STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH PITCH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA PENUKAR KALOR PIPA KONSENTRIK DENGAN LOUVERED STRIP INSERT SUSUNAN BACKWARD

Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Pitch terhadap terhadap Peningkatan Perpindahan Panas pada Penukar Kalor Pipa Konsentrik dengan Louvered Strip Insert Susunan Backward Martina Anantyastuti Susanti Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia email : [email protected] Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji karakteristik perpindahan panas dan faktor gesekan pada penukar kalor pipa konsentrik dengan penambahan louvered stip insert (LSI) dengan variasi pitch (S) = 40 mm, 50 mm dan 60mm. Seksi uji berupa penukar kalor pipa konsentrik satu laluan dengan pipa dalam dan pipa luar terbuat dari alumunium. Aliran pada pipa dalam dan annulus berlawanan arah dengan fluida kerja air. Fluida kerja di pipa dalam adalah air panas dimana temperatur masukannya dipertahankan pada 60˚C, sedangkan fluida kerja di annulus adalah air dingin dengan temperatur masukannya ±27˚C. LSI dipasang di pipa dalam dari penukar kalor pipa konsentrik. Dalam penelitian ini pengujian dilakukan dengan penambahan LSI dan tanpa louvered strip insert (plain tube) pada pipa dalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penukar kalor pipa konsentrik dengan penambahan LSI dengan S = 40, 50 dan 60 mm di pipa dalam menghasilkan bilangan Nusselt, faktor gesekan dan rasio koefisien perpindahan panas yang lebih besar daripada plain tube. Penambahan LSI menghasilkan peningkatan perpindahan panas yang lebih baik dibandingkan plain tube. Pada bilangan Reynolds yang sama, penambahan LSI dengan S = 40, 50 dan 60 mm di pipa dalam meningkatkan bilangan Nusselt berturut-turut dalam kisaran 62,9% - 70,0%; 42,5% - 51,3%; dan 23,1% - 31,4% dibandingkan dengan plain tube. Sedangkan penambahan LSI dengan S = 40, 50 dan 60 mm di pipa dalam menghasilkan faktor gesekan berturut-turut 1,86 - 2,44; 1,04 - 1,62; dan 0,58 - 0,84 kali lebih besar dibandingkan faktor gesekan plain tube. Penambahan LSI, S = 40, 50 dan 60 mm di pipa dalam menghasilkan rasio koefisien perpindahan panas berturut-turut dalam kisaran 1,06 - 1,10; 1,06 - 1,08 dan 1,01 - 1,05. Kata kunci : bilangan Nusselt, bilangan Reynolds, faktor gesekan, louvered strip insert, variasi pitch

The Cost of Stability in Coalitional Games

A key question in cooperative game theory is that of coalitional stability, usually captured by the notion of the \emph{core}--the set of outcomes such that no subgroup of players has an incentive to deviate. However, some coalitional games have empty cores, and any outcome in such a game is unstable. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of stabilizing a coalitional game by using external payments. We consider a scenario where an external party, which is interested in having the players work together, offers a supplemental payment to the grand coalition (or, more generally, a particular coalition structure). This payment is conditional on players not deviating from their coalition(s). The sum of this payment plus the actual gains of the coalition(s) may then be divided among the agents so as to promote stability. We define the \emph{cost of stability (CoS)} as the minimal external payment that stabilizes the game. We provide general bounds on the cost of stability in several classes of games, and explore its algorithmic properties. To develop a better intuition for the concepts we introduce, we provide a detailed algorithmic study of the cost of stability in weighted voting games, a simple but expressive class of games which can model decision-making in political bodies, and cooperation in multiagent settings. Finally, we extend our model and results to games with coalition structures.Comment: 20 pages; will be presented at SAGT'0

Improved Competitive Guarantees for QoS Buffering

textabstractWe consider a network providing Differentiated Services (Diffserv), which allow Internet Service Providers (ISP s) to offer different levels of Quality of Service (QoS) to different traffic streams. We study two types of buffering policies that are used in network switches supporting QoS. In the FIFO type, packets must be transmitted in the order they arrive. In the uniform bounded-delay type, there is a maximum delay time associated with the switch and each packet must be transmitted within this time, or otherwise it is dropped. In both models, the buffer space is limited, and packets are lost when the buffer overflows. Each packet has an intrinsic value, and the goal is to maximize the total value of transmitted packets. Our main contribution is an algorithm for the FIFO model with arbitrary packet values that for the first time achieves a competitive ratio better than 2, namely 2 - epsilon for a constant epsilon > 0. We also describe an algorithm for the uniform bounded delay model which simulates our algorithm for the FIFO model, and show that it achieves the same competitive ratio

Packet Forwarding Algorithms in a Line Network

Abstract. We initiate a competitive analysis of packet forwarding poli-cies for maximum and average flow in a line network. We show that the policies Earliest Arrival and Furthest-To-Go are scalable, but not con-stant competitive, for maximum flow. We show that there is no constant competitive algorithm for average flow.

Reproducible big data science: A case study in continuous FAIRness.

Big biomedical data create exciting opportunities for discovery, but make it difficult to capture analyses and outputs in forms that are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). In response, we describe tools that make it easy to capture, and assign identifiers to, data and code throughout the data lifecycle. We illustrate the use of these tools via a case study involving a multi-step analysis that creates an atlas of putative transcription factor binding sites from terabytes of ENCODE DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing data. We show how the tools automate routine but complex tasks, capture analysis algorithms in understandable and reusable forms, and harness fast networks and powerful cloud computers to process data rapidly, all without sacrificing usability or reproducibility-thus ensuring that big data are not hard-to-(re)use data. We evaluate our approach via a user study, and show that 91% of participants were able to replicate a complex analysis involving considerable data volumes

I'll take that to go:Big data bags and minimal identifiers for exchange of large, complex datasets

Big data workflows often require the assembly and exchange of complex, multi-element datasets. For example, in biomedical applications, the input to an analytic pipeline can be a dataset consisting thousands of images and genome sequences assembled from diverse repositories, requiring a description of the contents of the dataset in a concise and unambiguous form. Typical approaches to creating datasets for big data workflows assume that all data reside in a single location, requiring costly data marshaling and permitting errors of omission and commission because dataset members are not explicitly specified. We address these issues by proposing simple methods and tools for assembling, sharing, and analyzing large and complex datasets that scientists can easily integrate into their daily workflows. These tools combine a simple and robust method for describing data collections (BDBags), data descriptions (Research Objects), and simple persistent identifiers (Minids) to create a powerful ecosystem of tools and services for big data analysis and sharing. We present these tools and use biomedical case studies to illustrate their use for the rapid assembly, sharing, and analysis of large datasets

Ferritin is secreted via 2 distinct nonclassical vesicular pathways

Ferritin turnover plays a major role in tissue iron homeostasis, and ferritin malfunction is associated with impaired iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. In most eukaryotes, ferritin is considered an intracellular protein that stores iron in a nontoxic and bioavailable form. In insects, ferritin is a classically secreted protein and plays a major role in systemic iron distribution. Mammalian ferritin lacks the signal peptide for classical endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi secretion but is found in serum and is secreted via a nonclassical lysosomal secretion pathway. This study applied bioinformatics and biochemical tools, alongside a protein trafficking mouse models, to characterize the mechanisms of ferritin secretion. Ferritin trafficking via the classical secretion pathway was ruled out, and a 2:1 distribution of intracellular ferritin between membrane-bound compartments and the cytosol was observed, suggesting a role for ferritin in the vesicular compartments of the cell. Focusing on nonclassical secretion, we analyzed mouse models of impaired endolysosomal trafficking and found that ferritin secretion was decreased by a BLOC-1 mutation but increased by BLOC-2, BLOC-3, and Rab27A mutations of the cellular trafficking machinery, suggesting multiple export routes. A 13-amino-acid motif unique to ferritins that lack the secretion signal peptide was identified on the BC-loop of both subunits and plays a role in the regulation of ferritin secretion. Finally, we provide evidence that secretion of iron-rich ferritin was mediated via the multivesicular body–exosome pathway. These results enhance our understanding of the mechanism of ferritin secretion, which is an important piece in the puzzle of tissue iron homeostasis

Atlas of Transcription Factor Binding Sites from ENCODE DNase Hypersensitivity Data across 27 Tissue Types.

Characterizing the tissue-specific binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) is essential to reconstruct gene regulatory networks and predict functions for non-coding genetic variation. DNase-seq footprinting enables the prediction of genome-wide binding sites for hundreds of TFs simultaneously. Despite the public availability of high-quality DNase-seq data from hundreds of samples, a comprehensive, up-to-date resource for the locations of genomic footprints is lacking. Here, we develop a scalable footprinting workflow using two state-of-the-art algorithms: Wellington and HINT. We apply our workflow to detect footprints in 192 ENCODE DNase-seq experiments and predict the genomic occupancy of 1,515 human TFs in 27 human tissues. We validate that these footprints overlap true-positive TF binding sites from ChIP-seq. We demonstrate that the locations, depth, and tissue specificity of footprints predict effects of genetic variants on gene expression and capture a substantial proportion of genetic risk for complex traits

Escherichia coli O157:H7 Productor de toxina Shiga aisladas de muestras de agua relacionadas a Establecimientos pecuarios de engorde a corral

Recientemente han ocurrido brotes debido vegetales contaminados por Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (stec). Estos productos frescos se contaminan a través del contacto directo de heces bovinas (abono), o indirectamente a través de irrigación con agua contaminada. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la prevalencia de stec O157:H7 en muestras de agua relacionadas a establecimientos pecuarios de engorde a corral (epec) de la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina, y su eventual relación con cepas vinculadas a enfermedad transmitida por alimentos. Usando como indicadores microbiológicos, coliformes, Escherichia coli, y anaerobios sufito-reductores, se estudió la eficiencia en el saneamiento de los efluentes de un epec que contaba con un sistema de lagunas sanitarias. Entre abril/2009 y julio/2011 se estudiaron 320 muestras de agua vinculadas a efluentes de 11 epec. Las cepas fueron caracterizadas feno-genotípicamente y subtipificadas por macrorrestricción y electroforesis de campo pulsado. Algunos de los perfiles identificados están incluidos en la base de datos nacional, correspondiendo a cepas obtenidas de casos de Síndrome Urémico Hemolítico, diarrea, muestras alimenticias y de origen animal. Los epec deben implementar estrategias de control con objeto de limitar el ingreso de stec en el medioambiente acuático. En el sistema de lagunas sanitarias estudiado se constató una franca disminución de los indicares utilizados pero insuficiente para eliminar su aporte al ambiente. La optimización de su funcionamiento es función de su mantenimiento, en especial la frecuente remoción de barros de las primeras piletas