Language learner beliefs and study abroad: A study on English as a lingua franca (ELF)

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The English language used to be specific to English-speaking countries such as the U.S.; however, it has evolved to become the new lingua franca all around the world. Considering the growing number of students studying abroad in English as a lingua franca (ELF) communities, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Turkish exchange students’ beliefs about English language learning and their study abroad sojourns in ELF contexts. The data were collected mainly through three instruments: language learner belief questionnaire (LLBQ), elicited journals, and a study abroad perception questionnaire (SAPQ). The quantitative and qualitative results revealed three important findings. First, there is a bi-directional relationship between students’ pre- and post-beliefs about English language learning and their perceptions of study abroad experiences. Second, Turkish exchange students’ overall beliefs remained almost the same across pre- and post-study abroad, suggesting that students might need stays longer than five months to have any observable changes in their beliefs about language learning. Third, although the current study’s participants reported a commitment toward native-speaker norms, they shifted their focus from accuracy to intelligibility, which helped them achieve their ultimate goal, that is, successful interaction in ELF communities

Macrodosing to Microdosing with Psychedelics: Clinical, Social, and Cultural Perspectives

To date, the clinical and scientific literature has best documented the effects of classical psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and dimethyltryptamine (DMT), in typical quantities most often associated with macrodosing. More recently, however, microdosing with psychedelics has emerged as a social trend and nascent therapeutic intervention. This variation in psychedelic practice refers to repeat, intermittent ingestion of less-than-macrodose amounts that do not cause the effects associated with full-blown “trips”. Microdosing paves the road to incorporating psychedelic drugs into a daily routine while maintaining, or even improving, cognitive and mental function. Unlike macrodosing with psychedelics, the influence of microdosing remains mostly unexplored. And yet, despite the paucity of formal studies, many informal accounts propose that microdosing plays an important role as both a therapeutic intervention (e.g., in mental disorders) and enhancement tool (e.g., recreationally—to boost creativity, improve cognition, and drive personal growth). In response to this relatively new practice, we provide an integrative synthesis of the clinical, social, and cultural dimensions of microdosing. We describe some of the overarching context that explains why this practice is increasingly in vogue, unpack potential benefits and risks, and comment on sociocultural implications. In addition, this article considers the effects that macro- and microdoses have on behavior and psychopathology in light of their dosage characteristics and contexts of use

The interconnectedness of English as a lingua franca (ELF), study abroad, and language learner beliefs

Ankara : The Department of Teaching English as a Foreign Language, Bilkent University, 2012.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2012.Includes bibliographical references leaves 99-112.In the 21st century, there has been a growing interest in the novel term, “English as a lingua franca” (ELF) (e.g., Berns, 2008; Jenkins, 2006; Kirkpatrick, 2010; Seidlhofer, 2005) and an equally large interest in the role of study abroad contexts on L2 speaking proficiency, L2 writing behavior, sociolinguistic competence, social identity, as well as language learner beliefs (e.g., Hernandez, 2010; Howard, Lemee, & Regan, 2006; Lee, 2007; Sasaki, 2007; Virkkula & Nikula, 2010). However, all these studies have overlooked the possible relationship between two current issues- language learners‟ beliefs and their experiences in study abroad contexts, specifically, those communities in which English is used as a lingua franca. In this respect, the present study with 53 Turkish Erasmus exchange students aimed to investigate the relationship between Turkish exchange students‟ study abroad sojourns in ELF contexts and the beliefs they hold about English language learning. The data were collected mainly through three instruments: language learner belief questionnaire, study abroad perception questionnaire and controlled journals, and then analyzed both quantitatively (by using descriptive statistics, paired samples t-test, and Pearson product correlation analysis) and qualitatively (by using thematic analysis). The quantitative and qualitative results of this study have revealed that students‟ pre and post beliefs concerning English language learning are both strongly related to their perceptions of study abroad experiences, which evidently suggests that a) learners begin their study abroad adventures with already developed beliefs, and these beliefs affect their perceptions of the study abroad sojourns, and b) learners develop their unique perceptions out of their study abroad experiences, and these perceptions influence their belief systems. However, the findings also have shown that Turkish exchange students‟ overall beliefs remained almost the same across pre and post study abroad, which suggests that short-time periods spent abroad make observing any significant changes in learner beliefs harder. Concerning the results above, this study implied the importance of; a) fostering positive beliefs about language learning, b) holding intensive orientation programs prior to study abroad, and c) familiarizing the students with the novel term “ELF” and with the reality of “ELF communities”.Kaypak, EdaM.S

Neotectonics of Turkey (Türkiye) and surrounding regions: a new perspective with block modelling

This paper aims to present a new neotectonic perspective concordant with the seismic activities in Turkey and surrounding regions. The neotectonic structures have been re-evaluated mainly by using focal mechanism solutions and high-resolution satellite (Google Earth) images. The Southeast Anatolian Wedge explains thrust/blind thrust and asymmetrical folding relationship in SE Turkey, Syria, and Northern Iraq. The neotectonic structures of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau are enlightened by the rhomboidal cell model which creates a base to determine multiple intersection points between the region-wide left- and right-lateral shear zones. The releasing stepover between the North Anatolian Fault Zone and Southeast Anatolian-Zagros Fault Zone plus their connections with the Northeast Anatolian Fault Zone and the East Anatolian Fault Zone are described in a more meaningful way with the Anatolian Diagonal concept. It also clarifies the role of left-lateral shear zone in the west-southwest movement of Anatolian plate and its relationship with the Aegean and Cyprus arcs. A neotectonic region under the influence of NW-SE contraction is determined between the North Anatolian, Eskişehir, and Kırıkkale-Erbaa fault zones in which the Elmadağ-Eldivan and Abdüsselam pinched crustal wedges and the Beypazarı Blind Thrust Zone are developed. A new route for the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone is determined between Bolu and Değirmenlik (Milos) Island in the Aegean Sea via Mudurnu, Bursa, Balıkesir, and İzmir. All main neotectonic structures mentioned in this paper are evaluated by the elastic dislocation modelling and new neotectonic provinces are suggested

Determination of upper-crust velocity structure (1-D) of the Erzincan basin and its surroundings

Bu çalışmada, Erzincan havzası ve dolayına ait 1-B P- ve S- dalgası hız yapısının bulunması amaçlanmıştır. 13 Mart 1992 Erzincan depremine (Mw=6.9) ait 1548 artsarsıntının 22250 P- ve 10184 S- varış zamanı, çözümlemeler için kullanılmıştır. Tüm veri grubu içerisinden GAP <180?  ve en az 10 P- ve 5 S- fazına sahip artsarsıntılar seçilmiş olup 1-B hız yapısının hesaplanmasında VELEST isimli yazılım kullanılmıştır. Artsarsıntılar, 0-22 km derinlikte meydana geldiği için, bu aralıktaki katmanlar, ters çözüm sonucu daha iyi belirlenebilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; elde edilen 1-B hız modeli ile bölgenin altı farklı hız katmanına sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: 13 Mart 1992 Erzincan depremi, 1-B hız yapısı, 1-B ters çözüm, yerel deprem çözümlemesi.In this study, we aimed to obtain upper-crust 1-D P- and S- wave velocity structure of  the Erzincan basin and its surroundings and to find accurate hypocentral parameters. 22250 P- and 10184 S- arrival times that belong to 1548 aftershocks of the March 13, 1992 Erzincan earthquake (Mw=6.9) were used for  calculations. The stations that have Telemetry, Geostras, MEQ, Reftek and MLR type recorders were consist of  sismometers with both vertical and tree-components. VELEST was used to calculate minimum 1-D velocity structure of the region for both P- and  S- wave. A subset of all data set was prepared by selecting well locatable afterhocks have GAP <180?, least 10 P- and 5 S- phase readings. 979 aftershocks which have 17121 P- phases for P- velocity model and 926 afterhocks which have 16877 P- and 8384 S- phases for P&S velocity model were used for iterative simultaneous inversion computing. Since almost all earthquakes occurred a depth range  0-22 km  in the upper-crust, thickness and velocity of the layers were determined more accurately in this depth range. As a result, it was found that the region has six different velocity layers at the end of the 1-D inversion. The calculated 1-D velocity model will be a initial model for 3-D tomography and also it will be able to used as a reference model for seismologic studies.  Keywords: 13 March 1992 Erzincan earthquake, 1-D velocity structure, 1-D inversion, local earthquake analysis

The 2005 - 2007 Bala (Ankara, central Turkey) earthquakes : a case study for strike-slip fault terminations

An intense seismic activity has been observed after the Bala (Ankara, NW central Turkey) earthquakes (30 July 2005: Mw=5.3, 20 December 2007: Mw=5.4, and 26 December 2007: Mw=5.3), continuing up to the present. The epicenters and the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquakes indicate that the right lateral strike-slip Afşar fault, trending N55-60°W, is responsible for the main shocks. The Afşar fault is thought to be the NW continuation of the Tuzgölü fault zone, which is one of the main neotectonic elements in central Anatolia. On the other hand, the aftershock distributions of the 2005 event have a NNE trend, and those of the 2007 event show a NW trending. Some focal mechanism solutions of the 2005 Bala earthquake aftershocks indicate normal and oblique normal faulting that corresponds to the NNE-trending Karakeçili fault. It seems that seismic activation of the NNE-trending Karakeçili fault was triggered by the 2005 main shock (Mw=5.3) that occurred on the NW-trending right lateral strike-slip Afşar fault. The overall neotectonic framework is that the northwestern edge of the Tuzgölü fault zone, represented by the Afşar fault in Bala, terminates in an extensional system represented by the oblique-slip Karakeçili faul

The 2005 - 2007 Bala (Ankara, central Turkey) earthquakes: a case study for strike-slip fault terminations

An intense seismic activity has been observed after the Bala (Ankara, NW central Turkey) earthquakes (30 July 2005: Mw=5.3, 20 December 2007: Mw=5.4, and 26 December 2007: Mw=5.3), continuing up to the present. The epicenters and the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquakes indicate that the right lateral strike-slip Afşar fault, trending N55-60°W, is responsible for the main shocks. The Afşar fault is thought to be the NW continuation of the Tuzgölü fault zone, which is one of the main neotectonic elements in central Anatolia. On the other hand, the aftershock distributions of the 2005 event have a NNE trend, and those of the 2007 event show a NW trending. Some focal mechanism solutions of the 2005 Bala earthquake aftershocks indicate normal and oblique normal faulting that corresponds to the NNE-trending Karakeçili fault. It seems that seismic activation of the NNE-trending Karakeçili fault was triggered by the 2005 main shock (Mw=5.3) that occurred on the NW trending right lateral strike-slip Afşar fault. The overall neotectonic framework is that the northwestern edge of the Tuzgölü fault zone, represented by the Afşar fault in Bala, terminates in an extensional system represented by the oblique-slip Karakeçili fault

Küreselleşme sürecinde yeni bir boyutta güvenlik anlayışı ve çevresel etkileri

The purpose of this study, to examine the process of transformation began to occur in environmentally safe in the process of globalization and is accordingly subject to environmental dimension of security conception. Starting point of the investigation is the globalization, increase in population and technological developments in the 21st century meanwhile the environment to be unsafe. Depending on the process of rapid change in the world of today's living conditions and needs are changing rapidly and new problems arise. One of the most striking places of change is international areas where security is being felt more It is understood that in parallel to globalization, security is also globalized, and the country's boundaries are exceeded. The increasing problems of living environment in expanding the scope of security, the need for environmental security have emerged. In study, the perspectives that will serve the security in the process of mutual interaction between security and environment and the ways of reflecting to the environment are examined. Environmental values and the idea that man has an integrated structure that cannot be separated from each other will bring about being safe. In this context, the study consists of five chapters. In the first part, globalization; In the second part, security concepts will be introduced. In the third chapter, changing security understanding will be explained. In the fourth chapter, environmental security, which constitutes a new dimension in the process of globalization will be mentioned. The final section includes results and evaluation.Bu çalışmanın amacı, küreselleşme sürecinde güvenlik alanında oluşmaya başlayan dönüşüm sürecinin incelenmesi ve bu perspektifte güvenlik anlayışının çevresel boyutunun konu alınmasıdır. Yapılan araştırmanın çıkış noktası, 21. yüzyıldaki küreselleşme, nüfustaki artış ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak çevrenin de güvenliğinin kalmaması durumudur. Dünyada küreselleşme sürecinde görülen hızlı değişime bağlı olarak günümüzdeki yaşamın koşulları da hızlı bir şekilde değişim göstermekte ve yeni problemler ve ihtiyaçlar kendini göstermektedir. Değişimin çoğunlukla görüldüğü mekanlardan biri, güvenliğin gittikçe daha fazla önemsendiği uluslararası alanlardır. Küreselleşmeye koşut olarak güvenliğin de küreselleştiği ve ülke sınırlarını aştığı görülmektedir. Yaşanan çevrenin sorunlarının her geçen gün artması, güvenliğin alanını genişleterek, çevresel güvenlik gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Araştırmada, güvenlik ve çevre arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşim sürecinde güvenliğe hizmet edeceği perspektifler ile çevreye yansıma biçimi incelenmektedir. Çevresel değerler ve insanın birbirinden ayrı düşünülmeyen bütünleşik bir yapıya sahip olduğunu görmek, güvende olmayı getirecektir. Bu bağlamda, çalışma beş bölümde ele alınacaktır. İlk bölümde, küreselleşme; ikinci bölümde güvenlik kavramları tanıtılacaktır. Üçüncü bölümde, değişen güvenlik anlayışına yer verilecektir. Dördüncü bölüm, küreselleşme sürecinde yeni bir boyut oluşturan çevresel güvenlik konusunu içermektedir. Son bölümde ise sonuç ve değerlendirmeye yer verilmiştir

Determination Of 3-d Velocity Structure Of Erzincan Basin With Local Earthquake Tomography

Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2002Thesis (PhD) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 200213 Mart 1992 Erzincan depremi sonrası kaydedilen artsarsıntıları kullanarak, Erzincan havzası ve yakın çevresinin 3-boyutlu üst-kabuk sismik hız yapısının elde edilmesi, bu çalışmasının esas amacını oluşturmaktadır. Depremlere ait P- ve S- dalgalarının seyahat zamanlarından yararlanarak, bölgenin önce 1-boyutlu sismik hız yapısı elde edilmiş, daha sonra ise elde edilen bu 1-D sismik hız yapısının başlangıç modeli olarak alınmasıyla, 3 D sismik hız yapısı hesaplanmıştır. Tüm işlemlerde, yinelemeli ve eş-zamanlı tomografik ters çözüm yapan yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Hesaplamalar sonucunda, bölgenin 3 D sismik hız yapısı elde edilerek, artsarsıntılara ait odaksal konumlar doğru olarak yeniden belirlenmiş ve bölgenin sismik hız yapısının tektonik ve jeolojik yapıyla olan ilişkisi çıkarılmıştır. Böylece tektonik ve jeolojik olarak yeriçine ait bilinmeyenler, tomografik sonuçlarla ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca bu sonuçlar, ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için bir kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır.To obtain 3-Dimensional seismic velocity structure of upper crust beneath Erzincan basin and surround by using recorded afterhocks after 13 March 1992 Erzincan earthquake, is main aim in this study. Firstly 1-D seismic velocity stucture of the region was obtained by using travel times of P- and S- waves of earthquakes and then 3-D seismic velocity structure was calculated by taking obtained 1-D seismic velocity structure to be as initial model. In all processes, simultaneous iterative tomographic inversion methods were used. As results of computes, the 3-D seismic velocity structre of the region was obtained, hypocentral parameters of aftershoks were relocated accurately and relation of the seismic velocity structure of the region with tectonic and geologic structure were introduced. Thus tectonical and geological unknowns belong to underground were introduced with these tomographic results. Also these results can be a reference for future studies.DoktoraPh