Age Related Changes in Hematological Values of Myanmar Local Puppies

The hematological parameters were used to monitor the health status and its components also changed according to the ages. However, there were no reports for this issues in Myanmar local dogs. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the age-related changes on the hematological parameters of local puppies in Myanmar. Ten local puppies with the age of 2-3 month old were used in this experiment, which was lasted for 8 weeks.The daily clinical examinations were conducted throughout the entire experimental period for general health check-up. Haematological parameters (Total WBC count and its differential counts, and RBC, HCT, MCV, HGB, MCH, MCHC and platelets) were measured bi-weekly with Abacus Vet-5 automate haematology analyser. According to the results, the total WBC and eosinophil counts were not significantly different (P>0.05), while lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and basophils were significantly different (P<0.05) with the aging of experimental animals. The values of RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets were not significantly different (P>0.05) throughout the experimental periods. Thus, the age-related changes were observed on cell counts of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils in Myanmar local puppies

Suitability mapping for integrated aquatic food production systems – Decision Support System User Guide. Burmese version

The Integrated Aquatic Food Production System Decision Support System (IAFP DSS) provides a standardised approach to suitability analysis, enabling decision makers and stakeholders to engage with the technique in a simplistic yet comprehensive manner. The tool is suitable for application by a range of bodies including governmental and non-governmental organisations, research organisations and NGOs that have an interest in supporting the development of tailored and targeted investments for integrated aquatic food production systems within a given region. This report is the user guidelines translated in Burmese which support the training of the trainers implemented in Myanmar

Design and Implementation of an Automatic Solar Tracking System

Solar energy is available almost everywhere and solar power is very helpful in our everyday life. The plane of PV panel should always be normal to the incident solar rays to get maximum energy. The seasonal movement of the earth affects the radiation intensity received on the PV panel. Solar tracking systems can effectively improve energy efficiency of a solar PV panel. This research aimed to obtain maximum possible power from a solar panel all day long when the panel tracks the sun and rotates through the axis. This movement was achieved by installing a couple of servo motors with the solar panel that changes its direction according to the positioning of the sun. Arduino UNO with ATmega328p microcontrollers have been used for this purpose. It receives sensor output signal and controls servo motors according to the assigned program. One servo motor moves the panel vertically to upward and downward while the other moves the panel horizontally from left to right direction. Since the maximum solar ray is fallen down on the solar panel module, the maximum power output can be achieved from the module

Crowding Effect on the Survival Rate of Ornamental Fish (Swordtail)

Survival rate and growth play an important role in rearing of fish. The experiment was conducted from July to December of 2010. The present study was carried out to find the efficiency of different stocking density in Xiphophorus helleri, Swordtail provided with the same live food (Tubifex). A total of 90 healthy fingerlings were selected and used. They were divided into three groups of 5, 10, 15 per group and bred in glass aquaria of 50 liter capacity. Three replicate tanks were made for each stocking density. During experiment the total weight of each group was taken on monthly. Mortality and survival rate were checked in each tank every day. Stocking density had a significant effect on growth and survival. But in present study there is no mortality rate in three different stocking densities. The optimum stocking density for good growth of Xiphophorus helleri fingerlings is 5 fingerling/50 liters feeding at the rate of 5% of total body weight

Checklist of Bird Species in Mandalay University Campus

A total of 36 bird species belonging to 26 families and 11 orders were recorded from Mandalay University Campus during the study period from June 2017 to May 2018. Among them, 34 species were terrestrial birds and two species were waterbirds. Of these, 11 orders, Passeriformes was the largest order containing 20 species (55.56%) and followed by order Columbiformes and Coraciiformes containing three species in each (8.33%), Psittaciformes and Cuculiformes, two species in each (5.56%), Anseriformes, Accipitriformes, Gruiformes, Strigiformes, Caprimulgiformes and Piciformes one species in each (2.78%), respectively. Two Myanmar’s endemic species of Pycnonotus blanfordi (Irrawaddy Bulbul) and Turdoides gularis (White- throated Babbler) were recorded in the Mandalay University Campus. Of these 36 species, two Winter Visitors of Lanius cristatus (Brown Shrike) and Motacilla alba (White Wagtail), one Near Threatened species of Psittacula eupatria (Alexandrine Parakeet), three migrant species of P. eupatria (Alexandrine Parakeet), Upupa epops (Common Hoopoe) and Passer flaveolus (Plain-backed Sparrow), and 26 residents species were recorded in the Mandalay University Campus. It is proof that Mandalay University Campus is a good habitat for long-term survival of birds including terrestrial and waterbirds

Mitochondrial DNA quantity changes in leucocytes of cancer patients on cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil regimen

Purpose: Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil are the critical components of therapeutic regimen in a broad range of malignancies. Their therapeutic efficacy is limited due to the development of toxic side effects and drug resistance by the cancer cells. Cisplatin toxic side effects are usually associated with mitochondrial injury in vivo and in vitro. In vitro evidence indicates that cisplatin decreases mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. There is limited information on the effect of cisplatin on human mtDNA quantity. In order to clarify the effects of cisplatin and 5-FU on mtDNA in human, this study focused on the changes of mtDNA quantitation in cancer patients who were treated with cisplatin-based regimens. Methods: 24 blood samples from head and neck cancer patients were collected before chemotherapy and after second cycle of chemotherapy. Total DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes by salting out method. Validation of primer pairs were done by conventional PCR and checked by gel electrophoresis. The relative changes of mtDNA quantity were determined by quantitative PCR targeting Cyt-B genes normalizing with the nuclear gene PARL. Result: Comparing 24 samples, there was an increased mtDNA level after second cycle of chemotherapy, though it did Wilcoxon signed ranked test). However, 58% of the total patients had relatively increased mtDNA amount while 42% of the total patients showed decreased mtDNA amount after second cycle of chemotherapy (P<0.05, paired t-test). Conclusion: Overall, Cisplatin-based chemotherapy can affect mtDNA quantity changes in leucocytes of head and neck cancer patients

Drain and Transfer Characteristics of Al (6 mol %) Doped PbTiO3 Thin Film Transistor

Al doped PbTiO3 powder was firstly prepared by high temperature solid state reaction route. Structural and microstructural analysis were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)). Fabrication process of a single-transistor type ferroelectric field effect transistor (1TFeFET) memory with PbTi(1-x)Al(x)O3 (PTA) films had been carried out. Electrical characteristics (drain & transfer) of all films were measured. According to the experimental results the laboratory-prepared transistors were utilized for 1T of NVFRAM

Estimation of Strong Ground Motion Parameters in Amarapura Township, Mandalay Region

Amarapura Township, Mandalay Region is located very closed to the most active dextral Sagaing Fault in Myanmar. In the historical record, several earthquakes happened in and around Mandalay, Amarapura, Innwa, Sagaing region from the beginning of the year of 1400. Even a moderately strong earthquake may cause great loss of lives and property damage. An evaluation of the seismic risk of urban areas cannot neglect the variability of the ground vibration due to site amplification and the induced effects, such as soil liquefaction etc. We conducted 21-sites of microtremor measurement to gain a representative determination of the underground structures and predominant frequency in Amarapura Township. These parameters are required for seismic resistant design of structures. The very highest potential zone of seismic hazard mainly locates the western marginal part of Amarapura Township, in the proximal portion to the dextral Sagaing Fault

Barriers between mothers and their adolescent daughters with regards to sexual and reproductive health communication in Taunggyi Township, Myanmar: What factors play important roles?

BACKGROUND:Parents play critical roles in adolescents' sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and discussions between parents and adolescents on this topic are fundamental in reducing adolescents' risky sexual behaviors. However, SRH communication is a challenging issue in Myanmar due to socio-cultural taboos. This study assessed the communication barriers towards SRH issues among mothers and their adolescent girls. METHODS:A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017 in Taunggyi Township, Southern Shan State, Myanmar. In total, 112 pairs of mothers and adolescent daughters were recruited using a face-to-face interview method with semi-structured questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine communication barriers on SRH issues between mothers and their adolescent girls. RESULTS:More than half of both mother and adolescent girls had negative perceptions of communication on SRH issues. Only 2.7% of girls discussed SRH issues with their mothers more than four times in the last six months. The factors found to create SRH communication barriers were higher family incomes (adjusted odd ration [AOR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 6.2), good knowledge of puberty (AOR 4.5, 95% CI 1.6, 12.5), good knowledge of sexual and reproductive health issues (AOR 4.5, 95% CI 1.8, 11.5), and positive perception of communication (AOR 6.7, 95% CI 2.5, 17.9) among mothers, and good knowledge of contraception (AOR 5.7, 95% CI 1.5, 21.4) and good knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0, 6.4) among adolescent girls. CONCLUSION:Mothers and adolescent girls communicated on SRHs was narrow, occurring infrequently and late, with only limited topics discussed. Having higher levels of SRH knowledge were more likely to create communication barriers among mother and adolescent girls. Policy makers need to consider targeted sexual and reproductive health education programs that can be implemented at the school and community levels to increase parent-adolescent communication

Adverse Drug Reactions in Selected Wards of the Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital During the First Quarter of 2019 : An Active Pharmacovigilance Study in Myanmar

Previous studies in Europe and the USA have reported a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), but data on local ADRs in Myanmar are sparse. Our objective was to study ADRs in patients admitted to selected wards of Yangon General Hospital (YGH) and Yangon Specialty Hospital (YSH), Myanmar. This was a prospective observational study in three hospital wards during the first quarter of 2019. Suspected ADRs were carefully investigated in a face-to-face interview with each patient and via review of clinical records. Patients transferred to other wards or discharged were followed-up by the researchers until day 28 after admission. ADRs were divided into those that (1) led to the admission and (2) occurred during the hospital stay or after discharge (up to day 28 after admission). A total of 65 ADRs were identified, with 47 (29.4%) of 160 patients experiencing at least one ADR. Among these, 16 (24.6%) had led to hospital admission and 49 (75.4%) occurred in 31 patients during their hospital stay. Of 160 patients, 21 had taken at least one herbal remedy and six of these developed an ADR. Five ADR-drug associations (hypokalaemia with methylprednisolone, increased transaminase levels with standard antituberculosis drugs, upper gastrointestinal bleeding with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, constipation with tramadol, and increased transaminase levels with herbal remedies) represented 18 (27.7%) of the 65 ADRs in this study. According to the Schumock and Thornton preventability scale, more than half of these ADRs (35 [53.9%]) were preventable. The present study highlights the existence of ADRs among patients attending these hospitals. The implementation of active pharmacovigilance in hospitals could be a helpful first step to improving the awareness of unwanted effects of medicines and patient safety, as well as a way to strengthen the national pharmacovigilance system in countries such as Myanmar. The online version of this article (10.1007/s40801-020-00180-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users