Novel 2-phenyl-3-{4’-[N-(4”-aminophenyl)carbamoyl]-phenyl}-quinazoline-4(3H)one-6-sulphonic acidbased mono azo reactive dyes

A series of new heterocyclic mono azo reactive dyes 7a–m were prepared by diazotization of 2-phenyl-3-{4’-[N-(4”-aminophenyl)carbamoyl]-phenyl}-quinazoline-4(3H)-one-6-sulphonic acid (3) and coupling with various cyanurated coupling components 6a–m and their dyeing performance on silk, wool and cotton fibres was assessed. These dyes were found to give a variety of colour shades with very good depth and levelness on the fibres. All the compounds were identified by conventional method (IR and 1H-NMR) and elemental analyses. The percentage dye bath exhaustion on different fibres was reasonably good and acceptable. The dyed fibre showed moderate to very good fastness to light, washing and rubbing

Partial Inhibition of Estrogen-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats by Tamoxifen: Balance between Oxidant Stress and Estrogen Responsiveness

Epidemiological and experimental evidences strongly support the role of estrogens in breast tumor development. Both estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and ER-independent mechanisms are implicated in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator is widely used as chemoprotectant in human breast cancer. It binds to ERs and interferes with normal binding of estrogen to ERs. In the present study, we examined the effect of long-term tamoxifen treatment in the prevention of estrogen-induced breast cancer. Female ACI rats were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2), tamoxifen or with a combination of E2 and tamoxifen for eight months. Tissue levels of oxidative stress markers 8-iso-Prostane F2α (8-isoPGF2α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were quantified in the mammary tissues of all the treatment groups and compared with age-matched controls. Levels of tamoxifen metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450s as well as estrogen responsive genes were also quantified. At necropsy, breast tumors were detected in 44% of rats co-treated with tamoxifen+E2. No tumors were detected in the sham or tamoxifen only treatment groups whereas in the E2 only treatment group, the tumor incidence was 82%. Co-treatment with tamoxifen decreased GPx and catalase levels; did not completely inhibit E2-mediated oxidative DNA damage and estrogen-responsive genes monoamine oxygenase B1 (MaoB1) and cell death inducing DFF45 like effector C (Cidec) but differentially affected the levels of tamoxifen metabolizing enzymes. In summary, our studies suggest that although tamoxifen treatment inhibits estrogen-induced breast tumor development and increases the latency of tumor development, it does not completely abrogate breast tumor development in a rat model of estrogen-induced breast cancer. The inability of tamoxifen to completely inhibit E2-induced breast carcinogenesis may be because of increased estrogen-mediated oxidant burden

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial screening of some new MCT reactive dyes bearing nitro quinazolinone moiety

A series of some new quinazolinone based MCT reactive dyes (7a–j) were successfully and easily synthesized by the coupling route of diazotized 3-{4-[4-amino-2, 6-difluorobenzyl]-3,5-difluorophenyl}-6-nitro-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (4) with a diverse range of o-chloro-p-nitro anilino cyanurated coupling components (6a–j). The structures of all dyes were confirmed by UV–Vis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. All the newly synthesized dyes were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial screening (antibacterial and antifungal) against several bacteria and fungi. Some of the compounds showed significant antibacterial as well as antifungal activities. Furthermore colorimetric study (L∗, a∗, b∗, C∗, H∗, K/S), Fastness properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data were also discussed

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new sydnone based derivatives

AbstractAn extensive characterization study on the novel series of synthesized sydnone, chalcone and pyrimidine is reported in this paper. A series of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-{[4-(3-substitutedphenylacryloyl)phenyl]sulfamoyl}-sydnone and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[4-(4-aminophenyl)-6-substitutedphenylpyrimidin-2-aminesulfonyl]-sydnone are synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. An exclusive study on microbial activity using various microbial strains was also undertaken to support and confirm our experimental findings

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Coumarinyl Sydnone Derivatives

A novel series of compounds containing coumarinyl sydnone derivatives from 4-methyl-7-hydroxy-8-nitro coumarin were synthesized. The formed compounds have been evaluated by physical methods (melting point, thin layer chromatography, elemental analysis) and by spectral data (IR, 1H-NMR & 13C NMR). The antimicrobial evaluation of the compounds showed that some of them revealed promising antimicrobial activity

Colorimetric studies of some newly synthesized bisazo reactive dyes

A series of cold brand bisazo reactive dyes (4a–h) were obtained by the coupling of tetrazotised 4,4′-methylene-bis(2-methyl-5-nitro aniline) (2) with various cyanurated coupling components (3a–h) in good yield. Their dyeing performances as reactive dyes have been assessed on silk, wool and cotton fabrics. These dyes were characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques elemental analysis. The percentage dye bath exhaustion and fixation on different fibers were found to be very good. The dyed fabric showed moderate to very good light fastness and good to excellent washing and rubbing fastness properties. Spectral properties and colorimetric data (L∗, a∗, b∗, C∗, H∗, K/S) have also been studied in detail

Copolyesters based on s-triazine moiety: Synthesis and characterization

885-891Ten copolyesters have been synthesized by high temperature polycondensation of 2-(β-naphthylamino)-4,6-bis(naphthoxy-3-carbonyl chloride)-s-triazine [NANCCT] with each of the mixture of diols:[Bisphenol-A(BPA)+ Bisphenol-C(BPC)], [BPA+Hydroquinone(Hq)], [BPA+1,5-Dihydroy naphthalene(1,5-DHN)], [BPA+1,4–Dihydroy anthraquinone(1,4-DHA)], [BPA+Catechol(C)], [BPA+Resorcinol(R)], [BPA+Ph], [Ph+1,4-DHA], [Ph+C] and [Ph+R]. All the copolyesters have been characterized by solubility, density, viscosity measurements, IR and NMR spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis. All the copolyesters are soluble at high temperature in acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMA), etc. and have reduced viscosity in the range 0.400-0.641 dL/g in DMF at 30ºC. Copolyester derived from diol mixture[BPA+1,4-DHA] show greater thermal stability than the other copolyesters

Synthesis and characterization of some sulfonamide based bis-sydnones and their <i style="">in vitro</i> antimicrobial activity

960-9644-Sulfonamide substituted novel sydnones have been synthesized. The synthetic strategy utilizes 4,4′-diamino­diphenyl­sulfone as starting material to obtain the 3,3′-(sulfonyldi-4,1-phenylene)bis(4-chlorosulfonyl)sydnone 6 through several steps viz. esterification, hydrolysis (saponification), nitrosation, cyclisa­tion and chlorosulfonation, which are then condensed with different secondary amines to get final compounds. All new compounds have been characterized by spectral data as well as elemental analysis and have been tested for their antibacterial activity against gram positive S. pneumoniae and S. aureus, and gram negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Some of the synthesized compounds show excellent antimicrobial activity