Process of parenting a child with RB

Background : Retinoblastoma（RB） occurs at a very young age. Since the disease is diagnosed at an early age, the family is responsible for the care of the childʼs disease acceptance. Objective : This study aims to explore the parenting process of children with RB toward disease acceptance. Methods : Parents of eleven children with RB living in Japan were interviewed, and the data were analyzed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach of Kinoshita（M-GTA）. Results : There were twenty-one concepts representing the process of parenting a child with RB while guiding him or her toward disease acceptance, and nineteen of them were classified into ten categories based on semantic similarities. The two other concepts showed similar interpretability to categories. These categories and concepts were summarized into two core categories : “Helping the child develop a positive mindset to define the disease as a part of him/herself ” and “Paving the way in advance for the child to live comfortably when his or her living space expands”. Conclusions : In a cyclical framework of parenting, consisting of two core categories described in Results, the parents coordinated these two approaches while maintaining balance by “Avoiding saying anything that does not need to be said” and established their process of parenting a child with RB while guiding him or her toward disease acceptance, according to their household situation. The results suggest the necessity of recognizing that in childhood-onset cancers, such as RB, and diseases involving genetic issues, problems tend to occur not only during the treatment period but also at the time of life events and providing support from a comprehensive perspective

Structural characterization of N-lignoceroyl (C24:0) sphingomyelin bilayer membranes : A reevaluation

Sphingomyelin (SM) is a membrane lipid and plays important roles in signaling, protein trafficking, cell growth and death. We investigated the structure of hydrated highly asymmetric SM, N-Lignoceroyl (C24:0) SM, bilayers with X-ray diffraction (XRD), simultanous small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle XRD, and SAXS measurements. At temperatures between two endothermic transitions of hydrated C24:0 SM bilayers, the C24:0 SM formed a ripple phase with the ripple periodicity of ~12-14 nm. About 3 month incubation at 277 K induced the formation of a stable phase with a short lamellar spacing of 5.62 nm. Based upon the structures revealed by this study and the phase behavior, we discuss the intermolecular interactions between C24:0 SM molecules in the bilayer membrane

OCNSのがんゲノム医療への関与

The purpose of this study was to clarify the current status of oncology certified nurse specialist（OCNS） involvement in cancer genome medicine. A survey of 235 OCNSs who consented to participate in the study revealed that those involved in cancer genome medicine had a better understanding of hereditary tumors. Through descriptive content analysis, 8 learning needs were identified in relation to cancer genome medicine. Among these needs,［ basic knowledge of hereditary tumors and cancer genome medicine］, ［regular acquisition of up-to-date information on genetic medicine］, and［ genetic counseling in actual clinical settings］revealed no differences between OCNSs involved and not involved in genetic medicine. On the other hand,［ role of an OCNS in genetic medicine］, ［nursing care for patients and families with hereditary diseases］, ［systems and collaboration to incorporate genetic medicine into organizations］, ［information on genetic medicine for facilities other than urban/designated hospitals］, and［ programmed learning as a systematic approach to genetic medicine provided by academic societies］ differed between the groups in terms of descriptive contents

Complexation of F⁻ by Li⁺ and Mg²⁺ Ions as Inorganic Anion Acceptors in Lactone-Based Li⁺/F⁻ and Mg²⁺/F⁻ Hybrid Electrolytes for Fluoride Shuttle Batteries

The development of high-quality fluoride-ion transporting electrolytes is a crucial demand for fluoride shuttle batteries (FSBs). However, the uncontrolled chemical and electrochemical activities of fluoride ions narrow the available potential window, hindering the development of high-voltage FSB cells. We present a method for upgrading recently developed lactone-based liquid fluoride electrolytes by complexation of F⁻ with Li⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. In the resultant Li⁺/F⁻ and Mg²⁺/F⁻ hybrid electrolytes, Li2F+ and MgF+ were the most probable soluble complexes, and the effective fluoride concentrations could reach ∼0.15 M along with excess Li⁺(Mg²⁺) ions. Unique interactions between F⁻ and Li⁺(Mg²⁺) were observed using ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Li⁺(Mg²⁺) ions thus served as inorganic anion acceptors with ultimate redox stabilities to expand the negative potential window of the electrolytes to near −3 V vs SHE. The proposed complex formation was also supported by a conductometric titration method. We demonstrated the superior and versatile electrochemical performances of the Li⁺/F⁻ hybrid electrolyte, which enabled reversible charge/discharge reactions of various metal electrodes and composite electrodes in a wide range of redox series. Further, the Li⁺/F⁻ hybrid electrolyte opened valid new reaction paths for aluminum, making it a promising negative electrode in high-voltage FSB cells