Impacts of the fairly priced REDD-based CO2 offset options on the electricity producers and consumers

This paper deals with the modeling of two sectors of a regional economy: electricity and forestry. We show that CO2 price will impact not only the profits of the CO2 emitting electricity producer (decrease), but also the electricity prices for the consumer (increase), and, hence, some financial instruments might be implemented today in order to be prepared for the uncertain CO2 prices in the future. We elaborate financial instrument based on the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) mechanism. We model optimal behavior of forest owner and electricity producer under uncertainty and determine equilibrium fair prices of REDD-based-options

Synthesis and Identification of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Precursor for Getting Zinc-Based Biologically Active Additives

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in order to get biologically active additive for correction of zinc-deficiency states. Nanosized zinc oxide was derived by through condensation method from zinc acetate and lithium hydroxide dissolved in dehydrated alcohol. Resulted particles were examined through method of small-angle X-ray scattering. Measurement results confirm presence of nanoparticles with average size about 2 nm. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3365

Modeling burned area in Europe with the Community Land Model

In this study we present simulations of burned area at European scale for the period 1990{2009 conducted with the Community Land Model (CLM). By using statistics on re counts and mean re suppression time from the European Fire Database werefined the parameterization of the functions describing human ignition/suppression and we modified the description of biomass availability for res. The results obtained with the modified imodel show an improvement of the description of the spatial and interannual variability of the burned area: the model bias is reduced by 45 %, and the explained variance is increased by about 9 % compared to the original parameterization of the model. The observed relationships between burned area, climate (temperature and precipitation) and aboveground biomass are also reproduced more accurately by the modied model. This is particularly relevant for the applicability of the model to simulate future re regimes under different climate conditions. However, results showed an overestimation of the burned area for some European countries (e.g. Spain and France) and an underestimation in years with an extreme re season in Mediterranean countries. Our results highlight the need for refining the parameterization of human ignition/suppression and fuel availability for regional application of re models implemented in land{surface{models.JRC.H.7-Climate Risk Managemen

Modeling burned area in Europe with the Community Land Model

In this study, we present simulations of a burned area at a European scale for the period 1990-2009 conducted with the Community Land Model (CLM). By using statistics on fire counts and mean fire suppression time from the European Fire Database, we refined the parameterization of the functions describing human ignition/suppression, and we modified the description of biomass availability for fires. The results obtained with the modified model show an improvement of the description of the spatial an interannual variability of the burned area: the model bias is reduced by 45%, and the explained variance is increased by about 9% compared to the original parameterization of the model. The observed relationships between burned area, climate (temperature and precipitation), and aboveground biomass are also reproduced more accurately by the modified model. This is particularly relevant for the applicability of the model to simulate future fire regimes under different climate conditions. However, results showed an overestimation of the burned area for some European countries (e.g., Spain and France) and an underestimation in years with an extreme fire season in Mediterranean countries. Our results highlight the need for refining the parameterization of human ignition/suppression and fuel availability for regional application of fire models implemented in land surface models

Modeling biomass burning and related carbon emissions during the 21st century in Europe

In this study we present an assessment of the impact of future climate change on total fire probability, burned area, and carbon (C) emissions from fires in Europe. The analysis was performed with the Community Land Model (CLM) extended with a prognostic treatment of fires that was specifically refined and optimized for application over Europe. Simulations over the 21st century are forced by five different high-resolution Regional Climate Models under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B. Both original and bias-corrected meteorological forcings is used. Results show that the simulated C emissions over the present period are improved by using bias corrected meteorological forcing, with a reduction of the intermodel variability. In the course of the 21st century, burned area and C emissions from fires are shown to increase in Europe, in particular in the Mediterranean basins, in the Balkan regions and in Eastern Europe. However, the projected increase is lower than in other studies that did not fully account for the effect of climate on ecosystem functioning. We demonstrate that the lower sensitivity of burned area and C emissions to climate change is related to the predicted reduction of the net primary productivity, which is identified as the most important determinant of fire activity in the Mediterranean region after anthropogenic interaction. This behavior, consistent with the intermediate fire-productivity hypothesis, limits the sensitivity of future burned area and C emissions from fires on climate change, providing more conservative estimates of future fire patterns, and demonstrates the importance of coupling fire simulation with a climate driven ecosystem productivity model