Schistosomiasis and Cancer in Egypt: Review

AbstractSchistosomiasis is not known to be associated with any malignant disease other than bladder cancer. Bladder cancer is still the most common malignant tumor among males in Egypt and some African and Middle East countries. However, the frequency rate of bladder cancer has declined significantly during the last 25years. This drop is mainly related to the control of Schistosomiasis. Many studies have elucidated the pathogenic events of Schistosomal-related bladder cancer with a suggested theory of pathogenesis. Furthermore, the disease presents with a distinct clinicopathologic profile that is quite different from bladder cancer elsewhere with younger age at presentation, more male predominance, more invasive stages, and occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma pathologic subtype. However, recent data suggest that this profile has been dramatically changed over the past 25years leading to minimization of the differences between its features in Egypt and that in Western countries. Management of muscle-invasive localized disease is mainly surgery with 5-year survival rates of 30–50%. Although still a debatable issue, adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have improved treatment outcomes including survival and bladder preservation rates in most studies. This controversy emphasizes the need of individualized treatment options based on a prognostic index or other factors that can define the higher risk groups where more aggressive therapy is needed. The treatment for locally advanced and/or metastatic disease has passed through a series of clinical trials since 1970s. These phase II and III trials have included the use of single agent and combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens. The current standard of systemic chemotherapy of generally fit patients is now the gemcitabine–cisplatin combination. In conclusion, a changing pattern of bladder cancer in Egypt is clearly observed. This is mainly due to the success in the control of Schistosomiasis. It may also be due to increased exposure to other etiologic factors that include smoking, pesticides, and/or other causative agents. This change will ultimately affect disease management

Developing Mobile Application for the E-commerce for the UUM Students Community

Additionally, internet commerce continues to grow rapidly, with growing customers. The new integrations nowadays, obtained for customer to browse their certain information via Web and WAP services. This study has been suggest the using of WAP technology to help UUM students for browsing their enquire about the different items, otherwise, the reason of this services can simply presents the easily way and flexibility to access the information at any time in any location. This research introduces a WAP application that provides the UUM students with the service of the other information that most of the students need it in order to reduce the time and the effort for them. By using this technology, students can easily get necessary information about the item information, name, description, and prices. Moreover, the system supports students to add new item to the system. Mobile E-commerce guide system for UUM students has been tested to and evaluated to identify the system usability

Initial deformations of plain woven fabrics.

This work is an attempt to provide simple formulae that can predict the initial behaviour of the most commonly used fabric, namely the plain weave. To achieve this, a simple zigzag shape 'saw-tooth model' was adopted to describe the yarn configuration in the weave structure. An energy method, using Castigliano's theorem, was then employed to derive closed form solutions which relate the yarn parameters and the fabric moduli under either tensile or bending strains. To examine the theory, series of tests were carried out on different plain weave structures and the theoretically calculated results were compared with the actual fabric behaviour. The outcome of the study showed that, when the yarn and fabric parameters are accurately defined, it is possible to obtain a reasonable estimate of the above mentioned fabric properties using the formulae derived in the theoretical analysis. The results and discussion also showed that the initial deformation of some plain weave constructions may produce extension and/or compression strain energies that cannot be ignored in estimating the fabric behaviour with reasonable accuracy

The impact of bank credit on investment and public spending in Iraq for the period (2005-2021)

Purpose: The current study aims at examining the reality of bank credit, analyzing, and estimating investment and public spending in Iraq. The research also aims at showing the impact of bank credit on investment and public spending in Iraq. Theoretical framework: Bank credit has an instrumental and effective part in financing most economic activities, which contributes to revitalizing the national economy by organizing and developing short, medium and long-term financing mechanisms. As for investment and public spending, they reflect the development of the economy and the extent of financial and monetary stability that the country has. Methodology: For reaching the research methodology, the inductive approach was adopted to study the total facts through formulating economic analysis descriptively by using modern standard tools in economic analysis to show the impact of bank credit on investment and public spending. Finding: It was concluded that bank credit has a key role, especially in financing investment projects that require great funds in order to create a favorable climate for investment. The relationship between bank credit and investment is a direct relationship. Research, scientific and social implications: The study identifies investment financing and public spending and how bank credit can meet this financing through the bank strategies. The study also determines which of the two variables, investment and public spending, is most affected by bank credit

Nutritional Status of Primary School Children from Low Income Households in Jordan

Background and objectives: Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 recommended for children nutrition had expanded beyond "getting enough" to include healthy eating to reduce the risk of chronic disease at adolescent and adult age. The aims of this study were to examine the nutritional status and reveal any gender differences among school aged children 6-12 years old from low income household in Jordan. Design and setting, method: A descriptive exploratory approach used in conducting this research, the present study was carried out between January and June 2011. Two basic variables (height and weight) and a single derived variable (body mass index) have been used in the present study. Researchers used BMI_group_calculator_Metric. This calculator computes BMI and BMI percentiles for individual children in a group using height and weight measurements, sex, date of birth, and date of measurement information. Results The age range of the children was 6-12 years old with an average age of 7.1±0.88 years. Children's BMI-for- Age presented that normal BMI for (71%) from total school age children as (66% girls) and (71% boys)while overweight children (24%,17% boys and 33% girls) . Conclusion Malnutrition is a major health problem among Palestine refugee's school age children. Children's BMI-for- Age presented that normal BMI for from total school age children as Underweight, overweight as well as obese children with non-ignorable levels. Keywords: Nutritional status, school aged childre

Metastatic Eccrine Porocarcinoma Respond to Combination Chemotherapy Docetaxel, Cisplatin and Infusion 5 FU with Long Disease Control

Introduction: Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare tumor. It develops from the intraepidermal ductal portion of the eccrine sweat gland. Many chemotherapeutic agents were reported to have efficacy in treatment of metastatic EPC; two of very effective agents were docetaxel and 5FU.Case Presentation: We are reporting a case of 60 years old female who was diagnosed as metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma to mediastinum which was treated by systemic chemotherapy in the form of DCF: docetaxel 75 mg/m2 D1, cisplatin 75 mg/m2 D1 and continues infusion 5FU 750 mg/m2 from D1 to D4, and this regimen was repeated every 28 days for 6 cycles.Conclusion: DCF regimen can be one of the best options for stage IV EPC with long overall survival and best response rate

Experimental design for the microbiological four – plate test for the detection of sulphadimidine residues at the levels 218

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the reference four-plate test (FPT) for the detection of sulphadimidine residues. The test agar, trimethoprim (TMP) and Bacillus subtilis BGA as test organism were used in the study. After determining the minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) for sulphadimidine, the potential effects of selected parameters (pH value of agar medium, TMP concentration, addition of dextrose to the agar medium and use of distilled or deionised water as solvents) on the increasing sensitivity of the method or on lowering of the MIC for sulphadimidine were studied. It was demonstrated that the sensitivity of FPT was 1 µg.ml -1 only. The addition of TMP to the agar medium at the concentration of 0.10 or 0.15 µg.ml -1 significantly increased (P<0.05) the sensitivity of the method from the viewpoint of detecting the presence of sulphadimidine residues at the level of the MRL (0.01 µg.ml -1 ). The using of deionised water significantly increased the diameters of inhibition zones (P<0.05). The different pH values of agar media had only a minor effect on the inhibition zone diameter. At pH 7.0 and 7.2, the MICs were equal