Применение Wireshark для детектриования инцидентов информационной безопасности

Wireshark является широко используемым анализатором сетевых протоколов и пакетов. Данная статья посвящена практическим способам детектирования инцидентов информационной безопасности в сети предприятия на основе анализа трафика с помощью анализатора пакетов Wireshark. Рассмотрены такие атаки как ARP-spoofing, DDoS, рассмотрено детектирование наличия ботов в сети как по прямым признакам, так и по косвенным, представлены основные пункты детектирования подключения к сети Tor.Wireshark is a widely used traffic and packet analyzer. This article is devoted to practical methods of detecting information security incidents in an enterprise network based on traffic analysis using the Wireshark packet analyzer. Attacks such as ARP-spoofing, DDoS are considered, detection of the presence of bots in the network is regarded both by direct and indirect characteristics, and the main points of detection of connection to the Tor network are presented

Биоразнообразие насекомых как показатель экологического состояния территорий юга Казахстана

Представлены результаты визуальных полевых учетов состава индикаторных видов насекомых и их численности, выраженной в баллах, для природных и антропогенно трансформированных территорий юга Казахстана. Выяснена информативность различных индексов видового разнообразия насекомых при пятибалльной оценке численности. Для исследованных территорий наиболее информативными показателями по диапазону изменчивости было число зарегистрированных видов, а также индекс полидоминантности и индекс Маргалефа. При использованных стандартных условиях визуальных учетов между числом всех отмеченных индикаторных видов, а также числом видов из отдельных отрядов (х) и их численностью в баллах (у) установлена линейная зависимость вида y= 2,8x. Полученные данные позволяют считать, что разнообразие индикаторных видов насекомых может быть наиболее простым и информативным региональным показателем экологического состояния отдельных территорий

Motivation for employers to carry out workplace health promotion: literature review

Workplace health promotion (WHP) is the combined efforts of employers, workers and society to improve the health and wellbeing of people at work. This can be achieved by: improving the work organisation and the work environment; promoting the active participation of all stakeholders in the process, and encouraging personal development. It is important to note that WHP aims to be a complementary support for, but not a replacement of, workplace risk management. Proper risk management is an essential foundation for a successful WHP programme. Developing and sustaining a healthy work environment and workforce has clear benefits for companies and employees, but can also lead to an improvement in social and economic development at local, regional, national and European level. This report presents the findings of a literature review that aims to identify the key reasons, arguments and motivation for employers to carry out workplace health promotion initiatives, and discusses some of the associated challenges and obstacles. This knowledge can be used to encourage and motivate employers to start WHP

Sex-biased parental care and sexual size dimorphism in a provisioning arthropod

The diverse selection pressures driving the evolution of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) have long been debated. While the balance between fecundity selection and sexual selection has received much attention, explanations based on sex-specific ecology have proven harder to test. In ectotherms, females are typically larger than males, and this is frequently thought to be because size constrains female fecundity more than it constrains male mating success. However, SSD could additionally reflect maternal care strategies. Under this hypothesis, females are relatively larger where reproduction requires greater maximum maternal effort – for example where mothers transport heavy provisions to nests. To test this hypothesis we focussed on digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Ammophilini), a relatively homogeneous group in which only females provision offspring. In some species, a single large prey item, up to 10 times the mother’s weight, must be carried to each burrow on foot; other species provide many small prey, each flown individually to the nest. We found more pronounced female-biased SSD in species where females carry single, heavy prey. More generally, SSD was negatively correlated with numbers of prey provided per offspring. Females provisioning multiple small items had longer wings and thoraxes, probably because smaller prey are carried in flight. Despite much theorising, few empirical studies have tested how sex-biased parental care can affect SSD. Our study reveals that such costs can be associated with the evolution of dimorphism, and this should be investigated in other clades where parental care costs differ between sexes and species

Solubility of Rock in Steam Atmospheres of Planets

Extensive experimental studies show that all major rock-forming elements (e.g., Si, Mg, Fe, Ca, Al, Na, K) dissolve in steam to a greater or lesser extent. We use these results to compute chemical equilibrium abundances of rocky-element-bearing gases in steam atmospheres equilibrated with silicate magma oceans. Rocky elements partition into steam atmospheres as volatile hydroxide gases (e.g., Si(OH)4, Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)2, Ni(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH) and via reaction with HF and HCl as volatile halide gases (e.g., NaCl, KCl, CaFOH, CaClOH, FAl(OH)2) in much larger amounts than expected from their vapor pressures over volatile-free solid or molten rock at high temperatures expected for steam atmospheres on the early Earth and hot rocky exoplanets. We quantitatively compute the extent of fractional vaporization by defining gas/magma distribution coefficients and show that Earth's subsolar Si/Mg ratio may be due to loss of a primordial steam atmosphere. We conclude that hot rocky exoplanets that are undergoing or have undergone escape of steam-bearing atmospheres may experience fractional vaporization and loss of Si, Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Ca, Na, and K. This loss can modify their bulk composition, density, heat balance, and interior structure

Psychosocial risk factors in hotels, restaurants and the catering sector

W artykule przedstawiono psychospołeczne czynniki ryzyka występujące w sektorze hotelarskim i gastronomicznym. Zaprezentowano aktualne wyniki badań wskazujące na psychospołeczne czynniki ryzyka występujące w tym sektorze i konsekwencje tych czynników dla zdrowia pracowników. Przedstawiono również działania podejmowane na szczeblu europejskim i krajowym mające na celu poprawę warunków pracy i zdrowia pracowników sektora hotelarskiego i gastronomicznego.This article is devoted to psychosocial risk factors in the hotel, restaurant and catering sector (so-called HoReCa). Current results of surveys point to adverse psychosocial risk factors in this sector and their influence on the workers' health. Actions and ventures undertaken on the European and domestic level in order to improve workers' working conditions and health are also presented

New species of the digger wasps genus Lindenius Lepeletier et Brulle, 1834 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) from Kazakhstan

Two new species of the genus Lindenius (Crabronidae) from Kazakhstan are described in the article: Lindenius jakushkini Kazenas, sp. n. (South-Eastern Kazakhstan) and Lindenius gvozdevi Kazenas, sp. n. (Southern Kazakhstan and Northern Uzbekistan). Data on places of storage of types, the differential diagnosis and name etymology are resulted. Both species concern to the group of species having deep lateral incisions of the clypeus, almost reaching eyes. Lindenius jakushkini sp. n. is closest to S. subaeneus Lepeletier et Brullé, 1835 and L. affinis Kazenas, 1973. From the first species it differs by not compressed pygidial plate of a female, from the second by almost direct fore margin of a clypeus (between lateral corners), the wide and pointed lateral teeth of a clypeus and widely rounded pigidial field of a male. Lindenius gvozdevi sp. n. differs from all closely related species having deep lateral incisions of the clypeus by a pair of slightly flattened transverse nodosities on the pronotu