C; Daou N; Kallassy M; Lereclus D; Arosio P; Bou-Abdallah F; Nielsen Le Roux C.Segond, D; Abi Khalil, E; Buisson, C; Daou, N; Kallassy, M; Lereclus, D; Arosio, Paolo; Bou Abdallah, F; Nielsen Le Roux, C

Autologous transplantation of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells into sheep fetuses

Long-term engraftment and phenotype correction has been difficult to achieve in humans after in utero stem cell transplantation mainly because of allogeneic rejection. Autologous cells could be obtained during gestation from the amniotic fluid with minimal risk for the fetus and the mother. Using a sheep model, we explored the possibility of using amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) for autologous in utero stem cell/gene therapy. We collected amniotic fluid (AF) under ultrasound-guided amniocentesis in early gestation pregnant sheep (n = 9, 58 days of gestation, term = 145 days). AFMSCs were isolated and expanded in all sampled fetal sheep. Those cells were transduced using an HIV vector encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) with 63.2% (range 38.3-96.2%) transduction efficiency rate. After expansion, transduced AFMSCs were injected into the peritoneal cavity of each donor fetal sheep at 76 days under ultrasound guidance. One ewe miscarried twin fetuses after amniocentesis. Intraperitoneal injection was successful in the remaining 7 fetal sheep giving a 78% survival for the full procedure. Tissues were sampled at postmortem examination 2 weeks later. PCR analysis detected GFP-positive cells in fetal tissues including liver, heart, placenta, membrane, umbilical cord, adrenal gland, and muscle. GFP protein was detected in these tissues by Western blotting and further confirmed by cytofluorimetric and immunofluorescence analyses. This is the first demonstration of autologous stem cell transplantation in the fetus using AFMSCs. Autologous cells derived from AF showed widespread organ migration and could offer an alternative way to ameliorate prenatal congenital diseas