Bildung nach Dreeben

"An den Begriff der Bildung haben sich in mehr als zweihundert Jahren so viele Leistungserwartungen angelagert, dass er fast nur noch historisch und als Symbol ungelöster Probleme oder zu kompakt gestellter Fragen brauchbar scheint. ... Gibt es trotz dieser verfahrenen Lage noch gute Gründe, den Bildungsbegriff zu verwenden? Man kann auch umgekehrt fragen: Wo liegen die Grenzen einer Theorietradition, die von vornherein zum Begriff der Bildung in Distanz gegangen ist?" Mit dieser Frage bezieht sich der Autor auf die soziologische Theorietradition. "Denn anstatt von Bildung zu sprechen, verwenden Soziologen zur Analyse dessen, was in Schulen und Familien geschieht, zumeist die Unterscheidung von Erziehung und Sozialisation." Die Sozialisationstheorie des Unterrichts behandelt der Autor am Beispiel von Robert A. Dreeben. (DIPF/Orig./Un

Middle-Class Women and Care Work in the Long Nineteenth Century

While it was common for Victorian working-class women to be employed outside of the home, a paid occupation spelled the end of gentility for their bourgeois counterparts. Yet many of these ladies found respectable alternatives to make a living. For our research of the nineteenth century, we rely to a great extent on numbers – census data, population statistics, percentages. However, few contemporary employment records give an accurate or reliable account of the respective household constellation, particularly with regard to women. Looking at these numbers, we have to bear in mind that we are also looking at numbers accrued with certain assumptions about the role of women in society. Unlike the New Woman of the fin de siècle, who is a typist or clerk, some held positions which fell outside of the common labor categories. From Charles Dickens to Neo-Edwardian literature, these ‘odd women’ appear as caretakers, companions, and assistants performing various duties. Broadening the scope of investigation into women and work in England during the long nineteenth century beyond considerations of manual and educational employment into the realm of emotional labor, we can obtain more information on the restrictions of contemporary ideology and the power dynamics of affective care

Temporal Evolution Of Universal Performance Indicators For Academic Publication

We show universal behaviour for two indicators of the quality of publications taken from two different data sets, papers from a single institution and those on arXiv. We demonstrate this universality for different years and subjects. This distribution is well fitted by a lognormal with a variance of around 1.3, consistent with Radicchi et al (2008). We will also discuss the evolution over time of our measures describing the data and note that simple models do not have the correct temporal behaviour for our parameters. Based on arXiv:1110.3271 with additional new material. Poster given at ECCS 201

Separating art from the artist: The effect of negative affective knowledge on ERPs and aesthetic experience

Some artists do terrible things. But does knowing something bad about an artist affect the way we perceive the work? Despite increased public interest, this question has yet to be addressed empirically. In this pre-registered study, we used aesthetic ratings and electrophysiological brain responses to shed light on the issue. We found that paintings of artists associated with negative-social biographical knowledge were liked less and found more arousing than paintings of artists associated with neutral information. Such paintings also elicited an enhanced brain response associated with fast and reflexive processing of emotional stimuli (early posterior negativity; EPN). Evaluations of quality and later, more controlled brain responses (late positive potential; LPP) were not affected. Reflecting the complexity of aesthetic experience, this pattern of results became more differentiated when the visual relatedness between the contents of the painting and the artist-related information was taken into account. Overall, our findings suggest that emotional aspects involved in art reception are not spontaneously separated from the artist, whilst evaluative judgments and more elaborate processing may be.Peer Reviewe

Hass im Netz: Vorabdruck aus "Die gespaltene Gesellschaft" von Jürgen Kaube und André Kieserling

Jürgen Kaube und André Kieserling: Die gespaltene Gesellschaft. Berlin: Rohwolt Berlin 2022. 978-3-7371-0148-

Nociception-specific blink reflex : pharmacology in healthy volunteers

Background: The physiology and pharmacology of activation or perception of activation of pain-coding trigeminovascular afferents in humans is fundamental to understanding the biology of headache and developing new treatments. Methods: The blink reflex was elicited using a concentric electrode and recorded in four separate sessions, at baseline and two minutes after administration of ramped doses of diazepam (final dose 0.07 mg/kg), fentanyl (final dose 1.11 mu g/kg), ketamine (final dose 0.084 mg/kg) and 0.9 % saline solution. The AUC (area under the curve, mu V*ms) and the latency (ms) of the ipsi- and contralateral R2 component of the blink reflex were calculated by PC-based offline analysis. Immediately after each block of blink reflex recordings certain psychometric parameters were assessed. Results: There was an effect due to DRUG on the ipsilateral (F-3,F-60 = 7.3, P < 0.001) AUC as well as on the contralateral (F-3,F-60 = 6.02, P < 0.001) AUC across the study. A significant decrement in comparison to placebo was observed only for diazepam, affecting the ipsilateral AUC. The scores of alertness, calmness, contentedness, reaction time and precision were not affected by the DRUG across the sessions. Conclusion: Previous studies suggest central, rather than peripheral changes in nociceptive trigeminal transmission in migraine. This study demonstrates a robust effect of benzodiazepine receptor modulation of the nociception specific blink reflex (nBR) without any mu-opiate or glutamate NMDA receptor component. The nociception specific blink reflex offers a reproducible, quantifiable method of assessment of trigeminal nociceptive system in humans that can be used to dissect pharmacology relevant to primary headache disorders

Pain Ratings, Psychological Functioning and Quantitative EEG in a Controlled Study of Chronic Back Pain Patients

<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Several recent studies report the presence of a specific EEG pattern named Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia (TCD) in patients with severe chronic neurogenic pain. This is of major interest since so far no neuroscientific indicator of chronic pain could be identified. We investigated whether a TCD-like pattern could be found in patients with moderate chronic back pain, and we compared patients with neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain components. We furthermore assessed the presence of psychopathology and the degree of psychological functioning and examined whether the strength of the TCD-related EEG markers is correlated with psychological symptoms and pain ratings.</p> <h3>Design</h3><p>Controlled clinical trial with age and sex matched healthy controls.</p> <h3>Methods</h3><p>Spontaneous EEG was recorded in 37 back pain patients and 37 healthy controls.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>We were not able to observe a statistically significant TCD effect in the EEG data of the whole patient group, but a subsample of patients with evidence for root damage showed a trend in this direction. Pain patients showed markedly increased psychopathology. In addition, patients' ratings of pain intensity within the last 1 to 12 months showed strong correlations with EEG power, while psychopathology was correlated to the peak frequency.</p> <h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Out of several possible interpretations the most likely conclusion is that only patients with severe pain as well as root lesions with consecutive thalamic deafferentation develop the typical TCD pattern. Our primary method of defining ‘neuropathic pain’ could not reliably determine if such a deafferentation was present. Nevertheless the analysis of a specific subsample as well as correlations between pain ratings, psychopathology and EEG power and peak frequency give some support to the TCD concept.</p> <h3>Trial Registration</h3><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00744575">NCT00744575</a></p> </div