Kurunthokail Agamander Uravunilai

Pattum Thogaiyum are given as Sangam literature. Kuṟunthokai is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the second of the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) in the Sangam literature.  The richness of the language and the ability to explain the biology in harmony with the nature of the Sangath Tamil people are great in this Kuruntokai. Love, the most subtle feeling of the human mind, is beautifully and deeply situated in the shorthand. This article summarizes the love relationships that are embedded in the Kuṟuntokai. Although the love of the Hero, the Heroine, the friend, Paangan, the nurse and the narrator is seen in the Kuṟuntokai, more importance is given to the love of the Hero-Heroine. Not only these but also the nature of the prostitutes who are negative members has been studied

Comparative study of Demographic Profile of Cancer Cervix patients attending IOG in the current period with that of five years ago

INTRODUCTION: Cervical Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Carcinoma of the cervix is a multifactorial disease and main causative agent is Human Papilloma Virus. Epidemiological studies have analysed many other risk factors like younger age at first intercourse (less than 16 years), multiple sexual partners, race, increased parity, environmental factors, genetic predisposition, cigarette smoking, low socioeconomic status and chronic immune suppression, micronutrient deficiency and others. Therefore socio-demographic risk quantification of cancer cervix has taken prime importance in evolution of programmes in public health for cancer cervix control. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study compares the socio-demographic profile of patients with carcinoma cervix attending IOG in the current period 2014-15 with that of 5 years ago i.e.2009-10. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective case control study conducted at Institute of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Egmore, Chennai 8. The duration of study was one year and six months. METHODOLOGY: This is a record based comparative and descriptive study conducted in IOG. The data source is from IOG audit. The sociodemographic profile of carcinoma cervix patients who were treated in IOG in the current study period 2014-2015 will be compared with that of 5 years ago 2009-2010. The detailed history will be recorded in the proforma. PROCEDURE: Records of all cancer cervix patients admitted in IOG in the years 2009, 2010, 2014 & 2015 will be obtained from Medical Records Section, IOG and analysed. DATA COLLECTION & METHODS: The following data was collected - Age, residential area, religion, educational status, occupation, socio-economic status, marital status, age at marriage, parity, age at first issue, referral, screening method which first detected,colposcopic confirmation, presenting symptoms, type of lesion, stage of disease, biopsy findings are collected from IOG audit and statistical analysis done. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: The results were subjected to statistical analysis using T test and Chi-square test. The number of cancer cervix detected patients increased was 81% in the current period when compared to previous period. Interesting factor is that the detection in less than 35 years of age in 2009-2010 period is 31.7% whereas in 2014-2015 it is 68.3%. This shows the early detection of cases in the current period has increased. Subsequently the detection in other age goups is also increasing than the previous period. Eventhough age distribution between two periods is not statistically significant as evidenced by chi square value of 2.658 and p value of 0.617, the distribution of number of cases between two periods is uniformly increasing and this shows the number of detected cases between two periods. We can see elevation in cancer cervix detected cases. There exists a statistical significance between two periods with respect to residence as evidenced by chi square value of 52.960 and p value of 0.000.This is mainly due to awareness created by various Government programmes, and advertisements by media persons among rural folks. There exist a statistical significance among two groups with respect to education as evidenced by chi square value of 77.684 and p value of 0.000 between two periods. We also infer that cancer detected cases were prevalent more in the literate group and also among rural population by the awareness program by health providers in the current period. There exists a statistical significance between two periods with respect to age of marriage as evidenced by p value of 0.000. The table inferred that there is steep decrease of early marriages in the current period when compared to previous period. As literacy rate and awareness of child marriage problems are increasing , early onset of marriage has been reduced in the current period. There exists a statistical significance among two periods with respect to parity status as evidenced by chi square value of 75.323 and p value of 0.000. This clearly shows cancer cervix detection is elevated in high parity women. There exists a statistical significance among two periods with respect to screening methods which first detected as evidenced by chi square value of 282.834 and p value of 0.000. Per speculum method alone as screening is having a low sensitivity compared to other screening methods. In present period only 5.8% patients were screened by per speculum alone. This clearly shows present period detection will be more accurate than the previous period with other screening methods. There exist a statistical significance with respect to colposcopic confirmation between two periods as evidenced by Chi square value of 1103.000 and p value of 0.000 There is a statistical significance between two groups with respect to different stages as evidenced by chi square value of 34.271 and p value of 0.000. The early detection of early stage cancers of the present period is 11.2% greater than the previous period of 6%. CONCLUSION: Cancer cervix continues to be a major health problem in countries like India. This study is attempted to analyse the knowledge available regarding the epidemiology, various pattern of cervical cancer, and various risk factors. In the current period, there is early detection of cases when compared to the previous period in women less than 35 years. The awareness among rural women has also increased due to the various government programmes and advertisements by media persons in the current period. Therefore the number of women detected among rural areas has been increased. As the literacy rates are increased in the current period as per educational statistics, the effectiveness of awareness programmes are also increased. The early age at marriage and age at first issue is an important risk factor for cancer cervix and this has been reduced in the current period. With the changes in the socio-economic profile, different screening strategies, easy accessibility of screening services and with increased awareness among women including women from rural areas with adequate literacy rate, there is an elevation of cancer cervix detection in the early stage itself in the current period when compared to the previous period. With early detection, patients could be treated effectively and the morbidity and mortality could be decreased

ADVERSE DRUG REACTION (ADR) MONITORING AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE

The need for systematic follow up of medicines for adverse drug reactions once they are introduced into general use has been widely recognised today. Even in developing countries like India, national pharmacovigilance programme has been started for monitoring adverse drug reactions. In its first year this program mainly aimed to foster the culture of ADR notification among health care professionals. As a part of health care team every pharmacist must have knowledge about adverse drug reaction monitoring systems and pharmacovigilance

Shape changing nonlocal molecular deformations in a nematic liquid crystal system

Abstract The nature of nonlinear molecular deformations in a homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal (NLC) is presented. We start from the basic dynamical equation for the director axis of a NLC with elastic deformation and mapped onto a integro-differential perturbed Nonlinear Schrodinger equation which includes the nonlocal term. By invoking the modified extended tangent hyperbolic function method aided with symbolic computation, we obtain a series of solitary wave solutions. Under the influence of the nonlocality induced by the reorientation nonlinearity due to fluctuations in the molecular orientation, the solitary wave exhibits shape changing property for different choices of parameters. This intriguing property as a result of the relation between the coherence of the solitary deformation and the nonlocality reveals a strong need for a deeper understanding in the theory of self-localization in NLC systems

An Effective Disease Prediction System using CRF based Butterfly Optimization, Fuzzy Decision Tree and DBN

Diabetes is a seriously deadly disease today. It is necessary to enable patients to control their blood glucose levels. Even though, in the past, various researchers proposed numerous diabetic detection and prediction systems they are not fulfilling the requirements in terms of detection and prediction accuracy. Nowadays, diabetes patients are utilizing the gadgets like Wireless Insulin Pump that passes into the body instead of syringes for filling insulin. Within this context, insulin treatment is necessary for avoiding life-threatening. Toward this mission, a new deep learning approach-based disease detection system is introduced which takes care of identifying Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes, heart diseases, and breast cancer. In this system, a new Conditional Random Field based Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (CRF-BOA) is developedto select the important features for identifying the Type-1 and Type-2 diabetic disease. Besides, a new fuzzy ID3 classification method is developed for classifying the patient's datasets either normal or abnormal and disease affected. Ultimately, by applying the deep belief network (DBN) the classified patient records are involved with training to identify the relevant symptoms of similarity and glucose status of various patient records. These experiments are being conducted for proving the efficiency of the proposed deep learning approach in terms of glucose monitoring efficiency and disease prediction accuracy.The proposed approach achieved high detection accuracy than the current deep learning approaches in this directionbased on error rate and accuracy

Feasibility of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy during vaginal hystertectomy for benign uterine diseases

Background: Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) remains the best measure in the prevention of ovarian cancer as it lacks an effective screening tool. The need to perform prophylactic BSO shouldn't dictate the route of surgery. To assess the feasibility of prophylactic BSO during vaginal hysterectomy. To analyze the safety of the vaginal BSO.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Velammal Medical College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India from June 2016 to June 2018 over a period of 3 years. 54 women who underwent hysterectomy for benign uterine disease in whom concomitant prophylactic BSO was attempted were included in the study. Preoperative data like age, parity, menopausal status, BMI, previous pelvic surgeries were noted from the admission record. Intraoperative details like indication for surgery, surgical procedure, duration of surgery and complications like hemorrhage, bladder, ureter and bowel injury were collected from the operative record. Postoperative recovery details were also noted down from the case sheet. The collected data were then analyzed.Results: Of the 54 women included in the study, transvaginal BSO was successful in 53 (98.1%) women. There was one case of primary haemorrhage due to slippage of ovarian pedicle, another patient required laparotomy for completing BSO. None had bladder, ureter or bowel injury.Conclusions: Prophylactic BSO is both feasible and safe in almost all patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Developing the skill to perform transvaginal BSO can inspire gynaecologists to move a step forward and deal with benign adnexal pathology concomitantly at vaginal hysterectomy. The risk of remnant ovarian syndrome post vaginal oophorectomy is unknown

Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Image Processing Techniques and Resnet252v2 for Detection of Covid19 from X-Ray Images

The 2019 coronavirus disease, also known as SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a highly contagious viral infection with a significant global impact. It has rapidly spread across various regions, resulting in a substantial number of individuals being affected by this disease. Research findings indicate that the rapid and widespread transmission of the disease has posed significant challenges for healthcare professionals in promptly diagnosing the condition and implementing effective measures to contain its propagation. The automation of the diagnostic procedure has emerged as a critical necessity. According to research findings, the implementation of this particular measure has been shown to significantly enhance work efficiency while simultaneously safeguarding healthcare workers from potential exposure to harmful viruses. Medical image analysis is a rapidly growing area of research that offers a promising solution to address this problem with greater precision. This research paper introduces a novel approach for predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection using chest radiography images..

A MODIFIED DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORK FOR DETECTION OF COVID19 FROM CHEST X-RAYS BASED ON CONCATENATION OF IMAGE PREPROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND RESnCOV

The fast-spreading coronavirus disease called COVID-19 has impacted millions of people worldwide. It becomes difficult for medical experts to rapidly detect the illness and stop its spread because of its rapid growth and rising numbers. One of the newer areas of study where this issue can be more carefully addressed is medical image analysis. In this study, we implemented an image processing system utilizing deep learning and neural networks to previse the 2019-nCoV using chest roentgen ray images. In order to recognize COVID-19 positive and healthy patients using chest roentgen ray images, this paper suggests employing convolutional neural networks, deep learning, and machine learning. We proposed a neural network composed of various features taken from two convolutional neural networks, ResNet50 and ResNet152V2, in order to successfully manage the intricate structural complexity of an image. We tested our network on 7940 images to see how well it performs in real-world situations. The proposed network detects normal and COVID-19 cases with an average accuracy of 95% and can be used as an aid in the radiology departmen

Magnetization reversal in a site-dependent anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet under electromagnetic wave propagation

Abstract Information density and switching of magnetization offers an interesting physical phenomenon which invoke magneto-optical techniques employed on the magnetic medium. In this paper, we explore the soliton assisted magnetization reversal in the nanosecond regime in the theoretical framework of the Landau–Lifshitz–Maxwell (LLM) model. Starting from the Landau–Lifshitz equation, we employ the reductive perturbation method to derive an inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation, governing the nonlinear spin excitations of a site-dependent anisotropic ferromagnetic medium under the influence of electromagnetic (EM) field in the classical continuum limit. From the results, it is found that the soliton undergoes a flipping thereby indicating the occurrence of magnetization reversal behavior in the nanoscale regime due to the presence of inhomogeneity in the form of a linear function. Besides, the spin components of magnetization are also evolved as soliton spin excitations

INVESTIGATION ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE LEAVES OF TRIANTHEMA PORTULACASTRUM ON HUMAN PATHOGENS

Objective: Many of the plants are used for medicinal purposes in human health needs. Trianthema portulacastrum has got many medicinal values andalso a dietary plant, being used in Ayurveda. It exhibits nephroprotective, diuretic, anti-cancerous, antihelmintic, antipyretic, analgesic properties,anti-inflammatory activity, and also antibacterial activity. The objective of this study is to determine the mechanism of action of the leaves ofT. portulacastrum on human pathogens.Methods: The mechanism has been analyzed by membrane permeability, time-kill kinetics, hemolytic activity, DNA binding ability, post antibioticeffect, and bacterial membrane damage by scanning electron microscopy.Results: This study reveal that the flavonoid and methanol fractions of T. portulacastrum have potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcusaureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The leaves of T. portulacastrum has been proved as a safer drug indicating its noncytotoxic property and found tokill the bacterial cells by permeating the membrane and damage the DNA of the bacterial cells.Conclusion: This study proved the mode of antibacterial action of T. portulacastrum on S. aureus and K. pneumoniae indicating its antibacterialefficacy on human pathogens.Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Postantibiotic, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Trianthema portulacastrum