6LoWPAN Stack Model Configuration for IoT Streaming Data Transmission over CoAP

Abstract: Different protocols have been developed for the Internet of things (IoT), such as the constrained application protocol (CoAP) for the application layer of the IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) stack model. Data transmitted over 6LoWPAN are limited by the throughput and the frame size defined by IEEE 805.14.5 standards. Choosing the best configuration for data transmission involves a trade off between the application requirements, the constrained network configuration, the constrained device specifications and IoT application protocols. This paper provides an analysis of message size and structure recommendations for the 6LoWPAN stack model for different network topologies using CoAP. CoAP is a promising application protocol for the 6LoWPAN stack model because it can effectively manage the transmission required functionality in small header UDP packets compared to TCP packets. However, a data model is also required to realize an effective IoT model. While fragmentation and reassembly are supported by CoAP, they should be avoided for this type of model. As for any conceptual model, a high configuration between layers is mandatory. Additionally, the proposed message format is useful for semantic web of things application development and for WSN design and management

Initial development of ice crystal ice accretion at conditions related to turbofan operation at high Altitude

Ice accretion on external surfaces of aircraft is a widely recognised problem, but more recently identified problem of ice crystal ice accretion within aero-engine compressors during flight through deep convection systems also represents a significant hazard and forms the motivation for the present work. The experimental studies targeting solid phase ice accretion are very limited due to the high wind tunnel facilities operational cost and safety concern for in-flight icing testing, which requires flight through severe weather conditions. In this study, a small wind tunnel was established to simulate some of the conditions relevant to aircraft engine icing from ice crystals and explore the application of a model for the initiation of ice accretion. In this facility, liquid nitrogen was used to freeze liquid water droplets generated using an ultrasonic nozzle. The liquid nitrogen section reduces the droplet temperature to less than -40 �C and maintains this temperature for su�cient time to ensure complete freezing occurs. The particle diameters were controlled by the air and water pressure delivered to the ultrasonic nozzle and particle diameters around 50 �m were generated. The ice water content was also measured experimentally and it was found to be around 0:42 g/m3. A temperature controller was developed to keep the specimen surface temperature essentially constant and four specimen surface temperatures were tested: -9, -5, 0, and 5 degrees �C. The wind tunnel duct had a diameter of 70mm and was operated at the relatively low flow speed of 6:5 m/s. A cylinder with diameter of 10mm and flat plate surface with length of 3:6 cm and a leading edge diameter of 3mm were used as the test specimens. A microscope video camera was used to visualise a small area on the specimen surface of 9x�9mm and record the initiation of the accretion process. The experimental data were analysed using image processing techniques, and di�erent locations around the centre line of the test specimens in the vicinity of the stagnation point were investigated. Two regions with different roughness were used on both specimens with an average roughness (Ra) for the smooth side of 0:5 �m and 1:0 �m for the rough side, but no effect of the surface roughness was observed in the experimental accretion results for these conditions. The mathematical model for accretion initiation which was developed considers the aerodynamic, adhesive, and friction force a�ecting the particles in contact with the surface. The model indicates that ice accretion can occur at subfreezing conditions in the stagnation region and this effect was observed in the present experiments. The model also indicates that accretion is less likely to occur as the temperature increases due to reductions in the coe�cient of friction. Such an effect was also observed in the experiments: accretion occurred most rapidly in the -9 degrees �C case but virtually no accretion was registered in the 0 degrees �C and 5 degrees �C cases. Although the mathematical model suggested the accretion could also initiate on a flat plate with a laminar boundary layer, this was not observed experimentally. The lack of the accretion in the laminar boundary layer configuration is attributed to the �finite leading edge diameter on which substantial ice accretion was observed. The rate of accretion development on the leading edge of the flat plate was comparable to that on the large diameter cylinder specimen which is not consistent with the trends suggested by the mathematical model. The new wind tunnel duct conditions can be controlled and solid ice particles of a uniform shape and known size distribution can be produced. The development of the new facility and the force-balance model has established useful tools which can be further enhanced in future ice accretion studies

Study Of Trace Elements In Hair From A Selected Male Population In Penang And Fallujah Using Xrf

The state of Penang encompasses an industrial region with a potential for the existence of a variety of industrial pollutants which would certainly have a possible impact on the environment and the people. Similarly, the city of Fallujah in Iraq has been exposed to a lot of toxic materials in the form of chemical weapons during the war in 2004. Such exposure would certainly have a detrimental impact on the environment and the people in these two cities. Although it has been argued that knowledge of the natural levels of trace elements in hair is extremely essential for assessing the degree of human contamination in areas where these elements are expected to show anomalous concentrations, these data from hair samples from Penang and Fallujah are not available. In this study, arsenic, mercury, lead, iron, copper and zinc in hair samples from Penang and Fallujah were analysed to assess the environmental uptake of these elements. The natural levels of trace elements in hair were hence monitored as reference values for the assessment of the possible human contamination levels. In this work, the concentrations of Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb in human scalp hair of 100 residents of Penang and 28 in Fallujah were determined using XRF

الركن المعنوي للجريمة في نصوص قانون العقوبات القطري: نقد واقتراحات

This paper discusses mens rea as an element of crime, examining the legislative wording of mens rea and the vital role that this wording plays in the formation of the mens rea element in the Qatari Penal Code. The purpose of this paper is to improve the legislative wording of mens rea in the Qatari Penal Code. This paper also addresses general questions about how criminal mens rea relates to criminal justice, what makes mens rea ambiguous, and how we can solve this ambiguity. More seriously, this paper seeks to determine whether legislative omission contributes to the ambiguity of mens rea, thus adversely affecting criminal justice. In conclusion, this paper offers recommendations for the Qatari Penal Code to improve its approach to mens rea.يهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن العيوب التشريعية في نصوص قانون العقوبات القطري الصادر عام 2004 والمتعلقة بالنصوص التي ناقشت الركن المعنوي. حيث يناقش هذا البحث مسألة عدم وجود صياغة تشريعية سليمة لتحديد أنواع الركن المعنوي والمتمثلة بالقصد الجنائي والخطأ غير العمدي. كما يناقش البحث مسألة عدم وجود معايير وضوابط لتحديد مدى توافر عنصر الركن المعنوي لدى المتهم من عدمه. بالإضافة إلى ما تم ذكره، إن المشرع القطري لم يحدد تعريف لصورة القصد المباشر وصورة القصد الاحتمالي في نص المادة رقم 32 من قانون العقوبات القطري، واللتين تعدان صورتان هامتان من صور القصد الجنائي. ومن مشاكل البحث، عدم وجود تعريف واضح لأنواع الخطأ غير العمدي والمتمثلة بصورة الخطأ الواعي وصورة الخطأ غير الواعي في المادة رقم 32 من قانون العقوبات القطري. كما تعد مشكلة الجمع بالعقوبة بين جميع أنواع الخطأ غير العمدي مخالفة أساسية لفكرة تناسب العقوبة والتي تشترط أن تكون العقوبة متناسبة ومتسقة مع الحالة الذهنية والنفسية للجاني. وفي نهاية البحث، يقدم الباحث الحلول والاقتراحات لتطوير نصوص قانون العقوبات القطري التي تناقش الركن المعنوي وذلك لتنجب الأضرار الناتجة عن هذه المشكلات القانونية

Mens Rea in Qatar’s Penal Code: Criticisms and Recommendations

يهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن العيوب التشريعية في نصوص قانون العقوبات القطري الصادر عام 2004 والمتعلقة بالنصوص التي ناقشت الركن المعنوي. حيث يناقش هذا البحث مسألة عدم وجود صياغة تشريعية سليمة لتحديد أنواع الركن المعنوي والمتمثلة بالقصد الجنائي والخطأ غير العمدي. كما يناقش البحث مسألة عدم وجود معايير وضوابط لتحديد مدى توافر عنصر الركن المعنوي لدى المتهم من عدمه. بالإضافة إلى ما تم ذكره، إن المشرع القطري لم يحدد تعريف لصورة القصد المباشر وصورة القصد الاحتمالي في نص المادة رقم 32 من قانون العقوبات القطري، واللتين تعدان صورتان هامتان من صور القصد الجنائي. ومن مشاكل البحث، عدم وجود تعريف واضح لأنواع الخطأ غير العمدي والمتمثلة بصورة الخطأ الواعي وصورة الخطأ غير الواعي في المادة رقم 32 من قانون العقوبات القطري. كما تعد مشكلة الجمع بالعقوبة بين جميع أنواع الخطأ غير العمدي مخالفة أساسية لفكرة تناسب العقوبة والتي تشترط أن تكون العقوبة متناسبة ومتسقة مع الحالة الذهنية والنفسية للجاني. وفي نهاية البحث، يقدم الباحث الحلول والاقتراحات لتطوير نصوص قانون العقوبات القطري التي تناقش الركن المعنوي وذلك لتنجب الأضرار الناتجة عن هذه المشكلات القانونية.This paper discusses mens rea as an element of crime, examining the legislative wording of mens rea and the vital role that this wording plays in the formation of the mens rea element in the Qatari Penal Code. The purpose of this paper is to improve the legislative wording of mens rea in the Qatari Penal Code. This paper also addresses general questions about how criminal mens rea relates to criminal justice, what makes mens rea ambiguous, and how we can solve this ambiguity. More seriously, this paper seeks to determine whether legislative omission contributes to the ambiguity of mens rea, thus adversely affecting criminal justice. In conclusion, this paper offers recommendations for the Qatari Penal Code to improve its approach to mens rea

PROBLEMATICS OF THE POSITION OF NOTARY IN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND INFORMATION

In the development of technology and information, digitalization needs to be carried out to support the duties and positions of a notary. As a way of adaptation, notaries can implement cyber notaries with positive benefits. Cyber Notary is a concept of utilizing technology that can assist notaries in carrying out their duties. Although there are many positive benefits, there are also obstacles to its application in Indonesia. The goal to be achieved in this research is to find out the problems faced by notaries in going digital, in order to find solutions in an effort to support the notary's duties. The method used is a normative juridical method, with an approach to related laws, and a conceptual approach. From the research results obtained, it is concluded that there are statutory constraints that are still contradictory in implementing Cyber Notary if it is implemented, it can lead to legal conflicts for notaries. As a solution, harmonization of applicable laws is needed.In the development of technology and information, digitalization needs to be carried out to support the duties and positions of a notary. As a way of adaptation, notaries can implement cyber notaries with positive benefits. Cyber Notary is a concept of utilizing technology that can assist notaries in carrying out their duties. Although there are many positive benefits, there are also obstacles to its application in Indonesia. The goal to be achieved in this research is to find out the problems faced by notaries in going digital, in order to find solutions in an effort to support the notary's duties. The method used is a normative juridical method, with an approach to related laws, and a conceptual approach. From the research results obtained, it is concluded that there are statutory constraints that are still contradictory in implementing Cyber Notary if it is implemented, it can lead to legal conflicts for notaries. As a solution, harmonization of applicable laws is needed

The implementation of student automation evaluation system using SAS/IntrNet

Academic and Student Information System (‘4SIS) was developed by Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) to provide information and facilities to process students’ results submitted by UUM lecturers. These functionalities were a part of the whole processes of student information system currently implemented in UUM. But, the constraint was arisen when the current system unable to provide a facility to assist the lecturers to manage the score and perform an evaluation on students’ performance through assignments, quizzes, tests, projects and final examination. Thus, we have developed a system to provide these facilities and become complimentary to the current system - ASIS. The system was developed using PowerDynamo as a front-end and SAS/lntrNet@ as a flavor in ingredients to enrich the output and enhancing interface functionality. The system allows lecturers to create a temporary workspace to input and edit the fields mentioned. The number of fields and the percentage of each field to store score on students’ assessment are determined by the lecturer itself. The system will calculate the contribution of each field and store as a total coursework. With SAS/IntrNet@ the performances of the students’ grades were easily evaluated prior the final scores submitted for result processing. Finally, the total coursework and final examination scores will be submitted online to ASIS when instructed by the lecturers and this will end the student examination processes. Furthermore, the system has successfully supported the implementation of Student Advisory System by providing useful information to the lecturer (Mentor) in order to advice students (Mentee) more effectively, whose main purpose is to help and assist UUM students to boost their academic performance

EFFECTS OF MALTODEXTRIN AS FAT REPLACER ON THE CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BARAZEQ, GHURIBEH AND MA'AMUL

ABSTRACT   Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the effect of maltodextrinas fat replacer at various levels on some structural and sensory properties of Ma'amul, Barazeq and Ghuribeh.Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fat replacing with maltodextrin at various levels (i.e., 10, 20, 30, and 40%) on Ma'amul, Barazeq and Ghuribeh chemical and quality characteristicsResults:Fat and energy were significantly (P<0.05) reduced with the increase of maltodextrin level in these bakery products. Overall acceptance, flavor, color and softness of Ma'amul, Barazeq and Ghuribeh were not significantly affected by the replacement in ratio ranging from 10-20% when compared to controls. Greater replacements (i.e., 30 and 40% maltodextrin) showed significant reduction on sensory acceptability of the three products.Conclusion:Ma'amul, Barazeq and Ghuribeh are rich fat traditional sweet bakery products that are usually consumed in the Middle East. The maximum fat level that could be replaced in Ma'amul, Barazeq and Ghuribeh were 40%, 30% and 20%, respectively.  Keyword: Fat Replacer, Brazzaq, Ma'amul, Ghuribeh, Maltodextrin, Sensory properties