Demonstration of chewing-related areas in the brain via functional magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose: To localize and identify chewing-related areas and their connections with other centres in the human brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Material and methods: The paradigm of the present study was block designed. Spontaneous and controlled chewing with sugar-free gum was used as the main task in a 3-Tesla fMRI unit with a 32-channel birdcage coil. Our study population comprised 32 healthy volunteers. To determine possible intersections, we also put the rosary pulling (silent tell one's beads) movement in the fMRI protocol. The data analyses were performed with the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) toolbox integrated into the Matlab platform. Results: The superomedial part of the right cerebellum was activated during either pulling rosary beads or spontaneous chewing. This region, however, was not activated during controlled chewing. We did not find statistically significant activation or connection related to the brain stem. Conclusion: We have confirmed that the cerebellum plays an important role in chewing. However, we could not find a definite central pattern generator (CPG) in the brain stem, which has been hypothesized to underlie spontaneous chewing

Synthesis, characterization and cyclization reactions of some new bisthiosemicarbazones

The reaction of trans-1, 4-dichloro-2-butene 1 with selected phenols affords (E)-1, 4-bis(aryloxy)-2-butenes 2a-d which are converted into bis-thiosemicarbazones 3a-h via the reactions with thiosemicarbazide and 4-methyl thiosemicarbazide, respectively. Similarly, 4-methyl-5-ethoxycarbonyl- 2, 3-dihydro-1, 3-thiazoles 4a-h are synthesized via the reaction of bis-thiosemicarbazones 3a-h with ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate. trans-1, 4-Dithiocyanato-2-butene 5 is obtained from the reaction of KSCN and trans-1, 4-dichloro-2-butene 1. Furthermore, the bis-2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles 6k and l are obtained from the reaction of trans-1, 4-dithiocyanato-2-butene 5 with thiosemicarbazide and 4-methyl thiosemicarbazide, respectively. These compounds are characterized by elemental analyses, infrared, 1H-, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. Finally, the microbial features of all compounds are determined. Some of them exhibited microbial activities at low level, and the electronic absorption spectra of the compounds 3b, d, f and h are measured in organic solvents (MeOH, DMF, DMSO and 1, 4-dioxane) with various polarities

Primary Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Marked Intraluminal Mucin Secretion

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma with mucin secretion is an unexpected situation. Primary renal adenocarcinoma and various metastatic carcinomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Prognostic significance is not yet fully known due to the limited number of reported cases, and these lesions have been grouped under unclassified renal cell carcinoma. In our study, clear cell renal cell carcinoma with significant luminal mucin secretion is discussed with its histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical features

The Value of Serum Biomarkers (Bc1, Bc2, Bc3) in the Diagnosis of Early Breast Cancer

Background: Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF) is an approach to biomarker discovery that combines chromatography and mass spectrometry. We aimed to consider the efficacy of Bc1, Bc2, and Bc3 serum biomarkers on early detection of breast cancer (BC) in this study

Intra-operative diagnosis of an adult ureterocele complicated by hydronephrosis: a case report

Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of the terminal ureter. Hydronephrosis is less commonly reported in individuals with ureterocele. We report a unique case of an incidental ureterocele with hydronephrosis in a 47-year-old woman; diagnosed with intraoperative control cystoscopy while performing total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy

AI for World Bank Group (WBG) Library Intelligent Search: An Exploration of Three Technologies

The WBG Library (ITSLP) is seeking innovative solutions to develop a Discovery Tool that allows an efficient search process by providing applicable and relevant search results to library clients from numerous data sources. While some sources are freely available and easy to access for resolving results, others only provide relatively basic metadata due to the API request and require a subscription. Therefore, a tool configured to search effectively, returning and surfacing relevant and democratized results leveraging the limited metadata fields (keywords, title, source title, date, etc.) offered in most data sources are highly needed. Considering the above challenges, the Technology & Innovation Lab (ITSTI) team of the WBG explored four different tools with key data sources to guide the design of possible solutions under the following conditions: keeping small scope in terms of data sources to work efficiently during the exploration and focusing on high-value data sources with minimal and/or varied metadata, leverage subject matter expert's feedback

2-Benzoylmethyl-4-[(2-benzylidene­ethylidene)amino]-5-(2-thienylmethyl)-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C24H20N4O2S, the dihedral angle between the triazole and thio­phene rings is 66.80 (4)° and the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 63.37 (4)°. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action results in the formation of a six-membered ring. A π⋯π contact between the benzene rings, [centroid–centroid distance = 3.918 (2) Å] may stabilize the structure. Weak C—H⋯π inter­actions are also present. The S, C and H atoms of the thiophene ring are disordered over two positions and were refined with occupancies of 0.654 (3) and 0.346 (3)