Perspectives of Preservice Teachers on the Statements Related to Preservice Teachers and Competence of Lecturers

This study aims to find out the attitude of preservice teachers of Ağrı İ.Ç. University Faculty of Education who study at the Department of Elementary Turkish Education to the statements related to preservice teachers and competence of lecturers. A-) The statements related to preservice teachers includes following statements: “Productivity of the courses taken in the school enable them to understand the qualifications that a teacher must have.”, “Students take advantages of the education process which brings them sufficient teaching experience”, ”During their education, students experience many fascinating features related to teaching professions which they haven’t seen before.”, ”Opportunities and facilities that the students have in the school let them have rich variety of experiences related to communication with people.”, ”The students who have thought that they couldn’t be teacher understand they are in wrong to assume it after they experience teaching.” B-) The statements related to competence of lecturers includes following statements: “Lecturers have enough professional competence since they have received decent undergraduate education.”, “Lecturers can convey their knowledge to students by showing their class related to class management and employing different methods to teach since they don’t teach the lessons with the exception of their professional fields.”, “Lecturers can plan the teaching-learning process successfully thanks to their professional teaching knowledge.”, “Scientific dignity that the lecturers have thanks to their competence makes them reach the exemplary positions.”, “The high level of service delivery qualifications which the lecturers have thanks to their competence makes the students apply their knowledge to real life.” A questionnaire which includes questions related to A-) the statements related to preservice and B-) the statements related to competence of lecturers is conducted to determine the attitudes of preservice teachers towards. A-) The statements related to preservice teachers and B-) The statements related to competence of lecturers. The sample for the research is composed of 121 preservice teachers of Ağrı İ.Ç. University Faculty of Education who study at the Department of Elementary Turkish Education. According to the findings of the research; it is seen that the preservice teachers have answered the questions containing information on A-) the statements related to preservice and B-) the statements related to competence of lecturers with variable rates. The results which are mentioned above make it possible to come to that conclusion that preservice teachers have responded to questionnaire which is reliable according to its Cronbach’s Alpha value (α=0.91) in varying ratios (Field, 2013)

Defeat, entrapment and suicidal ideation in a Turkish community sample of young adults: an examination of the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behaviour

The present study examines the relationships between defeat, entrapment, suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness through the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) Model of Suicidal Behaviour in a sample of Turkish young adults. The sample consisted of 451 individuals (72.5% females, Mage= 25.20). The correlation analyses revealed significant relationships between defeat, entrapment, suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness in the expected directions. Mediation and moderation analyses partly confirmed the assumptions of the motivational phase of the IMV model; entrapment played a mediating role between defeat and suicidal ideation, and thwarted belongingness (but not perceived burdensomeness) had a moderating role in the pathway between entrapment and suicidal ideation. These findings add a new dimension to the understanding of suicide risk and potential protective factors through the IMV model, which was tested for the first time in the Turkish population. It is anticipated that this study will contribute to suicide prevention intervention strategies, especially for young adults, at-risk group for suicide in Turkey

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

Investıgatıon Of The Effects Of Sevoflurane And Desflurane On Rat Braın Tıssue Oxıdant And Antıoxıdant System In Dıabetıc Rats In Temporary Hyperglycemıa Perıod

Bu tez çalışmasında desfluran ve sevofluranın, diyabet oluşturulan ratların hiperglisemi döneminde beyin dokusu oksidan antioksidan sistem üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Wistar Albino cinsi 30 adet rat rastgele Kontrol, Diyabet kontrol, Diyabet, Diyabet-Desfluran ve Diyabet- Sevofluran olarak 5 gruba ayrıldılar. Diyabet gruplarına 55 mg/kg streptozotosin uygulandı. Kan şekeri 250 mg/dl ve üzerinde olanlar diyabetik olarak kabul edildi. Diyabet grubuna 2.5 g/kg glikoz uygulandı. Sevofluran ve Desfluran gruplarına anestezi uygulamasından önce 2.5 g/kg glikoz uygulandı ve 2 saat boyunca minimum alveoler konsantrasyon 1 olacak şekilde, desfluran %6, sevofluran %2,3 oranında 4 L/dk oksijen ile karışım halinde uygulandı. 100 mg/kg ketamin enjeksiyonu ardından ratlar sakrifiye edildi. Ötenazi sonrasında beyin dokusu alınarak soğuk 0.154 M NaCl çözeltisi ile yıkanarak -80 ºC de muhafaza edildi. Beyin dokuları homojenize edilerek süpernatanlarda CAT, GST, PON aktiviteleri ile TBARS seviyeleri ölçüldü. Diyabet kontrol grubu CAT, GST ve PON aktiviteleri ile TBARS seviyesi kontrol grubuna göre azalmış olarak bulundu, ancak bu azalma istatistiksel olarak anlamsızdı. Desfluran grubu CAT, GST ve PON aktiviteleri ile TBARS seviyesi kontrol grubuna göre azalmış olarak bulundu, bunlardan yalnız CAT ve PON aktivitelerindeki azalma istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0.05). Sevofluran grubunda ise CAT, GST ve PON aktiviteleri ile TBARS seviyesi kontrol grubuna göre düşük olarak bulundu, CAT aktivitesindeki azalma istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0.05). Diyabet-desfluran ve Diyabetsevofluran gruplarında ise CAT, GST, PON aktiviteleri ve TBARS değerlerinde kontrol grubuna göre azalmalar görüldü. Ayrıca, diyabet oluşturulan ratlarda, desfluran ve sevofluran uygulamasında, sevofluran uygulamasının desfluran uygulamasına göre antioksidan sistemi daha az etkilediği görülmektedir. Bu etkinin ise desfluranın kimyasal yapısından kaynaklandığı düşünülebilir.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on oxidantantioxidant system in diabetic rats brain tissue in temporary hyperglycemia period. 30 Wistar Albino rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: Control, Diabetic control, Diabetic, Diabeticdesflurane and Diabetic-sevoflurane. Diabet induced by streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/ kg. Rats were classified as diabetic if their blood glucose levels exceed 250 mg/dl. We injected 2,5 g/kg glucose on diabetic group and before the anesthetic exposure to sevoflurane and desflurane groups. We administered 6% desflurane and 2% sevoflurane mixtured by 4L/min oxygen during 2 hours. All rats received ketamin 100 mg/kg and and then we took out these rats brain and measured levels of CAT, GST, PON enzyme activities and TBARS levels in brain tissue. In group Diabetic Control, CAT, GST and PON enzyme activities and TBARS level less than control group but these results were not statistically significant. In group Desflurane, CAT, GST, PON activities and TBARS level less than control group but only CAT and PON activities were statistically significant. In addition to in group Sevoflurane, CAT, GST, PON activities and TBARS level less than control group but only CAT activity was statistically significant. We determined that CAT, GST, PON activities and TBARS levels decrease when desflurane and sevoflurane administered on hyperglycemic diabetic rats. Desflurane is more harmfull than sevoflurane on brain antioxidant system in hyperglycemia period of diabetic rats. We think this harmful effects source from the chemical structure of desflurane

Fizik Öğretmen Adaylarının Rutin Olmayan Fizik Problemleri Kurarken Kullandıkları Üstbilişsel Stratejiler

The aim of this study is to examine the non-routine problem posing skills of pre-service physics teachers and determine which metacognitive strategies they use. The research was conducted according to qualitative research methods. In this context, the findings were reached by analyzing the content of the data. Data on the knowledge and opinions of a total of 40 pre-service teachers studying in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades on problem posing and non-routine problem posing according to grade levels were collected at the beginning of the study. Later, the non-routine problem posing activity was applied to 20 candidates who were randomly selected from among the pre-service teachers. In this way, data were collected about the problem posing skills of 20 randomly selected pre-service teachers and their metacognitive strategies when setting up non-routine problems. According to the results of the study, it was seen that the physics teacher candidates had knowledge about non-routine problems and problem posing approach .However, they did not have experience with problem-posing approach in physics teaching. One of the results obtained in the study is that teacher candidates are metacognitively active while setting up non-routine problem situations. After the non-routine problem posing activity, the preservice teachers expressed positive opinions about the use of the problem posing approach in physics education. In line with the results obtained, suggestions were made to include problem posing activities in physics education and to conduct academic studies in the branch of physics education in universities. Keywords: physics teacher candidates, creative thinking, problem solving, non-routine problem posing, metacognitive strategies.Öz İçinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda yaratıcı düşünme ve problem çözme becerileri oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Aktif öğrenmenin gerçekleşmesi ve üst bilişsel stratejilerin kullanılarak problem çözmede başarı sağlanmasında problem kurma becerilerinin de etkisi vardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı fizik öğretmen adaylarının rutin olmayan problem kurma becerilerini inceleyerek hangi üst bilişsel stratejileri kullandıklarını belirlemektir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerine göre yürütülmüştür. Verilerin içerik analizleri yapılarak bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Sınıf düzeylerine göre problem kurma ve rutin olmayan problem kurma üzerine 1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıflarda öğrenim gören toplam 40 öğretmen adayının bilgi ve görüşleri hakkındaki veriler araştırmanın başında toplanmıştır. Daha sonra araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen rutin olmayan problem kurma etkinliği 40 öğretmen adayından öğretmen rastgele seçilen 20 adaya uygulanmıştır. Bu şekilde rastgele seçilen 20 öğretmen adayının problem kurma becerileri ve rutin olmayan problemler kurarken kullandıkları üst bilişsel stratejileri hakkında veriler toplanmıştır. Rutin olmayan problem kurma becerileri değerlendirilirken araştırmacı tarafından belirlenen rubriğe göre puanlamalar yapılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonuçları ile üst bilişe yönelik form verileri birlikte yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, fizik öğretmen adaylarının rutin olmayan problemler ve problem kurma yaklaşımı hakkında bilgileri olduğu ancak fizik öğretiminde problem kurma yaklaşımına dair deneyimleri olmadığı görülmüştür. Öğretmen adaylarının rutin olmayan problem kurma becerilerinin genel olarak düşük olmakla birlikte, öğrenim gördükleri sınıf bazında beceri farklılıklarının olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmen adayların rutin olmayan problem durumları kurarken üst bilişsel olarak aktif olmuşlardır. Öğretmen adayları problem kurma yaklaşımının fizik eğitiminde kullanılmasına dair olumlu görüşler belirtmişlerdir. Sonuçlar doğrultusunda fizik öğretiminde problem kurma etkinliklerine yer verilmesine ve üniversitelerde fizik öğretimi branşında da akademik çalışmalar yapılmasına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimler: fizik öğretmen adayları, yaratıcı düşünme, problem çözme, rutin olmayan problem kurma, üst bilişsel stratejiler

The effects of internal thoracic artery preparation with intact pleura on respiratory function and patients' early outcomes

Objective: Postoperative respiratory functions, arterial blood gases, blood loss and clinical outcome following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) were assessed in a prospective randomized single-blind (patient- blind) clinical study comparing two different techniques of internal thoracic artery (ITA) harvesting

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)