Imaging through turbulence with a quadrature-phase optical interferometer

We present an improved technique for imaging through turbulence at visible wavelengths using a rotation shearing pupil-plane interferometer, intended for astronomical and terrestrial imaging applications. While previous astronomical rotation shearing interferometers have made only visibility modulus measurements, this interferometer makes four simultaneous measurements on each interferometric baseline, with phase differences of π/2 between each measurement, allowing complex visibility measurements (modulus and phase) across the entire input pupil in a single exposure. This technique offers excellent wavefront resolution, allowing operation at visible wavelengths on large apertures, is potentially immune to amplitude fluctuations (scintillation), and may offer superior calibration capabilities to other imaging techniques. The interferometer has been tested in the laboratory under weakly aberrating conditions and at Palomar Observatory under ordinary astronomical observing conditions. This research is based partly on observations obtained at the Hale Telescope

Creating social awareness among distributed group members, using a network of animatronic agents

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78).Members of a geographically distributed group are not normally aware of each other's presence or current activities. For example, two members of a team may be working on the same project, but they may have offices in different parts of a building. This geographical separation prevents them from knowing when the other has arrived in the morning, or if the other is busy or available, and it generally leads to a lack of awareness about the other's activities. It also tends to limit spontaneous and informal interaction among teammates. For this thesis, I have built a prototype of a system to keep distributed members of a group aware of each other's presence and activities in a light-hearted manner, while striving to remain non-intrusive. The system also aims to facilitate unplanned and informal communication among distributed colleagues. It consists of a network of animatronic agents, specifically monkeys, which are situated in the offices or rooms of each member of a group. Through subtle movements and sounds, the monkeys indicate the presence of the other members of the group. The monkeys are meant to be ambient, at the periphery of one's attention.(cont.) But they can also be used more proactively as communication mechanisms, and promote informal exchanges among members of a distributed team. The objective of this research is to consider whether such a system can be helpful in keeping members of groups more connected and in providing greater social awareness and cohesiveness among them. I have also explored whether animatronic agents are a good medium for communicating useful ambient information in a non-disruptive manner, and if they are capable of facilitating spontaneous communication. Finally, I have tried to determine the right combination of motion and sound in order for the monkeys to communicate information effectively and intuitively among group members.by Rachel Lori Kern.S.M

Cord blood versus age 5 mononuclear cell proliferation on IgE and asthma

Abstract Background Fetal immune responses following exposure of mothers to allergens during pregnancy may influence the subsequent risk of childhood asthma. However, the association of allergen-induced cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) proliferation and cytokine production with later allergic immune responses and asthma has been controversial. Our objective was to compare indoor allergen-induced CBMC with age 5 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and determine which may be associated with age 5 allergic immune responses and asthma in an inner city cohort. Methods As part of an ongoing cohort study of the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH), CBMCs and age 5 PBMCs were cultured with cockroach, mouse, and dust mite protein extracts. CBMC proliferation and cytokine (IL-5 and IFN-γ) responses, and age 5 PBMC proliferation responses, were compared to anti-cockroach, anti-mouse, and anti-dust mite IgE levels, wheeze, cough, eczema and asthma. Results Correlations between CBMC and age 5 PBMC proliferation in response to cockroach, mouse, and dust mite antigens were nonsignificant. Cockroach-, mouse-, and dust mite-induced CBMC proliferation and cytokine responses were not associated with allergen-specific IgE at ages 2, 3, and 5, or with asthma and eczema at age 5. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, age 5 cockroach-induced PBMC proliferation was associated with anti-cockroach IgE, total IgE, and asthma (p < 0.05). Conclusion In contrast to allergen-induced CBMC proliferation, age 5 cockroach-induced PBMC proliferation was associated with age 5 specific and total IgE, and asthma, in an inner-city cohort where cockroach allergens are prevalent and exposure can be high

Exile Vol. L

47th Year FALL 2003: Title Page 3 Epigraph by Ezra Pound 5 Table of Contents 7 Contributors\u27 Notes 32-33 Editorial Board 34 ART Untitled I by Tricia DiFranco \u2706 10 Untitled I by Derek Mong \u2704 16 Untitled II by Derek Mong \u2704 18 Untitled II by Tricia DiFranco \u2706 21 Andromeda Chained to the Rock of Doom by Matt Messmer \u2706 24 Something Wicked This Way Comes by Matt Messmer \u2706 26 Tony by Erin Saelzler \u2706 30 FICTION Inside by Thomas Kern \u2705 11-15 Dreamer by Sandy Liang \u2707 22-23 POETRY Blackout by Derek Mong \u2704 (Winner of Exile Prize for Poetry) 8-9 Canoeing on the Kalamazoo by Meghan Vesper \u2705 17 Dinner with Daddy by Nicki Bennet \u2704 19 Leaving Behind Yaknapatawpha by Nikki Bennet \u2704 20 Folklore by Derek Mong \u2704 25 Trapped by Sarah Clapp \u2706 27 Blue Ridge Mountains by Meghan Vesper \u2705 28 Grilling on the Back Porch by Meghan Vesper \u2705 29 Communion Cup by Nicki Bennet \u2704 31 SPRING 2004: Title Page 37 Table of Contents 39 Contributors\u27 Notes 85 Editorial Board 86 ART She Will Run by Julianne McCall \u2706 35 Curious George by Geoff Young \u2705 40 Anxious by Tricia DiFranco \u2706 42 Untited by Ashley Meade \u2704 50 Untitled I by Tom Michaels \u2704 52 Moment of Autumn by Gary Weber \u2705 62 Untitled II by Tom Michaels \u2704 64 Jesus Lives by Carol Collins \u2705 76 Untitled by Chris Jessen \u2704 79 Untitled by Gary Weber \u2705 82 Untitled by Pam Arbisi \u2707 84 FICTION The Pilot by Lauryn Dwyer \u2705 43-49 Cigars Are Meant to be Smoked by Melanie Vanderkolk \u2704 53-61 Painting Over by Sarah Broderick \u2706 65-75 POETRY The Fisherman by Beth Clevenstine \u2704 41 When Time Leaves Us by Rachel Wise \u2706 51 Reconstructing the Myth by Rachel Wise \u2706 63 Omission by Molly Graber \u2704 77-78 Here Always by Sarah Broderick \u2706 80-81 Destination Companion by Beth Clevenstine \u2704 83 All submissions are reviewed on an anonymous basis, and all editorial decisions are shared equally among the members of the Editorial Board. The winning submission for the 2003 Exile Poetry Competition was chosen by a faculty member from the English Department -34 Cover Art Florence Mannequin by Harper Leich \u2704 / Back Cover Art Firenze by Harper Leich \u2704 -34 Printed by Printing Arts Press -34 All submissions are reviewed on an anonymous basis, and all editorial decisions are shared equally among the members of the Editorial Board. -86 Printed by Printing Arts Press -86 NOTE: Both the Fall 2003 and Spring 2004 issues of Exile are included in these scans, as they are bound in a single volume. NOTE: The author of the poem Dinner with Daddy (19) is listed as Nicki Bennet in the table of contents and Nikki Bennet on the page where the work is published. Nikki Bennet is consistently credited as the author of the poem Leaving Behind Yaknapatawpha (20), while Nicki Bennet is consistently credited as the author of the poem Communion Cup (31). Only Nikki Bennett is listed in the Contributors\u27 Notes, and also as Co-Editor of the Poetry Board. Winner of Exile Prize for Poetry: Blackout by Derek Mong \u2704 (8-9

DTB 038 The Morris Family 7-4-2022

In this interview, the Morris family is interviewed by Kern Jackson, Philip Carr, Rachel Hines, and Latresha Maddix at their family reunion at the James Seals Jr. Park and Community Center in Mobile, Alabama. The Morris family begins by talking about their family history Down the Bay, and some of the people and places in the neighborhood that figure significantly in their memory. One particular such individual is Williamson High School principal Lemuel Keeby. Additional family members make occasional appearances in the interview as they move between rooms at the reunion

Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis and host RNA expression in Africa

Improved diagnostic tests for tuberculosis in children are needed. We hypothesized that transcriptional signatures of host blood could be used to distinguish tuberculosis from other diseases in African children who either were or were not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV

Spatial and Temporal Variations in SO 2 and PM 2.5 Levels Around Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i During 2007–2018

Among the hazards posed by volcanoes are the emissions of gases and particles that can affect air quality and damage agriculture and infrastructure. A recent intense episode of volcanic degassing associated with severe impacts on air quality accompanied the 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i. This resulted in a major increase in gas emission rates with respect to usual emission values for this volcano, along with a shift in the source of the dominant plume to a populated area on the lower flank of the volcano. This led to reduced air quality in downwind communities. We analyse open-access data from the permanent air quality monitoring networks operated by the Hawai'i Department of Health (HDOH) and National Park Service (NPS), and report on measurements of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) between 2007 and 2018 and PM2.5 (aerosol particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm) between 2010 and 2018. Additional air quality data were collected through a community-operated network of low-cost PM2.5 sensors during the 2018 LERZ eruption. From 2007 to 2018 the two most significant escalations in Kīlauea's volcanic emissions were: the summit eruption that began in 2008 (Kīlauea emissions averaged 5–6 kt/day SO2 from 2008 until summit activity decreased in May 2018) and the LERZ eruption in 2018 when SO2 emission rates reached a monthly average of 200 kt/day during June. In this paper we focus on characterizing the airborne pollutants arising from the 2018 LERZ eruption and the spatial distribution and severity of volcanic air pollution events across the Island of Hawai'i. The LERZ eruption caused the most frequent and severe exceedances of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PM2.5 air quality threshold (35 μg/m3 as a daily average) in Hawai'i in the period 2010–2018. In Kona, for example, the maximum 24-h-mean mass concentration of PM2.5 was recorded as 59 μg/m3 on the twenty-ninth of May 2018, which was one of eight recorded exceedances of the EPA air quality threshold during the 2018 LERZ eruption, where there had been no exceedances in the previous 8 years as measured by the HDOH and NPS networks. SO2 air pollution during the LERZ eruption was most severe in communities in the south and west of the island, as measured by selected HDOH and NPS stations in this study, with a maximum 24-h-mean mass concentration of 728 μg/m3 recorded in Ocean View (100 km west of the LERZ emission source) in May 2018. Data from the low-cost sensor network correlated well with data from the HDOH PM2.5 instruments, confirming that these low-cost sensors provide a robust means to augment reference-grade instrument networks