10,112 research outputs found
Citation Help in Databases: Helpful or Harmful?
A review of the help files in several major databases revealed that database vendors have begun including information on citing sources, which has the potential to be very useful to students. Surprisingly, 94% of the citation examples in the databases reviewed had errors. The average number of errors per example was 4.3. The citation help appears to have been put together quickly, with little thought and no proofreading. Librarians must insist that vendors correct or remove this information
Microscopic Selection of Fluid Fingering Pattern
We study the issue of the selection of viscous fingering patterns in the
limit of small surface tension. Through detailed simulations of anisotropic
fingering, we demonstrate conclusively that no selection independent of the
small-scale cutoff (macroscopic selection) occurs in this system. Rather, the
small-scale cutoff completely controls the pattern, even on short time scales,
in accord with the theory of microscopic solvability. We demonstrate that
ordered patterns are dynamically selected only for not too small surface
tensions. For extremely small surface tensions, the system exhibits chaotic
behavior and no regular pattern is realized.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Influence of the temperature on the depinning transition of driven interfaces
We study the dynamics of a driven interface in a two-dimensional random-field
Ising model close to the depinning transition at small but finite temperatures
T using Glauber dynamics. A square lattice is considered with an interface
initially in (11)-direction. The drift velocity v is analyzed for the first
time using finite size scaling at T = 0 and additionally finite temperature
scaling close to the depinning transition. In both cases a perfect data
collapse is obtained from which we deduce beta = 1/3 for the exponent which
determines the dependence of v on the driving field, nu = 1 for the exponent of
the correlation length and delta = 5 for the exponent which determines the
dependence of v on T.Comment: 5 pages, Latex, Figures included, to appear in Europhys. Let
The Out‐of‐Plane Deformation Frequency of the NH Group in the Peptide Link
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70613/2/JCPSA6-21-3-570-2.pd
Anti-melanocortin-4 receptor autoantibodies in obesity
Background: The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is part of an important pathway regulating energy balance. Here we report the existence of autoantibodies (autoAbs) against the MC4R in sera of obese patients. Methods: The autoAbs were detected after screening of 216 patients' sera by using direct and inhibition ELISA with an N-terminal sequence of the MC4R. Binding to the native MC4R was evaluated by flow cytometry and pharmacological effects by measuring adenylyl cyclase activity. Results: Positive results in all tests were obtained in patients with overweight or obesity (prevalence: 3.6%) but not in normal weight patients. The selective binding properties of anti-MC4R autoAbs were confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and by immunoprecipitation with the native MC4R. Finally it was demonstrated that these autoAbs increased food intake in rats after passive transfer via intracerebroventricular injection. Conclusion: These observations suggest that inhibitory anti-MC4R autoAbs might contribute to the development of obesity in a small subpopulation of patients
Simulation and analysis of in vitro DNA evolution
We study theoretically the in vitro evolution of a DNA sequence by binding to
a transcription factor. Using a simple model of protein-DNA binding and
available binding constants for the Mnt protein, we perform large-scale,
realistic simulations of evolution starting from a single DNA sequence. We
identify different parameter regimes characterized by distinct evolutionary
behaviors. For each regime we find analytical estimates which agree well with
simulation results. For small population sizes, the DNA evolutional path is a
random walk on a smooth landscape. While for large population sizes, the
evolution dynamics can be well described by a mean-field theory. We also study
how the details of the DNA-protein interaction affect the evolution.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to PNA
Complex Systems Science: Dreams of Universality, Reality of Interdisciplinarity
Using a large database (~ 215 000 records) of relevant articles, we
empirically study the "complex systems" field and its claims to find universal
principles applying to systems in general. The study of references shared by
the papers allows us to obtain a global point of view on the structure of this
highly interdisciplinary field. We show that its overall coherence does not
arise from a universal theory but instead from computational techniques and
fruitful adaptations of the idea of self-organization to specific systems. We
also find that communication between different disciplines goes through
specific "trading zones", ie sub-communities that create an interface around
specific tools (a DNA microchip) or concepts (a network).Comment: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and
Technology (2012) 10.1002/asi.2264
THETA-rhythm makes the world go round:dissociative effects of TMS theta versus alpha entrainment of right pTPJ on embodied perspective transformations
Being able to imagine another person's experience and perspective of the world is a crucial human ability and recent reports suggest that humans "embody" another's viewpoint by mentally rotating their own body representation into the other's orientation. Our recent Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data further confirmed this notion of embodied perspective transformations and pinpointed the right posterior temporo-parietal junction (pTPJ) as the crucial hub in a distributed network oscillating at theta frequency (3-7 Hz). In a subsequent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiment we interfered with right pTPJ processing and observed a modulation of the embodied aspects of perspective transformations. While these results corroborated the role of right pTPJ, the notion of theta oscillations being the crucial neural code remained a correlational observation based on our MEG data. In the current study we therefore set out to confirm the importance of theta oscillations directly by means of TMS entrainment. We compared entrainment of right pTPJ at 6 Hz vs. 10 Hz and confirmed that only 6 Hz entrainment facilitated embodied perspective transformations (at 160° angular disparity) while 10 Hz slowed it down. The reverse was true at low angular disparity (60° between egocentric and target perspective) where a perspective transformation was not strictly necessary. Our results further corroborate right pTPJ involvement in embodied perspective transformations and highlight theta oscillations as a crucial neural code
Phase-Field Model of Mode III Dynamic Fracture
We introduce a phenomenological continuum model for mode III dynamic fracture
that is based on the phase-field methodology used extensively to model
interfacial pattern formation. We couple a scalar field, which distinguishes
between ``broken'' and ``unbroken'' states of the system, to the displacement
field in a way that consistently includes both macroscopic elasticity and a
simple rotationally invariant short scale description of breaking. We report
two-dimensional simulations that yield steady-state crack motion in a strip
geometry above the Griffith threshold.Comment: submitted to PR
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