Morfometrijsko istraživanje kralježnične moždine u plodova koji potječu od majki oboljelih od dijabetesa.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on the foetal spinal cord. Sixteen adult female rats were divided into two equal groups. Diabetes was induced in one group by alloxan. Both groups became pregnant by natural mating. At days 17, 18, 19 and 20 of pregnancy, the spinal cord was collected from the foetuses of all rats, and the body mass and number of foetuses were also measured. Various histological parameters were determined using routine histological techniques. The results revealed a decrease in the transverse diameter of the spinal cord, the transverse diameter of central canal, the number of cells in the white and gray matters and an increase in the vertical diameter of the spinal cord and the vertical diameter of the central canal in the foetuses of diabetic mothers (FDM) as compared to the control group. The body mass of FDM was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the control and the number of foetuses in FDM was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control. Maternal hyperglycaemia exhibited deleterious effects on the spinal cord during foetal life, which affected the shape, structure and cell number of the spinal cord.Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti učinke dijabetesa majke na kralježničnu moždinu ploda. Šesnaest odraslih štakorica bilo je podijeljeno u dvije jednake skupine. U jednoj skupini dijabetes je bio izazvan aloksanom. Obje skupine štakorica ostale su gravidne nakon parenja. Tijekom 17., 18., 19. i 20. dana gravidnosti prikupljene su kralježnične moždine plodova od svih štakorica te su tom prilikom utvrđeni podatci za masu tijela i broj plodova. Uporabom rutinskih histoloških tehnika utvrđeni su različiti histološki pokazatelji. Rezultati su pokazali da je kod plodova od majki s dijabetesom u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom došlo do smanjivanja transverzalnog dijametra kralježnične moždine, transverzalnog dijametra središnjeg kanala, broja stanica u bijeloj i sivoj supstanciji te povećanje vertikalnog dijametra kralježnične moždine i vertikalnog dijametra središnjeg kanala. Tjelesna masa fetusa od majki s dijabetesom bila je statistički značajno veća (P<0,05) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu, a broj plodova kod istih majki bio je statistički značajno manji (P<0,05)u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Hiperglikemija majki imala je štetan učinak na kralježničnu moždinu tijekom fetalnog života, što je imalo utjecaj na njezin oblik, strukturu i broj stanica

Evaluation of maternal diabetes effects on Lumbosacral portion of spinal cord in neonate rats by morphometry

زمینه و هدف: دیابت یکی از مشکلات جامعه است که در قسمت های مختلف بدن بیمار تاثیرات سوء می گذارد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات دیابت مادری روی ناحیه شبکه کمری- خاجی نخاع شوکی در نوزادان متولد شده از مادران دیابتی (ODM) در مقایسه با مادران سالم (گروه کنترل) بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی شانزده سر موش صحرایی ماده سالم به دو گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند. در یکی از گروه ها با تزریق آلوکسان (mg/kg 145) دیابت ایجاد گردید. هر دو گروه توسط جفتگیری طبیعی باردار شدند. پس از زایمان از نوزادان آنها در روزهای 7و14و21و28 نمونه گیری از ناحیه کمری- خاجی نخاع بعمل آمد و پارامترهای بافتی مختلفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همزمان با نمونه گیری وزن نوزادان اندازه گیری شد. داده ها به کمک آزمون آماری t دانشجویی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: وزن نوزادان مادران دیابتی در مقایسه با کنترل به طور متوسط 2/21 بیشتر بود (05/0PP). نتیجه گیری: هیپرگلسیمی ناشی از دیابت مادری در دوران جنینی می تواند سبب اختلال در تشکیل طبیعی نخاع شوکی و بویژه در ناحیه کمری- خاجی شود و این اختلال موجب بروز ناهنجاری های مختلفی از جمله تغییر در شکل نخاع و تعداد نورون های موجود در ماده خاکستری می گردد

Morfometrijsko istraživanje kralježnične moždine u plodova koji potječu od majki oboljelih od dijabetesa.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on the foetal spinal cord. Sixteen adult female rats were divided into two equal groups. Diabetes was induced in one group by alloxan. Both groups became pregnant by natural mating. At days 17, 18, 19 and 20 of pregnancy, the spinal cord was collected from the foetuses of all rats, and the body mass and number of foetuses were also measured. Various histological parameters were determined using routine histological techniques. The results revealed a decrease in the transverse diameter of the spinal cord, the transverse diameter of central canal, the number of cells in the white and gray matters and an increase in the vertical diameter of the spinal cord and the vertical diameter of the central canal in the foetuses of diabetic mothers (FDM) as compared to the control group. The body mass of FDM was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the control and the number of foetuses in FDM was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control. Maternal hyperglycaemia exhibited deleterious effects on the spinal cord during foetal life, which affected the shape, structure and cell number of the spinal cord.Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti učinke dijabetesa majke na kralježničnu moždinu ploda. Šesnaest odraslih štakorica bilo je podijeljeno u dvije jednake skupine. U jednoj skupini dijabetes je bio izazvan aloksanom. Obje skupine štakorica ostale su gravidne nakon parenja. Tijekom 17., 18., 19. i 20. dana gravidnosti prikupljene su kralježnične moždine plodova od svih štakorica te su tom prilikom utvrđeni podatci za masu tijela i broj plodova. Uporabom rutinskih histoloških tehnika utvrđeni su različiti histološki pokazatelji. Rezultati su pokazali da je kod plodova od majki s dijabetesom u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom došlo do smanjivanja transverzalnog dijametra kralježnične moždine, transverzalnog dijametra središnjeg kanala, broja stanica u bijeloj i sivoj supstanciji te povećanje vertikalnog dijametra kralježnične moždine i vertikalnog dijametra središnjeg kanala. Tjelesna masa fetusa od majki s dijabetesom bila je statistički značajno veća (P<0,05) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu, a broj plodova kod istih majki bio je statistički značajno manji (P<0,05)u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Hiperglikemija majki imala je štetan učinak na kralježničnu moždinu tijekom fetalnog života, što je imalo utjecaj na njezin oblik, strukturu i broj stanica

Third eyelid in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus): a morphological and histological study

The Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) is native to parts of Asia, Iran. The purpose of this study was to describe the gross anatomy of the cartilage and histology of the superficial gland of the third eyelid of two adult mongooses. The animals, in terminal stages of disease and near death due to aging or unknown reasons, were referred from Park Zoo (Shiraz, Iran) to our center. By using a modified maceration technique, the morphological characteristics of the cartilage were examined. For histological examinations of the superficial gland of the third eyelid, the samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Also, to detect the elastic fibers in the cartilage sections were stained with orcein and Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin. The cartilage consisted of an ovoid appendix and a mild reverse sigmoid crossbar. Elastic fibers were scattered throughout the cartilage but were more concentrated in the center. The superficial gland of the third eyelid was compound tubuloacinar with serous acini.

Study of the effect of Panax ginseng extract on histomorphometric changes on cerebrum and cerebellum in 14 days offsprings rat from diabetic mothers

Introduction: Gestational diabetes induces developmental disorders in different parts of CNS and can change dimensions of the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord. Different species of ginseng have been used for many years to control diabetes. This study investigated effect of extract of Panax ginseng on histomorphometric changes on cerebrum and cerebellum in 14 days offsprings rat from diabetic mothers. Methods: 16 rats were divided into four groups: non-diabetic control, non-diabetic recipient of the extract, diabetic control and diabetic recipient of the extract. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in diabetic groups and all 4 groups became pregnant. During pregnancy, recipient of the extract groups received ginseng extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight every day. 14 days of normal delivery; offsprings were anesthetized. The cerebrum and cerebellum was removed by cutting the skull. After the using the techniques of histology, Thickness of gray matter, thickness of white matter, the number of cells in the gray matter in 1 mm2, the number of cells in white matter in 1 mm2, the ratio of gray matter to white matter (in cerebrum and cerebellum), molecular layer thickness of cerebrum in gray matter, purkinje cell thickness in gray matter in cerebellum were measured. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and ANOVA and Duncan statistical tests (P&le;0.05). Results: A significant reduction was observed in thickness and cell count of gray matter of cerebrum and cell count of white matter of cerebellum in diabetic control group than non-diabetic groups (control and recipient of the extract groups) (P&le;0.05). Also a significant reduction was observed in cell count of white matter of cerebrum in diabetic control group than other groups (non-diabetic control, non-diabetic recipient of the extract and diabetic recipient of the extract groups) (P&le;0.05). Conclusion:&nbsp; Extract of Panax ginseng can control hyperglycemia and reduce disorders on the cerebrum and cerebellum in offsprings of mothers with gestational diabetes by increasing insulin production, inhibition of insulin resistance, increasing &beta;-cells stimulation and reduction of blood sugar. So this plant can be offered as a suitable option for making a medicine to combat gestational diabetes. &nbsp; &nbsp

The effect of Panax ginseng extract on histomorphometric changes on brachial plexus region of the spinal cord in 20 days fetuses of diabetic rats

Background & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by increased levels of glucose. Ginseng has been used to control the diabetes for many years ago. This study investigated the effect of Panax ginseng extract on histomorphometric changes on brachial plexus region of spinal cord in 20 days fetuses of diabetic rats. Material & Methods: 16 rats were divided into four groups: non-diabetic control, non-diabetic recipient of the extract, diabetic control and diabetic recipient of the extract. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in diabetic groups and all groups became pregnant. During pregnancy, recipient of the extract groups received ginseng extract every day. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the mothers were anesthetized, and the fetuses were obtained. Brachial region of the spinal cord with vertebral column separated after using the techniques of histology, some histological factors were measured. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and ANOVA and Duncan statistical tests (P≤0.05). Results: A significant difference was observed in the transverse and vertical diameter of central canal of the spinal cord in brachial plexus region of fetuses in diabetic control group than non-diabetic groups (P≤0.05). A significant reduction was observed in height of ependymal cells and cell count of gray matter of spinal cord in diabetic control group than other groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Extract of Panax ginseng can control hyperglycemia and manage diabetes on spinal cord in fetuses of mothers with gestational diabetes by increasing β-cells stimulation and increasing insulin production