Convergence of an Explicit Iterative Leap-frog Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Time-domain Maxwell's Equations in Anisotropic Materials

We propose an explicit iterative leap-frog discontinuous Galerkin method for time-domain Maxwell's equations in anisotropic materials and derive its convergence properties. The a priori error estimates are illustrated by numerical means in some experiments. Motivated by a real application which encompasses modeling electromagnetic wave's propagation through the eye's structures, we simulate our model in a 2D domain aiming to represent a simple example of light scattering in the outer nuclear layer of the retina.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Understanding the Relationship between Online Discussions and Bitcoin Return and Volume: Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis

This thesis examines Bitcoin related discussions on Bitcointalk.com over the 2013-2022 period. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling algorithm, we discover eight distinct topics: Mining, Regulation, Investment/trading, Public perception, Bitcoin’s nature, Wallet, Payment, and Other. Importantly, we find differences in relations between different topics’ sentiment, disagreement (proxy for uncertainty) and hype (proxy for attention) on one hand and Bitcoin return and trading volume on the other hand. Specifically, among all topics, only the sentiment and disagreement of Investment/trading topic have significant contemporaneous relation with Bitcoin return. In addition, sentiment and disagreement of several topics, such as Mining and Wallet, show significant relationships with Bitcoin return only on the tails of the return distribution (bullish and bearish markets). In contrast, sentiment, disagreement, and hype of each topic show significant relation with Bitcoin volume across the entire distribution. In addition, whereas hype has a positive relation with trading volume in a low-volume market, this relation becomes negative in a high-volume market

A Thematic and Etymological Glossary of Aquatic and Bird Genera Names in Iranian Bundahišm

The purpose of this study is to present a thematic and etymological glossary of aquatic and bird genera names which have been mentioned in Iranian Bundahišn. In this research, after arranging animal names in Persian alphabetic order in their respective genus, first the transliteration and transcription of animal names in middle Persian language are provided. Afterwards, the part of Bundahišn that contains the actual animal names and the relevant translations are mentioned. The etymology of every animal name is described by considering the morphemic source. Finally, mention is made of the mythology connected to the animal and the animal category in Iranian Bundahišn (if available), and the way in which the words have changed from Old Persian up to now. Changes in the name of every animal from the ancient languages such as Indo-European, Sanskrit, Old Persian and Avestan to middle languages such as Pahlavi, Sogdian, Khotanese, and Chorasmian and how the name appears in new Iranian languages and dialects such as Behdini (Gabri), Kurdi, Baluchi and Yaghnobi are also referred to

Evaluation of maternal diabetes effects on Lumbosacral portion of spinal cord in neonate rats by morphometry

زمینه و هدف: دیابت یکی از مشکلات جامعه است که در قسمت های مختلف بدن بیمار تاثیرات سوء می گذارد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات دیابت مادری روی ناحیه شبکه کمری- خاجی نخاع شوکی در نوزادان متولد شده از مادران دیابتی (ODM) در مقایسه با مادران سالم (گروه کنترل) بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی شانزده سر موش صحرایی ماده سالم به دو گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند. در یکی از گروه ها با تزریق آلوکسان (mg/kg 145) دیابت ایجاد گردید. هر دو گروه توسط جفتگیری طبیعی باردار شدند. پس از زایمان از نوزادان آنها در روزهای 7و14و21و28 نمونه گیری از ناحیه کمری- خاجی نخاع بعمل آمد و پارامترهای بافتی مختلفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همزمان با نمونه گیری وزن نوزادان اندازه گیری شد. داده ها به کمک آزمون آماری t دانشجویی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: وزن نوزادان مادران دیابتی در مقایسه با کنترل به طور متوسط 2/21 بیشتر بود (05/0PP). نتیجه گیری: هیپرگلسیمی ناشی از دیابت مادری در دوران جنینی می تواند سبب اختلال در تشکیل طبیعی نخاع شوکی و بویژه در ناحیه کمری- خاجی شود و این اختلال موجب بروز ناهنجاری های مختلفی از جمله تغییر در شکل نخاع و تعداد نورون های موجود در ماده خاکستری می گردد

The Effect of Suffusion Phenomenon in the Increasing of Land Subsidence Rate

Land subsidence is defined as gradually ground surface settlement in an aquifer due to the compaction of unconsolidated sedimentary deposits. Since in an aquifer, deposits consist of cohesive or non-cohesive alluvial soil layers. The consolidation theory cannot be explained as the only reason for land subsidence. According to the susceptibility of alluvial soils to suffusion, internal erosion is also considerable to enhance the rate of the local settlement. Suffusion is explained as a process of soil particle movement in the soil body due to the effect of seepage flow on it. The subsidence rate in southwest and south of Tehran in Iran is very considerable whereby some structures have suffered significant damages due to this phenomenon. In this research, the contribution of suffusion and land subsidence was investigated in damaged building located at Ghale Morghi Street in southwest of Tehran, as a case history. Because of the incapability of available methods, in this article, a probability pattern is also proposed using statistical analysis for determination the likelihood of internal instability in alluvial soils in regard to soil cohesiveness

Morfometrijsko istraživanje kralježnične moždine u plodova koji potječu od majki oboljelih od dijabetesa.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on the foetal spinal cord. Sixteen adult female rats were divided into two equal groups. Diabetes was induced in one group by alloxan. Both groups became pregnant by natural mating. At days 17, 18, 19 and 20 of pregnancy, the spinal cord was collected from the foetuses of all rats, and the body mass and number of foetuses were also measured. Various histological parameters were determined using routine histological techniques. The results revealed a decrease in the transverse diameter of the spinal cord, the transverse diameter of central canal, the number of cells in the white and gray matters and an increase in the vertical diameter of the spinal cord and the vertical diameter of the central canal in the foetuses of diabetic mothers (FDM) as compared to the control group. The body mass of FDM was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the control and the number of foetuses in FDM was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control. Maternal hyperglycaemia exhibited deleterious effects on the spinal cord during foetal life, which affected the shape, structure and cell number of the spinal cord.Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti učinke dijabetesa majke na kralježničnu moždinu ploda. Šesnaest odraslih štakorica bilo je podijeljeno u dvije jednake skupine. U jednoj skupini dijabetes je bio izazvan aloksanom. Obje skupine štakorica ostale su gravidne nakon parenja. Tijekom 17., 18., 19. i 20. dana gravidnosti prikupljene su kralježnične moždine plodova od svih štakorica te su tom prilikom utvrđeni podatci za masu tijela i broj plodova. Uporabom rutinskih histoloških tehnika utvrđeni su različiti histološki pokazatelji. Rezultati su pokazali da je kod plodova od majki s dijabetesom u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom došlo do smanjivanja transverzalnog dijametra kralježnične moždine, transverzalnog dijametra središnjeg kanala, broja stanica u bijeloj i sivoj supstanciji te povećanje vertikalnog dijametra kralježnične moždine i vertikalnog dijametra središnjeg kanala. Tjelesna masa fetusa od majki s dijabetesom bila je statistički značajno veća (P<0,05) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu, a broj plodova kod istih majki bio je statistički značajno manji (P<0,05)u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Hiperglikemija majki imala je štetan učinak na kralježničnu moždinu tijekom fetalnog života, što je imalo utjecaj na njezin oblik, strukturu i broj stanica

Macrocycles: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Reactivity, and Medicinal Chemistry

Introduction: A cyclic compound is common motif in natural product structures. Cyclic peptides, a vast subset of natural products, display a wide variety of biological activities. Owing to their size, cyclic peptides are particularly attractive scaffolds for interrogating challenging biomolecular interactions, such as those at protein–protein interfaces. Methods and Results: This review takes an overview of the literature for the synthesis of peptide and non-peptide macrocycles, concentrating on advances in the last five years up to the end of 2017. These methods are clustered by strategies for preparation and further derivatization of preformed macrocycle-containing building blocks. Examples of the use of macrocycles in medicinal chemistry are reported, including a collation of macrocycle derivatives appearing in recent patents for medicinal chemistry applications. Conclusions: This review aims to provide an overview of the extensive recent studies involving macrocycles in synthesis and medicinal chemistry and to highlight the continuing challenges