Descriptions of all female stages of the maple mealybug, Phenacoccus aceris (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), with notes on its biology

The adult female and all wingless nymphal stages of the maple mealybug, Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret), are redescribed and illustrated. The second-instar nymphs of both males and females produce a felt-like cover, which is secreted by numerous dorsal tubular ducts. A key is also provided to separate wingless immature stages of Ph. aceris, based on morphological features. The life cycle and biology of the mealybug on three different plant hosts, i.e., Acer negundo L., A. pseudoplatanus L. (Aceraceae) and Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae) over two years is presented and compared. Ph. aceris displayed similar developmental rates on all three host plants. Ph. aceris has one generation per year in Ankara, Turkey, and overwinters as third-instar females and male prepupae and pupae in hidden places on the trunk and branches of its host plants. The longest nymphal stage on all host plant species was the third-instar female and the male prepupa and pupa stage. In both sexes there were differences in the periods of occurrence of each developmental stage amongst years that may relate to variation in field temperatures

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN SCALE INSECT SPECIES (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA) IN TURKEY

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are notorious pests, especially of perennial plants. They are serious pests of fruit and nut trees, ornamental shade trees and shrubs, forest trees, greenhouse and indoor plantings. In the present study, new data are given for 13 species of scale insects from Turkey as follows: Coccidae (1 sp.), Cerococcidae (1 sp.), Diaspididae 2 spp.), Pseudococcidae (8 spp.) and Rhizoecidae (1 sp.). Chorizococcus malabadiensis Kaydan sp. n. is described and illustrated as a new species and 8 species are recorded for the first time from Turkey

Scale insect (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) survey of soil samples from southern Asia with description of two new species of Rhizoecidae

Seventeen species of Ortheziidae, Rhizoecidae and Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) were extracted from East and South Asian soil sample collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Among 1080 soil samples almost 100 included scale insect specimens. Two new species of the family Rhizoecidae, Rhizoecus muranyii Kaydan sp. n. and Ripersiella danyii Kaydan et Konczné Benedicty sp. n. are described and illustrated, and identification keys of East and South Asian Rhizoecus and Ripersiella species are provided

The genus Orthezia Bosc (Hemiptera: Ortheziidae) in Turkey, with 2 new records

This study aimed to identify the ground ensign scale insects in 5 provinces (Ağrı, Bitlis, Hakkari, Iğdır, and Van) in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In order to achieve this goal, Ortheziidae species were collected from natural and cultivated plants in the 5 provinces listed above between 2005 and 2008. A total of 3 species were found, among them 2 species ( Orthezia maroccana Kozár & Konczné Benedicty and Orthezia yashushii Kuwana) that are new records for the Turkish scale insect fauna

xTriticosecale Witm, seed size, drought, germination, seedling growth.

Effect of seed size (small, medium and large) on germination and seedling growth of triticale (xTriticosecale Witm. cv. Presto) at the different osmotic potential of NaCl and PEG solutions weredetermined in the present study. Germination tests were conducted under five osmotic potential levels (-0.45, -0.77, -1.03, -1.44 MPa, and Control) of PEG 6000 and NaCl. Germination percentage (%) at 4 and 8th days and also seedling growth traits such as root and shoot length (mm), dry root and shoot weight (mg), root : shoot length (R:S) ratio, and relative water content of shoot (RWC, %) were investigated inthis study. The results indicated that decreases in the osmotic potentials caused a reduction in germination percentage and seedling growth. It was seen that drought created by PEG 6000 had morenegative effects on germination and seedling growth than that of NaCl. In consequence, the total germinability and seedling growth were higher in large seeds rather than in small seeds in control solution and under osmotic stress. In addition, it was observed that seedlings obtained from larger seeds survived even at the lower osmotic potential of PEG and NaCl; whereas, seedling obtained from small seeds did not survive in the intensive stress

Ferenc Kozár – A dedicated and prolific worker on scale insects

At the XII Meeting of the International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, delegates and coccidologists worldwide congratulate Dr Ferenc Kozár for his work on scale insects during over 40 years of concentrated study. Ferenc is well known for his contributions to economic and taxonomic work on scale insects. He entered the Agricultural University in Budapest, Hungary, in 1962, and then the University of Leningrad (now St Petersburg) and returned to Hungary where he has been employed as Research Scientist and then Head of the Department of Zoology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest until 1990. He then became Research Consultant, a position he has held since. His list of publications includes nine books and about 220 papers in scientific journals. He has described 13 new family-group names, 32 new genera, and about 175 new species. Much of this work has been done since 1990. We expect a steady flow of publications in the future

Ferenc Kozár – A dedicated and prolific worker on scale insects

At the XII Meeting of the International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, delegates and coccidologists worldwide congratulate Dr Ferenc Kozár for his work on scale insects during over 40 years of concentrated study. Ferenc is well known for his contributions to economic and taxonomic work on scale insects. He entered the Agricultural University in Budapest, Hungary, in 1962, and then the University of Leningrad (now St Petersburg) and returned to Hungary where he has been employed as Research Scientist and then Head of the Department of Zoology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest until 1990. He then became Research Consultant, a position he has held since. His list of publications includes nine books and about 220 papers in scientific journals. He has described 13 new family-group names, 32 new genera, and about 175 new species. Much of this work has been done since 1990. We expect a steady flow of publications in the future

Effect of Dexpanthenol on acute pancreatitis which experimentally developed by L-arginine at rats

Tıp Fakültesi, Genel Cerrahi Ana Bilim DalıAkut pankreatit tıpdaki tüm gelişmelere rağmen halen ciddi bir morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olarak önemini korumaktadır. Ancak halen fizyopatolojisi tam olarak aydınlatılamadığı için akut pankreatit ve komplikasyonlarının tedavisinde kullanılabilecek farmakolojik ajanlarla ilgili araştırmalar devam etmektedir. Akut pankreatit fizyopatolojisinde proteolitik enzimlerin aktivasyonunun yanında, immun yanıt ve inflamasyon sonucunda ortaya çıkan sitokinlerin ve serbest oksijen radikallerinin neden olduğu sürecin yer aldığı günümüzde en çok kabul gören görüş olmuş ve çalışmalar bu yönde ağırlık kazanmıştır. Amaç: Bu çalışmada antioksidan, lipid peroksidasyonunu azaltıcı ve antiinflamatuar etkilerinin yanında, yara iyileşmesi üzerine de olumlu etkileri gösterilmiş olan dekspantenolün, ratlarda L-Arginin ile oluşturulan deneysel akut pankreatit modelinde doku düzeyinde ve kan biyokimyasal parametreleri üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Yöntem: Çalışmada 40 rat 4 eşit gruba bölündü (n=10). Grup 1?e 0. 12. 24. 36. 48. ve 60. saatlerde yalnızca intraperitoneal %0,9 NaCl yapıldı. Grup 2, Grup 3 ve Grup 4?e 400mg/100gr dozunda L-arginin birer saat arayla iki doz intraperitoneal olarak uygulandı, ardından 24. ve 48. saatlerde aynı doz tekrarlanarak şiddetli akut pankreatit oluşturulması amaçlandı. İlk L-arginin dozundan sonraki 12. 24. 36. 48. ve 60. saatlerde Grup 3?e 250mg/kg, Grup 4?e 500mg/kg dozunda dekspantenol sistemik etki oluşturmak üzere intraperitoneal olarak uygulandı. 72. saatte tüm ratlar sakrifiye edilerek pankreas ve peripankreatik yağlı dokular alındı, Hematoksilen+Eosin ile boyanıp histopatolojik olarak pankreas dokusunda ödem, asiner hücre nekrozu, hemoraji, inflamasyon ve perivasküler infiltrasyon; peripankreatik yağlı dokuda ise inflamasyon ve yağ nekrozu skorlarına bakıldı. Alınan kan örneklerinde Amilaz, ALT, AST, LDH, CRP ve Lökosit çalışıldı. Sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: L-Arginin verilen Grup 2, Grup 3 ve Grup 4?te akut pankreatit geliştiği yüksek amilaz düzeyleri ve histopatolojik inceleme ile saptandı. Biyokimyasal değişkenlere göre grupların ikili karşılaştırma sonuçlarında tüm parametrelerde doz bağımsız olarak Grup 3 ve Grup 4?ün değerleri, Grup 2?den istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük saptandı. Histopatolojik değişkenlerin analizinde asiner hücre nekrozu, inflamasyon/perivasküler infiltrasyon ve toplam pankreas hasar skorları açısından Grup 4?ün değerleri Grup 2?ye göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük saptandı. Grup 3?ün değerleri Grup 2?ye göre daha düşük olsa da bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Bununla birlikte ikili karşılaştırma sonuçlarında Grup 3 ile Grup 4 arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde dekspanenolün akut pankreatit üzerine antioksidan ve antiinflamatuar etkisinin doz bağımsız olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Deneysel akut pankreatit modelinde yapılan bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, akut pankreatit tedavi rejimlerinde antioksidan, antiinflamatuar ve yara iyileşmesine olumlu katkıları olduğu gösterilmiş olan dekspantenolün pankreas hasarının önlenmesine katkı sağlayacağı yönündedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Deneysel akut pankreatit, inflamatuar sitokinler, serbest oksijen radikalleri, L-Arginin, Dekspantenol.Acute pancreatitis maintains its importance inspite of the all medical improvements as a serious morbidity and mortality cause. But; since its physiopathology couldn?t be entirely clarified yet, the studies continue about the pharmacologic agent which can be used at acute pancreatitis and its complications. Besides the proteolytic enzyme activation, the process is taking place which is caused by cytokines and free oxygen radicals emerge at the result of the immune responce and inflammation has became the most acknowledged point of view at the present day and studies gained weight at this direction. Background: In this study, the blood biochemical parameters and effects on tissue levels of dexpanthenol have been researched at the experimental L-Arginine induced acute pancreatitis model in rats, which has affirmative effects on wound healing besides its decreasing the lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: 40 rats has divided into 4 equal groups (n=10). %0.9 NaCl was administrated only intraperitoneally to Group 1 at 0th, 12th, 24th, 36th, 48th and 60th hour. Interval of one hour, two doses of 400mg/100gr L-Arginine was administered intraperitoneally to Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4, after that admistration of same doses on 24th and 48th hour was repeated, with the aim of the developing severe acute pancreatitis. After the first L-Arginine dose 250mg/kg dose of dexpanthenol was administered to Group 3 and 500mg/kg dose of dexpanthenol was administered intraperitoneally to Group 4 at 12th, 24th, 36th, 48th and 60th hours. At the 72th hour all the rats were sacrificed and the pancreatic and fatty tissues was stained with H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) pancreatic edema, asiner cell necrosis, hemorrhage, inflammation and perivascular infiltration scores are resarched, and the peripancreatic fatty tissue?s inflamation fat necrosis scores are resarched. Amilase, ALT, AST, LDH, CRP and Leukocytes count were performed at the taken blood samples. And the results were assessed statistically. Results: It has been found out by high amilase levels and histopathological examination that acut pancreatitis was developed in Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 which were administrated L-Arginin. Statistically the value of Group 3 and Group 4 was significantly lower than the value of Group 2 in all parameters dose independently at the result of the double comprasion according to biochemistrical variables. In the analysis of the histopathological variables the values of Group 4 were statistically lower than Group 2 in terms of aciner cell necrosis, inflammation/perivasculer infiltration and total pancreas damage scores. The values of Group 3 were lower than the values of Group 2, however this difference was not significant statistically. Nonetheless at the result of the double comprasions no significant difference was determined between Group 3 and Group 4. When the results were considered it was observed that the antioxidant and antiinflammatory effect of dexpanthenol was dose independent. Conclusion: The findings found from the this study which were performed at this experimental acute pancreatitis model supports that dexpanthenol contributes to preventing pancreas damage, which has shown to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory and positive contributions to wound healing. Keywords: Experimental acute pancreatitis, inflammatory cytokines, free oxygen radicals, L-Arginine, dexpanthenol

Studi sulla fauna dei Pseudococcidi (Hemiptera Coccoidea) nell'area urbana della provincia di Ankara, Turchia

Sono state esarninate tra il 2001 e il 2004 piante omamentali in serra e piante selvatiche per studiare la fauna degli Pseudococcidi nell'area urbana della provincia di Ankara (Turchia). Sono state identificate 52 specie appartenenti a 19 generi. Atrococcus ater Goux, Atrococcus parvulus (Borchsenius), Coccidohystrix artemisiae (Kiritchenko), Heliococcus sulcii Goux, Heterococcopsis opertus Borchsenius, Heterococcus nudus (Green), Heterococcus tritici (Kiritchenko), Longicoccus affinis (Ter-Grigorian), Longicoccus clarus (Borchsenius), Longicoccus festucae (Koteja), Longicoccus longiventris (Borchsenius), Longicoccus psammophilus (Koteja), Mirococcopsis elongatus Borchsenius, Mirococcopsis stipae Borchsenius, Neotrionymus monstatus Borchsenius, Peliococcopsis priesneri (Laing), Peliococcus salviae Hadzibejli, Peliococcus tritubulatus (Kiritchenko), Phenacoccus ferulae Borchsenius, Phenacoccus interruptus Green, Phenacoccus loiki Danzig, Phenacoccus phenacoccoides (Kiritchenko), Phenacoccus transcaucasicus Hadzibejli, Puto palinuri Marotta & Tranfaglia, Rhizoecus periolanus (Goux) e Spilococcus mamillariae (Bouche) risultano essere nuovi reperti per la fauna degli Pseudococcidi della Turchia.Ornamental, greenhouse and wild plants were surveyed between 2001 and 2004 in a study of the pseudococcid fauna of the urban areas of the province of Ankara, Turkey. In this study 52 species belonging to 19 genera of the family Pseudococcidae were identified. Atrococcus ater Goux, Atrococcus parvulus (Borchsenius), Coccidohystrix artemisiae (Kiritchenko), Heliococcus sulcii Goux, Heterococcopsis opertus Borchsenius, Heterococcus nudus (Green), Heterococcus tritici (Kiritchenko ), Longicoccus affinis (Ter-Grigorian), Longicoccus clarus (Borchsenius), Longicoccus festucae (Koteja), Longicoccus longiventris (Borchsenius), Longicoccus psammophilus (Koteja), Mirococcopsis elongatus Borchsenius, Mirococcopsis stipae Borchsenius, Neotrionymus monstatus Borchsenius, Peliococcopsis priesneri (Laing), Peliococcus salviae Hadzibejli, Peliococcus tritubulatus (Kiritchenko ), Phenacoccus ferulae Borchsenius, Phenacoccus interruptu Green, Phenacoccus loiki Danzig, Phenacoccus phenacoccoides (Kiritchenko), Phenacoccus transcaucasicus Hadzibejli, Puto palinuri Marotta & Tranfaglia, Rhizoecus periolanus (Goux) and Spilococcus mamillariae (Bouche) are new records for the Turkish pseudococcid fauna

Bazı Tritikale x Triticosecale Wittmack Çeşitlerinde Farklı Ekim Sıklıklarının Tane Verimi ve Verim Öğeleri Üzerine Etkileri

Bu araştırma Van ilinde 2004-2005 ve 2005-2006 kışlık yetiştirme sezonunda tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Dört tritikale çeşidi Karma2000, Presto, Tatlıcak-97, Mikham-2002 altı farklı ekim sıklığında 250, 350 450, 550, 650, 750 tohum/m2 yetiştirilerek tane verimi ve verim öğelerindeki değişim incelenmiştir. Uygulanan ekim sıklıkları her iki yılda da tüm çeşitlerin incelenen özelliklerini önemli derede etkilemiştir. En yüksek tane verimi 2004-2005 yılında 328.3 kg/da ile Mikham-2002 çeşidinde 550 tohum/m2ekim sıklığında, 2005-2006 yılında, ise 303.0 kg/ da ile Presto çeşidinde 650 tohum/m2ekim sıklığında elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ekim sıklığına bağlı olarak tüm çeşitlerde tane verimi, bitki boyu bir dereceye kadar artmış daha sonraki ekim sıklıklarında ise azalmıştır. Ayrıca metrekarede fertil başak sayısı ekim sıklığı ile birlikte artmış, buna karşılık başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane verimi ve bin tane ağırlığı azalmıştı