VIOLÊNCIA NAS RELAÇÕES DE INTIMIDADE ENTRE ADOLESCENTES ESCOLARES

Objetivos: elaborar propostas de prevenção e redução da violência em relações de intimidade, considerando que a escola é um espaço de integração entre esses jovens; identificar os tipos de violência mais comum em relações de intimidades entre adolescentes; identificar os fatores de risco para ocorrência de violências em relações de intimidades no contexto dos adolescentes escolares; e fomentar a articulação entre ensino e serviços na área da saúde, entre a Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana e a comunidade escolar, através do Espaço Saúde do Adolescente. Material e Método: O estudo realizado fez parte do projeto intitulado Diagnóstico da Violência e Estratégias de Construção da Paz nas Escolas Municipais de Feira de Santana-BA, com resolução CONSEPE 039/2012. Trata-se de um projeto de intervenção. Resultados: Levando em consideração que a adolescência é uma fase vulnerável, de mudanças biológicas e psicológicas, foram realizadas oficinas sobre: "setembro amarelo" com o enfoque na valorização da vida, visto que conflitos amorosos são fatores de risco para sofrimento psíquico, incluindo quadros depressivos e violências; prevenção do uso/abuso de álcool; cigarro eletrônico; Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e gravidez; automutilação. Considerações Finais: O estudo, mostrou a importância de atividades que promovem a interação acadêmico-comunitária. Percebendo que os benefícios são tanto para o bolsista quanto para a comunidade escolar, no qual ocorre uma troca mútua de conhecimentos

IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE FUNGOS PATOGÊNICOS EM AREIA DA PRAIA DO CALHAU, SÃO LUÍS-MA, LITORAL NORDESTE DO BRASIL

Over the last years there has been an increase in the number of people who develop mycoses, especially those who frequent the beaches and use the sand area as part of recreation. This leads to greater concerns about microbial contamination. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify the presence of pathogenic fungi in sand samples from Calhau beach, São Luís-MA. Sand samples were collected from three points of the beach, taking into consideration the parts with the largest flow of people. Mycological analysis was performed by the scattering technique. The main genera found were Chaetonium, Trichophyton, Aspergillus e Candida, the last three being of great clinical interest. The sand samples analyzed shown that Calhau beach in São Luís-MA has a variety of pathogenic fungi that can adhere to the visitors’ epidermis, leading to possible mycoses. Therefore, greater monitoring on the beaches is suggested, not only for the water zone, but also for the wet and dry areas, as regards the sanitary aspect.En los últimos años ha habido un aumento en los casos de micosis contraídos por personas que frecuentan las playas y utilizan sus arenas como recreación. Esto ha llevado a mayores preocupaciones con relación a contaminación microbiana. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la presencia de hongos patógenos en muestras de arena de la playa de Calhau, São Luís-MA. Se tomaron muestras de arena de tres puntos de la playa, teniendo en cuenta las partes con mayor flujo de personas, el análisis micológico se realizó mediante la técnica de dispersión. Entre los principales hallazgos, destacamos hongos del género Chaetonium sp. y Trichophyton sp., así como variedades del género Aspergillus y Candida, que son de gran interés clínico. Las muestras de arena analizadas muestran que la playa de Calhau en São Luís-MA presenta una variedad de hongos patógenos que pueden adherirse a la epidermis de los asiduos y generar posibles micosis. Por lo tanto, se sugiere un mayor monitoreo en las playas, no solo para la zona de agua, sino también para las áreas húmedas y secas, en lo que respecta al aspecto sanitario.Nos últimos anos foi verificado um aumento dos casos de micoses contraídas por pessoas que frequentam as praias e utilizam suas areias como local de recreação. Isso tem ocasionado maiores preocupações com a contaminação microbiana. Sendo assim o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar a presença de fungos patogênicos em amostras de areia da praia do Calhau, São Luís-MA. As amostras de areia foram coletadas em três pontos da praia, levando-se em consideração aqueles que apresentam um maior fluxo de pessoas. A análise micológica foi realizada pela técnica de espalhamento. Os principais gêneros encontrados foram Chaetonium, Trichophyton, Aspergillus e Candida, sendo os três últimos de grande relevância clínica. As amostras de areia analisadas mostram que a praia do Calhau em São Luís-MA apresenta uma variedade de fungos patogênicos que podem aderir à epiderme dos frequentadores e gerar possíveis micoses.  Portanto, sugere-se um monitoramento maior nas praias, não só para a zona hídrica, mas também para as zonas secas e úmidas, no que diz respeito ao aspecto sanitário

Ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional para oficiais do Exército Brasileiro: um relato de experiência

The present work aimed at externalizing the practical experience of Food and Nutrition Education actions for workers occurred through an intervention carried out with officers of the Brazilian Army. The intervention addressed actions to recognize the routine and general characteristics of the commensals and the Food Unit that serves them, followed by the elucidation, through intervention, with active participation of the listeners, about adequate food practices and possible to be adopted by them in order to to provide better quality of life for the diners and the best cost benefit to the company. Finally, a questionnaire was applied with questions inherent to the subjects that were treated at the time of the intervention. The results achieved with the intervention were satisfactory and reinforce the importance of the EAN.El presente trabajo objetivó externar la experiencia práctica de acciones de Educación Alimentaria Nutricional para trabajadores ocurrida por medio de una intervención realizada con oficiales del Ejército Brasileño. La intervención abordó acciones de reconocimiento de la rutina y características generales de los comensales y de la Unidad de alimentación que los sirve, seguida de la elucidación, por medio de intervención, con participación activa de los oyentes, sobre prácticas alimentarias adecuadas y posibles de ser adoptadas por éstos a fin de proporcionar mejor calidad de vida a los comensales y un mejor costo beneficio a la empresa. Por último, se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas inherentes a los temas tratados en el momento de la intervención. Los resultados alcanzados con la intervención fueron satisfactorios y refuerzan la importancia de la EAN.O presente trabalho objetivou externar a experiência prática de ações de Educação Alimentar Nutricional para trabalhadores ocorrida por meio de uma intervenção realizada com oficiais do Exército Brasileiro. A intervenção abordou ações de reconhecimento da rotina e características gerais dos comensais e da Unidade de alimentação que os serve, seguida da elucidação, por meio de intervenção, com participação ativa dos ouvintes, sobre práticas alimentares adequadas e possíveis de serem adotadas por estes a fim de proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida aos comensais e melhor custo benefício à empresa. Por fim, aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas inerentes aos temas que foram tratados no momento da intervenção. Os resultados alcançados com a intervenção foram satisfatórios e reforçam a importância da EAN

Extensão universitária: contribuições de palestras temáticas no processo formativo de professores de Química

Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver atividades com os licenciandos em Química, tendo em vista aproximação com outros setores sociais, bem como outros espaços acadêmicos, tendo em vista uma compreensão da responsabilidade e compromisso social de sua profissão. A equipe organizadora foi constituída por seis discentes dos cursos de Química, sendo realizado o levantamento dos interesses dos licenciandos, por meio de um formulário online. Também foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os docentes palestrantes e os discentes que assistiram às palestras. Além disso, também integrou o corpus da análise, os relatos dos discentes executores das atividades. Os resultados apontaram que o macrotema de maior interesse dos licenciandos foi “ciência, tecnologia e inovação” (24%), enquanto o macrotema “processos de globalização e política internacional” (0%) não despertou o interesse do licenciandos. A partir disso, foram organizadas oito palestras, presencial e remotamente

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials