25 research outputs found

    MolGraph: a Python package for the implementation of molecular graphs and graph neural networks with TensorFlow and Keras

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    Molecular machine learning (ML) has proven important for tackling various molecular problems, such as predicting molecular properties based on molecular descriptors or fingerprints. Since relatively recently, graph neural network (GNN) algorithms have been implemented for molecular ML, showing comparable or superior performance to descriptor or fingerprint-based approaches. Although various tools and packages exist to apply GNNs in molecular ML, a new GNN package, named MolGraph, was developed in this work with the motivation to create GNN model pipelines highly compatible with the TensorFlow and Keras application programming interface (API). MolGraph also implements a chemistry module to accommodate the generation of small molecular graphs, which can be passed to a GNN algorithm to solve a molecular ML problem. To validate the GNNs, they were benchmarked against the datasets of MoleculeNet, as well as three chromatographic retention time datasets. The results on these benchmarks illustrate that the GNNs performed as expected. Additionally, the GNNs proved useful for molecular identification and improved interpretability of chromatographic retention time data. MolGraph is available at https://github.com/akensert/molgraph. Installation, tutorials and implementation details can be found at https://molgraph.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 4 table

    Work environment, leadership and work climate : A quantitative study about mental health in Swedish workplaces

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    Det finns ett ökat intresse att förhindra psykisk ohĂ€lsa eftersom det pĂ„verkar mĂ„nga arbetstagare. NĂ„got som kan pĂ„verka arbetstagarnas psykiska hĂ€lsa i positiv mening Ă€r en stödjande ledare och en bra arbetsmiljö. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer i arbetet som kan vara viktiga och avgörande för att arbetstagare ska uppleva en bĂ€ttre psykisk hĂ€lsa, men Ă€ven om mĂ€n och kvinnor och offentlig och privat sektor skiljer sig Ă„t i upplevd psykisk hĂ€lsa. De frĂ„gestĂ€llningar som anvĂ€ndes för att besvara studiens syfte var: FrĂ„gestĂ€llning 1: Har arbetsmiljön och ledarskapet betydelse för arbetstagares psykiska hĂ€lsa? FrĂ„gestĂ€llning 2: Har arbetsklimatet en inverkan pĂ„ arbetstagares psykiska vĂ€lmĂ„ende? FrĂ„gestĂ€llning 3: Upplever kvinnor sĂ€mre psykisk hĂ€lsa Ă€n mĂ€n inom arbetslivet? FrĂ„gestĂ€llning 4: Upplever arbetstagare inom offentlig sektor sĂ€mre psykisk hĂ€lsa Ă€n arbetstagare inom privat sektor? I en enkĂ€tundersökning deltog totalt 100 arbetstagare.  Resultaten av korrelationsanalyser visade att en god arbetsmiljö och en bra ledare, samt ett bra arbetsklimat kan bidra till bĂ€ttre psykisk hĂ€lsa hos arbetstagarna. Resultatet av flervĂ€gs variansanalys för oberoende mĂ€tningar visade dĂ€remot ingen skillnad i upplevd psykisk hĂ€lsa bland mĂ€n och kvinnor, samt mellan offentlig och privat sektor. Slutsatsen Ă€r att arbetsmiljön, ledarskapet och arbetsklimatet verkar spela en betydelsefull roll för att arbetstagare ska uppleva en bĂ€ttre psykisk hĂ€lsa inom verksamheterna.The interest to prevent mental illness has grown since it affects many employees. Factors that could affect employees’ mental health in a positive direction are supportive leaders and good working environments. The aims of this study were to investigate what factors at work were vital for better experienced mental health of the employees’, and to investigate differences in mental health between men and women and between the public and private sectors. The research questions formulated were: Question 1: Do the working environment and leadership have any significance for the employees’ mental health? Question 2: Does the work climate have an effect on the employees’ well-being? Question 3: Do women experience worse mental health compared to men, at work? Question 4: Do employees’ within the public sector experience worse mental health compared to employees’ within the private sector? A total of 100 employees participated in a survey. The result of a correlation analysis showed that a good working environment, good leadership and a good working climate can contribute to improved mental health among the employees. The results from an analysis of variance test illustrated no significant difference in mental health between women and men or between public and private sector. The conclusion is that the work environment, the leadership and the work climate seems to play a meaningful role when it comes to better experienced mental health among the employees within both public and private sectors.

    Skoltrivsel i vÀstmanland : En kvantitativ undersökning baserad pÄ Liv och HÀlsa Ung 2012

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    Work environment, leadership and work climate : A quantitative study about mental health in Swedish workplaces

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    Det finns ett ökat intresse att förhindra psykisk ohĂ€lsa eftersom det pĂ„verkar mĂ„nga arbetstagare. NĂ„got som kan pĂ„verka arbetstagarnas psykiska hĂ€lsa i positiv mening Ă€r en stödjande ledare och en bra arbetsmiljö. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer i arbetet som kan vara viktiga och avgörande för att arbetstagare ska uppleva en bĂ€ttre psykisk hĂ€lsa, men Ă€ven om mĂ€n och kvinnor och offentlig och privat sektor skiljer sig Ă„t i upplevd psykisk hĂ€lsa. De frĂ„gestĂ€llningar som anvĂ€ndes för att besvara studiens syfte var: FrĂ„gestĂ€llning 1: Har arbetsmiljön och ledarskapet betydelse för arbetstagares psykiska hĂ€lsa? FrĂ„gestĂ€llning 2: Har arbetsklimatet en inverkan pĂ„ arbetstagares psykiska vĂ€lmĂ„ende? FrĂ„gestĂ€llning 3: Upplever kvinnor sĂ€mre psykisk hĂ€lsa Ă€n mĂ€n inom arbetslivet? FrĂ„gestĂ€llning 4: Upplever arbetstagare inom offentlig sektor sĂ€mre psykisk hĂ€lsa Ă€n arbetstagare inom privat sektor? I en enkĂ€tundersökning deltog totalt 100 arbetstagare.  Resultaten av korrelationsanalyser visade att en god arbetsmiljö och en bra ledare, samt ett bra arbetsklimat kan bidra till bĂ€ttre psykisk hĂ€lsa hos arbetstagarna. Resultatet av flervĂ€gs variansanalys för oberoende mĂ€tningar visade dĂ€remot ingen skillnad i upplevd psykisk hĂ€lsa bland mĂ€n och kvinnor, samt mellan offentlig och privat sektor. Slutsatsen Ă€r att arbetsmiljön, ledarskapet och arbetsklimatet verkar spela en betydelsefull roll för att arbetstagare ska uppleva en bĂ€ttre psykisk hĂ€lsa inom verksamheterna.The interest to prevent mental illness has grown since it affects many employees. Factors that could affect employees’ mental health in a positive direction are supportive leaders and good working environments. The aims of this study were to investigate what factors at work were vital for better experienced mental health of the employees’, and to investigate differences in mental health between men and women and between the public and private sectors. The research questions formulated were: Question 1: Do the working environment and leadership have any significance for the employees’ mental health? Question 2: Does the work climate have an effect on the employees’ well-being? Question 3: Do women experience worse mental health compared to men, at work? Question 4: Do employees’ within the public sector experience worse mental health compared to employees’ within the private sector? A total of 100 employees participated in a survey. The result of a correlation analysis showed that a good working environment, good leadership and a good working climate can contribute to improved mental health among the employees. The results from an analysis of variance test illustrated no significant difference in mental health between women and men or between public and private sector. The conclusion is that the work environment, the leadership and the work climate seems to play a meaningful role when it comes to better experienced mental health among the employees within both public and private sectors.

    GymnasielÀrares upplevelser kring betygsÀttning

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    Tidigare forskning har visat att lÀraryrket Àr ett av de stressigaste arbetena. Att sÀtta betyg anses vara lÀrarens svÄraste uppgift, ett felaktigt betyg kan leda till Ängest hos lÀraren. BetygsÀttning kan pÄverka relationen mellan lÀraren och eleven positivt eller negativt. Syftet med studien var att undersöka gymnasielÀrares kÀnslomÀssiga upplevelse vid betygsÀttning, samt om det nya betygsystemet underlÀttar vid betygsÀttning. Sexton gymnasielÀrare intervjuades. Deltagarna var mellan 37-59 Är gamla, sju arbetade pÄ friskola och nio pÄ kommunal skola. Intervjuerna analyserades och tre teman bildades: (1) osÀkerhet vid betygsÀttning, (2) lÀrares upplevelser vid felaktig bedömning och (3) konsekvenser av betygssystemsÀndring. Resultatet visade att deltagarna kÀnde sig stressade, trötta och oroliga vid betygsÀttning. Tolv av deltagarna upplevde att det nya betygsystemet bidrog till en enklare och rÀttvisare bedömning. Vid osÀkerhet gÀllande betygsÀttning tog 15 av deltagarna hjÀlp av kollegor. Slutsatser som drogs var att tydliga bedömningsmallar och samarbete mellan kollegor underlÀttar vid betygssÀttning.

    AnvÀndning av ögonspÄrning för att mÀta visuella signaler

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    Eye tracking technology is becoming more accessible in general, presenting new opportunities for applications. Said technology is also a relatively new and unexplored tool that can be used in research to enable insights not previously available. In this report, we use eye tracking to investigate whether the gaze of a human-like robot can have an impact on the ability to process visual cues, by directing our gaze towards or away from said cues. We used data from an eye tracking study, conducted by Morillo-Mendez et al., as basis for our report. The study contained two different types of trials, where participants sat in front of a robot that either turned its head towards or away from a stimulus on a screen. The eye tracking data was used to separately compare response time and reaction time from the two trial types and it was found that the both were faster on average in trials where the robot looked towards the correct screen.ÖgonspĂ„rningsteknik blir alltmer tillgĂ€nglig, vilket ger upphov till nya möjligheter för tillĂ€mpningar. Denna teknik Ă€r ocksĂ„ ett relativt nytt och outforskat verktyg som kan anvĂ€ndas i forskning för att fĂ„ insikter som tidigare inte var möjliga. I denna rapport anvĂ€nder vi oss av ögonspĂ„rning för att utreda huruvida blicken av en mĂ€nniskolik robot kan pĂ„verka förmĂ„gan att bearbeta visuella signaler genom att styra vĂ„r blick mot eller ifrĂ„n dessa signaler. Datan vi anvĂ€nder som grund för denna rapport kommer frĂ„n ett vetenskaplig experiment, utfört av Morillo-Mendez et al., som innefattade ögonspĂ„rning. Experimentet innehöll tvĂ„ typer av försök dĂ€r deltagarna i experimentet satt framför en robot som antingen vĂ€nde sig mot eller bort frĂ„n en hĂ€ndelse pĂ„ en skĂ€rm. ÖgonspĂ„rningsdatan anvĂ€ndes sedan för att jĂ€mföra svarstid respektive reaktionstid frĂ„n de tvĂ„ försökstyperna och det upptĂ€cktes att bĂ„de svarstiden och reaktionstiden i genomsnitt var snabbare i de försök dĂ€r roboten tittade mot mĂ„lskĂ€rmen

    AnvÀndning av ögonspÄrning för att mÀta visuella signaler

    No full text
    Eye tracking technology is becoming more accessible in general, presenting new opportunities for applications. Said technology is also a relatively new and unexplored tool that can be used in research to enable insights not previously available. In this report, we use eye tracking to investigate whether the gaze of a human-like robot can have an impact on the ability to process visual cues, by directing our gaze towards or away from said cues. We used data from an eye tracking study, conducted by Morillo-Mendez et al., as basis for our report. The study contained two different types of trials, where participants sat in front of a robot that either turned its head towards or away from a stimulus on a screen. The eye tracking data was used to separately compare response time and reaction time from the two trial types and it was found that the both were faster on average in trials where the robot looked towards the correct screen.ÖgonspĂ„rningsteknik blir alltmer tillgĂ€nglig, vilket ger upphov till nya möjligheter för tillĂ€mpningar. Denna teknik Ă€r ocksĂ„ ett relativt nytt och outforskat verktyg som kan anvĂ€ndas i forskning för att fĂ„ insikter som tidigare inte var möjliga. I denna rapport anvĂ€nder vi oss av ögonspĂ„rning för att utreda huruvida blicken av en mĂ€nniskolik robot kan pĂ„verka förmĂ„gan att bearbeta visuella signaler genom att styra vĂ„r blick mot eller ifrĂ„n dessa signaler. Datan vi anvĂ€nder som grund för denna rapport kommer frĂ„n ett vetenskaplig experiment, utfört av Morillo-Mendez et al., som innefattade ögonspĂ„rning. Experimentet innehöll tvĂ„ typer av försök dĂ€r deltagarna i experimentet satt framför en robot som antingen vĂ€nde sig mot eller bort frĂ„n en hĂ€ndelse pĂ„ en skĂ€rm. ÖgonspĂ„rningsdatan anvĂ€ndes sedan för att jĂ€mföra svarstid respektive reaktionstid frĂ„n de tvĂ„ försökstyperna och det upptĂ€cktes att bĂ„de svarstiden och reaktionstiden i genomsnitt var snabbare i de försök dĂ€r roboten tittade mot mĂ„lskĂ€rmen

    Transfer Learning with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Classifying Cellular Morphological Changes

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    The quantification and identification of cellular phenotypes from high-content microscopy images has proven to be very useful for understanding biological activity in response to different drug treatments. The traditional approach has been to use classical image analysis to quantify changes in cell morphology, which requires several nontrivial and independent analysis steps. Recently, convolutional neural networks have emerged as a compelling alternative, offering good predictive performance and the possibility to replace traditional workflows with a single network architecture. In this study, we applied the pretrained deep convolutional neural networks ResNet50, InceptionV3, and InceptionResnetV2 to predict cell mechanisms of action in response to chemical perturbations for two cell profiling datasets from the Broad Bioimage Benchmark Collection. These networks were pretrained on ImageNet, enabling much quicker model training. We obtain higher predictive accuracy than previously reported, between 95% and 97%. The ability to quickly and accurately distinguish between different cell morphologies from a scarce amount of labeled data illustrates the combined benefit of transfer learning and deep convolutional neural networks for interrogating cell-based images.status: publishe

    Transfer Learning with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Classifying Cellular Morphological Changes

    No full text
    The quantification and identification of cellular phenotypes from high-content microscopy images has proven to be very useful for understanding biological activity in response to different drug treatments. The traditional approach has been to use classical image analysis to quantify changes in cell morphology, which requires several nontrivial and independent analysis steps. Recently, convolutional neural networks have emerged as a compelling alternative, offering good predictive performance and the possibility to replace traditional workflows with a single network architecture. In this study, we applied the pretrained deep convolutional neural networks ResNet50, InceptionV3, and InceptionResnetV2 to predict cell mechanisms of action in response to chemical perturbations for two cell profiling datasets from the Broad Bioimage Benchmark Collection. These networks were pretrained on ImageNet, enabling much quicker model training. We obtain higher predictive accuracy than previously reported, between 95% and 97%. The ability to quickly and accurately distinguish between different cell morphologies from a scarce amount of labeled data illustrates the combined benefit of transfer learning and deep convolutional neural networks for interrogating cell-based images
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