Uso Patrones de Cacería y Preferencia de Presas en Dos Sitios del Parque Estatal la Sierra, Tabasco, México.

El aprovechamiento de la fauna silvestre es una actividad común en las comunidades rurales en el Parque Estatal La Sierra de Tabasco. En este estudio se presentan los patrones de caza y preferencia de presas por cazadores endos sierras del estado de Tabasco. Se registraron nueve especies de mamíferos silvestres como presas de caza.El número de individuos cazados varió entre especies y entre sierras. Dasypus novemcintus y Cuniculus paca fueron las especies más cazadas en ambas sierras aportando una biomasa del 63% del total. La especie menos cazada en Tapijulapa fue Procyon lotor, mientras que en Poaná Odocoileus virginianus y Dasyprocta puntacta.La biomasa total de los mamíferos cazados fue de 749 kg. Se registró un total de 131 cacerías en ambas sierras, de las cuales 90% fueron exitosas aportando 137 presas. El esfuerzo de caza fue similar entre sierras. Pecari tajacu y D. novemcintus fueron las especies con mayor abundancia registrada en ambas sierras. Los valores culturales y mitológicos restringen el aprovechamiento de alguna de las presas potenciales. La presión de caza se debe principalmente a la disponibilidad de las presas y a su sabor. La biomasa extraída en las dos sierras fue menor a lo reportado en otros estudios, ya que las especies cazadas en Tabasco fueron de menor talla. El tiempo invertido para las cacerías fue mayor a lo registrado en otros estudios debido a la topografía accidentada y lavegetación densa de las sierras. Nasua narica y P. lotor fueron las especies preferidas debido a la disponibilidad de las mismas

Atlas of Mexican Triatominae (Reduviidae: Hemiptera) and vector transmission of Chagas disease

Chagas disease is one of the most important yet neglected parasitic diseases in Mexico and is transmitted by Triatominae. Nineteen of the 31 Mexican triatomine species have been consistently found to invade human houses and all have been found to be naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The present paper aims to produce a state-of-knowledge atlas of Mexican triatomines and analyse their geographic associations with T. cruzi, human demographics and landscape modification. Ecological niche models (ENMs) were constructed for the 19 species with more than 10 records in North America, as well as for T. cruzi. The 2010 Mexican national census and the 2007 National Forestry Inventory were used to analyse overlap patterns with ENMs. Niche breadth was greatest in species from the semiarid Nearctic Region, whereas species richness was associated with topographic heterogeneity in the Neotropical Region, particularly along the Pacific Coast. Three species,Triatoma longipennis, Triatoma mexicana and Triatoma barberi, overlapped with the greatest numbers of human communities, but these communities had the lowest rural/urban population ratios. Triatomine vectors have urbanised in most regions, demonstrating a high tolerance to human-modified habitats and broadened historical ranges, exposing more than 88% of the Mexican population and leaving few areas in Mexico without the potential for T. cruzitransmission

Data from: Atlas of Mexican Triatominae (Reduviidae: Hemiptera) and vector transmission of Chagas disease

Chagas disease is one of the most important yet neglected parasitic diseases in Mexico and is transmitted by Triatominae. Nineteen of the 31 Mexican triatomine species have been consistently found to invade human houses and all have been found to be naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The present paper aims to produce a state-of-knowledge atlas of Mexican triatomines and analyse their geographic associations with T. cruzi, human demographics and landscape modification. Ecological niche models (ENMs) were constructed for the 19 species with more than 10 records in North America, as well as for T. cruzi. The 2010 Mexican national census and the 2007 National Forestry Inventory were used to analyse overlap patterns with ENMs. Niche breadth was greatest in species from the semiarid Nearctic Region, whereas species richness was associated with topographic heterogeneity in the Neotropical Region, particularly along the Pacific Coast. Three species, Triatoma longipennis, Triatoma mexicana and Triatoma barberi, overlapped with the greatest numbers of human communities, but these communities had the lowest rural/urban population ratios. Triatomine vectors have urbanised in most regions, demonstrating a high tolerance to human-modified habitats and broadened historical ranges, exposing more than 88% of the Mexican population and leaving few areas in Mexico without the potential for T. cruzi transmission

Genetic variation and phylogeography of the Triatoma dimidiata complex evidence a potential center of origin and recent divergence of haplogroups having differential Trypanosoma cruzi and DTU infections

The population genetics of Triatoma dimidiata haplogroups was analyzed at landscape and sub-regional scales in Chiapas and regional level across the Mexican Neotropics, and phylogeography of the complex was re-analyzed across its complete geographic range. Two contiguous fragments of the ND4 gene were analyzed due to bias from differential haplogroup specificity using a previously designed sequence. At both landscape (anthropic modification gradient) and regional (demographic, fragmentation, biogeographic, climate) scales, lowest T. dimidiata genetic diversity occurs where there is greatest historical anthropic modification, and where T. cruzi infection prevalence is significantly highest. Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence was significantly higher than expected in haplogroups 1 and 3, while lower than expected in haplogroup 2. There was also a significant difference of DTUI and DTUVI infection frequencies in both haplogroups 1 and 3, while no difference of either in haplogroup 2. All haplogroups from the Mexican Neotropics had moderate to high haplotype diversity, while greatest genetic differentiation was between haplogroups 1 and 3 (above F ST = 0.868, p < 0.0001). Divergence of the complex from the MRCA was estimated between 0.97 MYA (95% HPD interval = 0.55-1.53 MYA) and 0.85 MYA (95% HPD interval = 0.42-1.5 MYA) for ND4A and both concatenated fragments, respectively, with primary divergence from the MRCA of haplogroups 2 and 3. Effective population size for Mexican haplogroups 1 and 2 increased between 0.02 and 0.03 MYA. This study supports previous ecological niche evidence for the complex´s origin surrounding the Tehuantepec Isthmus, and provides evidence for recent divergence of three primary dimidiata haplogroups, with differential T. cruzi infection frequency and DTU specificity, important components of vector capacity.Fil: Pech May, Angélica del Rosario. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica /centro Regional de; MéxicoFil: Mazariegos Hidalgo, Carlos Jesús. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; MéxicoFil: Izeta Alberdi Amaia. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; MéxicoFil: López Cancino, Sury Antonio. Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Chiapas; México. Universidad Anáhuac México; MéxicoFil: Tun Ku, Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; MéxicoFil: De la Cruz Félix, Keynes. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; MéxicoFil: Ibarra Cerdeña, Carlos. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; MéxicoFil: González Ittig, Raúl Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Ramsey, Janine. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; Méxic

Genetic variation and phylogeography of the Triatoma dimidiata complex evidence a potential center of origin and recent divergence of haplogroups having differential Trypanosoma cruzi and DTU infections.

The population genetics of Triatoma dimidiata haplogroups was analyzed at landscape and sub-regional scales in Chiapas and regional level across the Mexican Neotropics, and phylogeography of the complex was re-analyzed across its complete geographic range. Two contiguous fragments of the ND4 gene were analyzed due to bias from differential haplogroup specificity using a previously designed sequence. At both landscape (anthropic modification gradient) and regional (demographic, fragmentation, biogeographic, climate) scales, lowest T. dimidiata genetic diversity occurs where there is greatest historical anthropic modification, and where T. cruzi infection prevalence is significantly highest. Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence was significantly higher than expected in haplogroups 1 and 3, while lower than expected in haplogroup 2. There was also a significant difference of DTUI and DTUVI infection frequencies in both haplogroups 1 and 3, while no difference of either in haplogroup 2. All haplogroups from the Mexican Neotropics had moderate to high haplotype diversity, while greatest genetic differentiation was between haplogroups 1 and 3 (above FST = 0.868, p < 0.0001). Divergence of the complex from the MRCA was estimated between 0.97 MYA (95% HPD interval = 0.55-1.53 MYA) and 0.85 MYA (95% HPD interval = 0.42-1.5 MYA) for ND4A and both concatenated fragments, respectively, with primary divergence from the MRCA of haplogroups 2 and 3. Effective population size for Mexican haplogroups 1 and 2 increased between 0.02 and 0.03 MYA. This study supports previous ecological niche evidence for the complex´s origin surrounding the Tehuantepec Isthmus, and provides evidence for recent divergence of three primary dimidiata haplogroups, with differential T. cruzi infection frequency and DTU specificity, important components of vector capacity

Populations Exposed

Populations Expose

Atlas of Mexican Triatominae

Atlas of Mexican Triatomina

Variabilidad genética de la chinche (Triatoma pallidipennis): principal vector de la enfermedad de Chagas

La enfermedad de Chagas es una zoonosis reconocida por su elevado impacto sanitario, económico y social. A nivel mundial se reportan casi 8 millones de personas infectadas, la mayoría en Latinoamérica, y 25 millones en riesgo, para México se estiman 1.1. millones de personas. El parásito Trypanosoma cruzi es el responsable de dicha enfermedad, la cual se transmite por vectores específicamente insectos de la subfamilia Triatominae, conocidos comúnmente en México como chinches besuconas. Triatoma pallidipennis es una especie endémica en México, con una distribución que cubre potencialmente más del 18% del País. Su capacidad vectorial y de infestación a domicilios la hacen uno de los principales vectores de T. cruzi en el centro del país. En el estado de Morelos se ha registrado su presencia en la que se reportan que al menos el 77% de las comunidades urbanas y suburbanas están infestadas con T. pallidipennis. Por tal motivo, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la variabilidad genética intra e inter poblacional de T. pallidipennis desde 25 localidades del estado de Morelos usando el gen ND4. De las 104 muestras analizadas, se obtuvo un total de 34 haplotipos con una diversidad haplotípica alta para el estado de Morelos. El análisis de distancia genética sugiere la presencia de grupos o linajes divergentes, sin embargo para confirmarlo son necesarias un mayor número de ejemplares.Fil: Arellano Arenas, Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; MéxicoFil: Mayares Salvador, Dayana Inés. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; MéxicoFil: Ramsey Willoquet, Janine Madeleine. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública/crisp; MéxicoFil: Alcalá Martínez, Raúl Ernesto. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; MéxicoFil: Ibarra Cerdena, Carlos Napoleón. Instituto Politécnico Nacional/centro de Biotecnología; MéxicoFil: Tun Ku, Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública/crisp; MéxicoFil: Pech May, Angélica del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: De La Cruz Félix, Himmler Keynes. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública/crisp; MéxicoFil: Rosales Barrera, Rebeca. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; MéxicoFil: Ocampo Salgado, Marco Antonio. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica; Méxic

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data