Grey Field - Search for an intermediate solution on the field of seating.

The appearance of chairs, and the way we sit haven’t really changed since centuries, despite developments in our lifestyle in the past one and a half century. Increasingly more people spend increasingly more time sitting unhealthily. The chair simply has not kept up with these developments and the new demands generated by them. There are still some very fundamental (ergonomic) problems with sitting, since it is not a natural position: it is indeed a paradox that the usage of conventional chairs still keeps increasing. This phenomena raises the question why still should we use these chairs if we have alternatives? The alternatives offer healthier position on the long run but only for a narrow group of people: in general we can say that we gain a more healthy position, but we lose the general usability. For example the kneeling chair puts unbearable stress on the knees for elderly people, or the saddle-chair is not usable with short skirt, etc. There are situations however where many different people have to be seated at the same time and these alternative solutions can not offer acceptable accommodation for all. Virtually we have two extremes, the conventional chair, characterized by general usability, but not particularly good for anyone and the alternative solutions, which while very favorable for a particular group, exclude others. Currently there is no gradual transition between the two, it is truly a black and white situation. This is where I see an unfilled gap even though the demand exists: there are several situations, spaces (e.g. waiting areas, auditoriums, restaurants, cafeteria) where general usability and a more healthy position would be beneficial. With my degree project I am exploring what is between the two extremes: what can be the gray between the black and the white? I am searching for the delicate balance and the right compromise between the two. The main aim of this degree project is to overcome this schism and offer ideas which could mean the way forward in seating design. The end result is a chair built on and mergeing the experiences accumulated in the field of sitting, which necessitated a comprehensive analysis of the already existing solutions. But this project points further than just a thesis topic, it holds much more potential. My goal was to create a framework of principles for myself which I can use as a guideline in the future as well, as the issues uncovered here are generally true and valid for a long time. They can form a solid basis for any future designs as comfort and usage should be an implicit starting point of any object

Stable Magnesium Isotope Variation in Melilite Mantle of Allende Type B1 CAI EK 459-5-1

Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the earliest formed crystalline material in our solar system and they record early Solar System processes. Here we present petrographic and delta Mg-25 data of melilite mantles in a Type B1 CAI that records early solar nebular processes

Mineralogy and Petrology of EK-459-5-1, A Type B1 CAI from Allende

Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are a type of coarse-grained clast composed of Ca-, Al-, and Mg-rich silicates and oxides found in chondrite meteorites. Type B (CAIs) are exclusively found in the CV chondrite meteorites and are the most well studied type of inclusion found in chondritic meteorites. Type B1 CAIs are distinguished by a nearly monomineralic rim of melilite that surrounds an interior predominantly composed of melilite, fassaite (Ti and Al-rich clinopyroxene), anorthite, and spinel with varying amounts of other minor primary and secondary phases. The formation of Type B CAIs has received considerable attention in the course of CAI research and quantitative models, experimental results and observations from Type B inclusions remain largely in disagreement. Recent experimental results and quantitative models have shown that the formation of B1 mantles could have occurred by the evaporative loss of Si and Mg during the crystallization of these objects. However, comparative studies suggest that the lower bulk SiO2 compositions in B1s result in more prior melilite crystallization before the onset of fassaite and anorthite crystallization leading to the formation of thick melilite rich rims in B1 inclusions. Detailed petrographic and cosmochemical studies of these inclusions will further our understanding of these complex objects

In Situ Trace Element Analysis of an Allende Type B1 CAI: EK-459-5-1

Variations in refractory major and trace element composition of calcium, aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) provide constraints on physical and chemical conditions and processes in the earliest stages of the Solar System. Previous work indicates that CAIs have experienced complex histories involving, in many cases, multiple episodes of condensation, evaporation, and partial melting. We have analyzed major and trace element abundances in two core to rim transects of the melilite mantle as well as interior major phases of a Type B1 CAI (EK-459-5-1) from Allende by electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to investigate the behavior of key trace elements with a primary focus on the REEs Tm and Yb

Al-Mg Isotope Study of Allende 5241

The defining characteristic of type B1 CAIs is a large (.5- 3mm) concentric melilite mantle [1]. In [2] we presented two isochrons from separate traverses across the melilite mantle of Allende EK 459-5-1. The primary petrographic differences between the traverses was the preservation of strong oscillatory zoning. The traverse that crossed the distinctive oscillatory zone produced a pristine internal isochron, while the other that did not have a strongly preserved oscillatory zone produced a disturbed isochron indicated by more scatter (higher MSWD) and a positive (delta)26Mg* intercept. The implication simply being that the oscillatory zone may represent varying conditions during the mantle formation event. We targeted a similar texture in Allende 5241 using the same methodology in an attempt to achieve similar results

Supra-Canonical Initial 26Al/27Al from a Reprocessed Allende CAI

No abstract availabl

New Petrology, Mineral Chemistry and Stable MG Isotope Compositions of an Allende CAI: EK-459-7-2

Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the key to understanding physical and chemical conditions in the nascent solar nebula. These inclusions have the oldest radiometric ages of solar system materials and are composed of phases that are predicted to condense early from a gas of solar composition. Thus, their chemistry and textures record conditions and processes in the earliest stages of development of the solar nebula. Type B inclusions are typically larger and more coarse grained than other types with substantial evidence that many of them were at least partially molten. Type B inclusions are further subdivided into Type B1 (possess thick melilite mantle) and Type B2 (lack melilite mantle). Despite being extensively studied, the origin of the melilite mantles of Type B1 inclusions remains uncertain. We present petrologic and chemical data for a Type B inclusion, EK-459-7-2, that bears features found in both Type B1 and B2 inclusions and likely represents an intermediate between the two types. Detailed studies of more of these intermediate objects may help to constrain models for Type B1 rim formation

Phenyl 2,3-O-isopropyl­idene-1-thio-α-d-rhamnopyran­oside

In the title compound, C15H20O4S, a dioxolane ring is fused to the pyran ring of the sugar which carries a thio­phenyl substituent on the anomeric C atom. The dioxolane ring adopts an envelope conformation and the pyran ring system a distorted 4 C 1 chair. The structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers that generate an R 2 2(10) ring motif. Additional C—H⋯O inter­actions form an extended network. Two C atoms of the phenyl ring are disordered over two positions; the site occupancy factors are ca. 0.7 and 0.3

Consumer Credit Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe. ECRI Research Report No. 3, 1 July 2002

[From the Introduction] Following the political changes of the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Central and East European countries (CEECs) experienced the birth of a new economic environment. A new banking system has been set up and new market players have started to provide a wide range of financial services. Many of the newcomers concentrated on the most profitable areas of banking operations, which did not include retail finance – at least in the first round. Those institutions that played a leading role in this market segment did not lose their position, but as more and more institutions started operations in the retail field, they acquired a continuously growing market share. These new retail service providers were forced to turn to a wider range of services because of the increasing competition in the corporate market. In addition it is worth mentioning that some consumer credit specialists are also present in the CEECs, and they are looking for ways to expand their business in the region. Retail markets are becoming more attractive for financial service providers, and the Central and East European countries have had to establish an adequate regulatory environment for this emerging and developing sector. At the same time, these countries have applied for EU membership, the basic criterion of which is compliance with European regulation. Different countries have used different methods to put their law in line with the relevant EU rules. Therefore, the CEECs will have to comply with consumer-related EU rules and establish policies in this context. Central and Eastern European regulators must make a policy choice: whether to follow a protectionist consumer policy or whether to support the development of free market access, with a satisfactory level of consumer protection. This is a policy decision, but compliance must be reached on the regulatory level: national rules must implement the EU consumer credit directives