Physical Activity, Cognition and Aging: An Urban Community Study

One important factor for healthy aging is the activity, which refers to physical and cognitive exercises done individually or in groups. In Brazil this relationship is still few explored. The goal of this study was to compare the cognitive performance of active and sedentary elderly from community. 394 community elderly people, with mean age of 71.01 (SD = 8.05) and 6.10 (SD = 4.52) years of scholarship, from community were assessed. MMSE, Digit Span and Verbal Fluency beyond and a questionnaire about physical activity were used. The results showed that most of the elderly people was female (69.5%), with 43.9% practicing some physical activity and from these, more than a half done by own will, specially walk. The most actives were younger, had higher scores in cognitive assessment and had more schooling. It was observed a statistically significant relationship between activity, scholarship and cognition. Further studies could explore the relationship between these variables for the implementation of effective health policies for the aging population

Nursing care and actions in mental health in a psychiatric day hospital: an integrative review

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura evidências disponíveis sobre as ações e os cuidados de enfermagem em saúde mental num hospital-dia psiquiátrico. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada a partir de busca on-line de estudos nas bases de dados: LLILACS, MEDLINE e BDENF, tendo como critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol no período de 1997 a 2012 e que abordassem a temática em questão. Resultados: Os cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes acompanhados em hospitais-dia focam atividades terapêuticas interdisciplinares voltadas à reinserção da pessoa que sofre com transtornos mentais ao convívio familiar e em sociedade. Conclusão: A Enfermagem tem priorizado um cuidado pautado na humanização e na integralidade da atenção no espaço do hospital-dia, a partir da priorização de atividades terapêuticas interdisciplinares.&nbsp

Nursing care and actions in mental health in a psychiatric day hospital: an integrative review

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura evidências disponíveis sobre as ações e os cuidados de enfermagem em saúde mental num hospital-dia psiquiátrico. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada a partir de busca on-line de estudos nas bases de dados: LLILACS, MEDLINE e BDENF, tendo como critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol no período de 1997 a 2012 e que abordassem a temática em questão. Resultados: Os cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes acompanhados em hospitais-dia focam atividades terapêuticas interdisciplinares voltadas à reinserção da pessoa que sofre com transtornos mentais ao convívio familiar e em sociedade. Conclusão: A Enfermagem tem priorizado um cuidado pautado na humanização e na integralidade da atenção no espaço do hospital-dia, a partir da priorização de atividades terapêuticas interdisciplinares.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost