113 research outputs found
Demonstration of a Quantum Gate using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
We demonstrate a native gate between two individually
addressed neutral atoms based on electromagnetically induced transparency
(EIT). This protocol utilizes the strong long-range interactions of Rydberg
states to enable conditional state transfer on the target qubit when operated
in the blockade regime. An advantage of this scheme is it enables
implementation of multi-qubit CNOT gates using a pulse sequence independent
of qubit number, and provides an simple gate for efficient implementation of
quantum algorithms and error correction. We achieve a loss corrected gate
fidelity of , and prepare an
entangled Bell-state with ,
limited at present by laser power. We present a number of technical
improvements to advance this to a level required for fault-tolerant scaling.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures plus Supplementary Materia
Fluctuating magnetic moments in liquid metals
We re-analyze literature data on neutron scattering by liquid metals to show
that non-magnetic liquid metals possess a magnetic moment that fluctuates on a
picosecond time scale. This time scale follows the motion of the cage-diffusion
process in which an ion rattles around in the cage formed by its neighbors. We
find that these fluctuating magnetic moments are present in liquid Hg, Al, Ga
and Pb, and possibly also in the alkali metals.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Z-Selective Cross-Metathesis and Homodimerization of 3E-1,3-Dienes: Reaction Optimization, Computational Analysis, and Synthetic Applications
Olefin metathesis reactions with 3E-1,3-dienes using Z-selective cyclometalated ruthenium benzylidene catalysts are described. In particular, a procedure for employing 3E-1,3-dienes in Z-selective homodimerization and cross-metathesis with terminal alkenes is detailed. The reaction takes advantage of the pronounced chemoselectivity of a recently reported ruthenium-based catalyst containing a cyclometalated NHC ligand for terminal alkenes in the presence of internal E-alkenes. A wide array of commonly encountered functional groups can be tolerated, and only a small excess (1.5 equiv) of the diene coupling partner is required to achieve high yields of the desired internal E,Z-diene cross-metathesis product. Computational studies have been performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism. The computations are consistent with a diene-first pathway. The reaction can be used to quickly assemble structurally complex targets. The power of this cross-metathesis reaction is demonstrated by the concise syntheses of two insect pheromones
Tridentate Directing Groups Stabilize 6-Membered Palladacycles in Catalytic Alkene Hydrofunctionalization
Removable tridentate directing groups
inspired by pincer ligands
have been designed to stabilize otherwise kinetically and thermodynamically
disfavored 6-membered alkyl palladacycle intermediates. This family
of directing groups enables regioselective remote hydrocarbofunctionalization
of several synthetically useful alkene-containing substrate classes,
including 4-pentenoic acids, allylic alcohols, homoallyl amines, and
bis-homoallylamines, under Pd(II) catalysis. In conjunction with previous
findings, we demonstrate regiodivergent hydrofunctionalization of
3-butenoic acid derivatives to afford either Markovnikov or anti-Markovnikov
addition products depending on directing group choice. Preliminary
mechanistic and computational data are presented to support the proposed
catalytic cycle
Using Online Role-playing Games for Entrepreneurship Training
This edited collection of chapters explores the application, potential and challenges of game-based learning and gamification across multiple disciplines and sectors, including psychology, education, business, history, languages and the ..
Hydrogen-Bonded Homoleptic Fluoride–Diarylurea Complexes::Structure, Reactivity, and Coordinating Power
Hydrogen-bonding with fluoride is a key interaction encountered when analyzing the mode of action of 5'-fluoro-5'-deoxyadenosine synthase, the only known enzyme capable of catalyzing the formation of a C-F bond from F-. Further understanding of the effect of hydrogen-bonding on the structure and reactivity of complexed fluoride is therefore important for catalysis and numerous other applications, such as anion supramolecular chemistry. Herein we disclose a detailed study examining the structure of 18 novel urea-fluoride complexes in the solid state, by X-ray and neutron diffraction, and in solution phase and explore the reactivity of these complexes as a fluoride source in SN2 chemistry. Experimental data show that the structure, coordination strength and reactivity of the urea-fluoride complexes are tunable by modifying substituents on the urea receptor. Hammett analysis of aryl groups on the urea indicates that fluoride bind-ing is dependent on [sigma]p and [sigma]m parameters with stronger binding being observed for electron-deficient urea ligands. For the first time, defined urea-fluoride complexes are used as fluoride-binding reagents for the nucleophilic substitution of a model alkyl bromide. The reaction is slower in comparison with known alcohol-fluoride complexes, but SN2 is largely favored over E2, at a ratio surpassing all hydrogen-bonded complexes documented in the literature for the model alkyl bromide employed. Increased second-order rate constants at higher dilution support the hypothesis that the reactive species is a 1:1 urea-fluoride complex of type [UF]- (U = urea) resulting from partial dissociation of the parent compound [U2F]- . The dissociation processes can be quantified through a combination of UV and NMR assays, including DOSY and HOESY analyses that illuminate the complexation state and H-bonding in solution
Hydrogen-Bonded Homoleptic FluorideDiarylurea Complexes: Structure, Reactivity, and Coordinating Power
Elderly with Autism: Executive Functions and Memory
Cognitive autism research is mainly focusing on children and young adults even though we know that autism is a life-long disorder and that healthy aging already has a strong impact on cognitive functioning. We compared the neuropsychological profile of 23 individuals with autism and 23 healthy controls (age range 51–83 years). Deficits were observed in attention, working memory, and fluency. Aging had a smaller impact on fluency in the high functioning autism (HFA) group than in the control group, while aging had a more profound effect on visual memory performance in the HFA group. Hence, we provide novel evidence that elderly with HFA have subtle neuropsychological deficits and that the developmental trajectories differ between elderly with and without HFA in particular cognitive domains
Оптимизация конструкции захвата для детали «Барабан»
Грузозахватные приспособления обычно применяются при производстве работ по подъему и перемещению грузов с применением грузоподъемных машин. Использование приспособлений позволяет реализовать максимальное удобство и безопасность производственного процесса. Грузозахватные приспособления конструируются для определенного этапа технологического процесса, для конкретного изделия. При проектировании таких приспособлений необходимо учитывать основные показатели оптимальности конструкции: прочность, надежность, простота, удобство и безопасность при эксплуатации, эргономичность. Кроме того, нужно стремиться к наименьшей массе и, соответственно, металлоемкости захвата. Конструкция грузозахватного приспособления, в основном, будет зависеть от назначенных технологом поверхностей, за которые можно крепиться и от максимальной высоты подъема крюка крана. В статье описана задача по конструированию захвата для детали «Барабан¬ в новом технологическом процессе. Рассмотрена конструкция существующего захвата, взятого за прототип. Приведен анализ различных вариантов конструктивных решений, созданных в процессе проектирования. Выбран вариант конструкции захвата, который в наибольшей степени соответствует требованиям технического задания. Конструкция этого модернизированного приспособления представляет собой захват с тремя лапами, удерживающими деталь, и подвес в виде траверсы. Разработанная конструкторская документация утверждена производством и отделом промышленной безопасности
- …