Cooperation of different neuronal systems during hand sign recognition.

Hand signs with symbolic meaning can often be utilized more successfully than words to communicate an intention; however, the underlying brain mechanisms are undefined. The present study using magnetoencephalography (MEG) demonstrates that the primary visual, mirror neuron, social recognition and object recognition systems are involved in hand sign recognition. MEG detected well-orchestrated multiple brain regional electrical activity among these neuronal systems. During the assessment of the meaning of hand signs, the inferior parietal, superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferior occipitotemporal regions were simultaneously activated. These three regions showed similar time courses in their electrical activity, suggesting that they work together during hand sign recognition by integrating information in the ventral and dorsal pathways through the STS. The results also demonstrated marked right hemispheric predominance, suggesting that hand expression is processed in a manner similar to that in which social signs, such as facial expressions, are processed

Positive Therapeutic Response to Bevacizumab Plus Paclitaxel in a Patient with Advanced, Life-Threatening Breast Cancer and Carcinomatous Lymphangitis:a Subsequent Treatment Change to Hormone Therapy

We present a case of advanced, life-threatening breast cancer with carcinomatous lymphangitis treatedwith bevacizumab plus paclitaxel. A positive therapeutic response was achieved and the treatment was subsequentlychanged to hormone therapy.The patient was a 53-year-old postmenopausal woman with a non-contributory medical history. She presentedto a nearby hospital with chief complaints of continued exertional dyspnea and coughing since March2012. Physical findings included a palpable mass in the left breast, and the patient was referred and presentedto our hospital in May. Examinations at our hospital revealed left-sided breast cancer (estrogen receptorpositive, progesterone receptor positive, and no amplification of the human epidermal growth factorreceptor 2 by FISH). The patient had bone metastasis and carcinomatous lymphangitis (cT2N3cM1-stageIV). The condition was life threatening, and administration of bevacizumab plus weekly paclitaxel was initiatedwith the expectation of a high response rate. Coughing and dyspnea resolved two weeks later. CTscans were taken in August after the completion of 3 cycles and showed improvement in carcinomatouslymphangitis. No major side effects were observed due to bevacizumab plus weekly paclitaxel. When theCT scans were taken in December after the completion of 6 cycles, the primary lesion and lymph node metastaseswere reduced in size. In the lung field, there was no thickening of the interlobular septa or subpleuralinterstitium, and the findings of carcinomatous lymphangitis were improved. Thus, bevacizumab plus paclitaxelwere discontinued and the treatment was changed to oral letrozole (2.5 mg/day). The patient hasbeen followed up with no recurrence as of March 2013

A Case of Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Breast after Augmentation Mammoplasty

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a benign reactive lesion which forms due to diverse tissue responses of inflammatory cells and mesenchymal cells. It can occur in various organs of the body but rarely in the breast. We report a case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the breast after augmentation mammoplasty. The patient was a 78-year-old woman who noticed a mass in her right breast in July 2012. She had a history of augmentation mammoplasty at age 24 years. She was referred to our hospital for thorough examination. A 3-cm immovable induration was palpated in the upper lesion of the right breast. Ultrasound examination revealed a hypoechoic mass at the same site. The mass was 2.9×1.7 cm with irregular, ill-defined borders. Mammography revealed some areas of elevated density with coarse, lucent-centered calcifications in bilateral breasts but no clear findings of malignancy. Core needle biopsy of this site revealed marked fibrous hyperplasia and proliferation of fibroblast-like spindle cells. Infiltration of neutrophils and plasma cells was observed in the stroma. There were spindle cells with no atypia and scarce mitotic figures. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with inflammatory pseudotumor. The patient received only follow-up observation without surgical resection as per the patient\u27s wishes. There has not been any change as of May 2013

Summary of JIKIKEN Observation : Preliminary Report of the Initial Observation Result (c. Wave-Particle Interactions in the Magnetosphere) (Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Coordinated Observations of the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere in the Polar Regions : Part I)

JIKIKEN (EXOS-B) was successfully launched on September 16, 1978 into the orbit with initial apogee of 30056 km and perigee of 227 km, with inclination of -31.1°; the orbit is suitable for the investigation of the wave-particle interaction process in the plasmasphere and the magnetosphere near the plasma-pause. The analog data transmission system is used and fine structure of the dynamic spectrum in a swept frequency range from 10 kHz to 3 MHz has been obtained and wide band spectra from several 100 Hz to 10 kHz. The important wave phenomena obtained by current observation of JIKIKEN are. 1) Auroral (Earth) kilometric radio waves ; 2) Upper hybrid mode emissions ; 3) (n+l/2)f_c emission where f_c is the electron gyrofrequency ; 4) Principal phenomena of VLF frequency range, such as whistler, chorus, and hiss ; 5) Pure tone emissions (narrow band emission) in VLF range, 6) Artificially stimulated plasma waves and observation of plasma parameters ; 7) Planetary radio waves ; 8) Solar type III outburst. As a preliminary approach to verify the wave particle interaction processes, investigations of the energy spectra have also been made for the cases of the UHR mode plasma wave and the pure tone (narrow band) emission in ELF and VLF range. UHR resonance with long duration has been triggered by 500 μs pulse in the stimulated plasma wave experiment ; the resonance persists up to 125 ms,even in VLF range (below 30 kHz) ; and the electron cyclotron resonances are stimulated at very high harmonics number n, in the maximum case, sometimes n=20. The plasmapause electron density distributions are obtained from these resonance frequencies. The injection of an electron beam from the spacecraft stimulates electrostatic waves and also causes turbulent heating in the surrounding plasma. Bursts of energetic particles of keV energies are frequently encountered outside the plasma-pause Future programs of the EXOS-B experiment include the VLF signal obseivation transmitted from Siple Station, Antarctica, and coordinated observations with the EXOS-A and other IMS dedicated satellites to reveal the source and physical mechanism of auroral phenomena in the magnetospher

ジキケン カンソク ケッカ ショキ カンソク ノ ソクホウ c. ジキケンナイ ノ ハドウ リュウシ ソウゴ サヨウ ダイ2カイ キョクイキ ニオケル デンリケン ジキケン ソウゴウ カンソク シンポジウム PART 1

磁気圏衛星は,1978年9月16日成功裡に遠地点30056km,近地点227km,軌道傾斜角-31.1°で打ち上げられた.この軌道は,プラスマポーズを横切り,波動粒子相互作用を観測し解明するのに適した軌道である.現在,多くの成果が得られつつある.この衛星は,アナロク系のデータ伝送系をもっていて,10kHzから3MHzに至る広い周波数帯にわたって,450Hzから10kHzの帯域幅で波動現象をとらえることができる.本論文は,この波動現象に関連して,成果の全体を速報的にまとめたものである.現在,磁気圏衛星で観測されつつある重要な波動現象は,1)オーロラキロメートル波放射2)高域ハイブリットモード放射3)(n+1/2)f_c放射,(F_cは電子シャイロ周波数)4)ホイスラ,コーラスおよびヒスといった主要なVLF現象5)VLF領域の単純音(狭帯域)放射現象6)人工的に励起されたプラズマ波とその応用によるプラスマパラメーターの計測7)惑星電波8)タイプIII太陽電波ハーストである.波動粒子相互作用過程を解明する第一段階として,粒子のエネルギー分布も計測された.特に,UHRモードやELFおよびVLF帯放射との対応を求めることができた.また,500μsの幅のRFパルスにより,n=20までに至るサイクロトロン高調波や,125ms間も持続するUHR放射が観測されている.さらに今後,「じきけん」では,こうした観測を継続していくが,これに加え,南極のサイプルで発射されるVLF電波の受信および,EXOS-Aや外国のいわゆるIMS衛星(ISEE, GEOS)との共同観測も行い,磁気圏におけるオーロラ現象の原因を解明していく.JIKIKEN (EXOS-B) was successfully launched on September 16, 1978 into the orbit with initial apogee of 30056 km and perigee of 227 km, with inclination of -31.1°; the orbit is suitable for the investigation of the wave-particle interaction process in the plasmasphere and the magnetosphere near the plasma-pause. The analog data transmission system is used and fine structure of the dynamic spectrum in a swept frequency range from 10 kHz to 3 MHz has been obtained and wide band spectra from several 100 Hz to 10 kHz. The important wave phenomena obtained by current observation of JIKIKEN are. 1) Auroral (Earth) kilometric radio waves ; 2) Upper hybrid mode emissions ; 3) (n+l/2)f_c emission where f_c is the electron gyrofrequency ; 4) Principal phenomena of VLF frequency range, such as whistler, chorus, and hiss ; 5) Pure tone emissions (narrow band emission) in VLF range, 6) Artificially stimulated plasma waves and observation of plasma parameters ; 7) Planetary radio waves ; 8) Solar type III outburst. As a preliminary approach to verify the wave particle interaction processes, investigations of the energy spectra have also been made for the cases of the UHR mode plasma wave and the pure tone (narrow band) emission in ELF and VLF range. UHR resonance with long duration has been triggered by 500 μs pulse in the stimulated plasma wave experiment ; the resonance persists up to 125 ms,even in VLF range (below 30 kHz) ; and the electron cyclotron resonances are stimulated at very high harmonics number n, in the maximum case, sometimes n=20. The plasmapause electron density distributions are obtained from these resonance frequencies. The injection of an electron beam from the spacecraft stimulates electrostatic waves and also causes turbulent heating in the surrounding plasma. Bursts of energetic particles of keV energies are frequently encountered outside the plasma-pause Future programs of the EXOS-B experiment include the VLF signal obseivation transmitted from Siple Station, Antarctica, and coordinated observations with the EXOS-A and other IMS dedicated satellites to reveal the source and physical mechanism of auroral phenomena in the magnetospher