Vaccination hesitancy, knowledge and the role of confidence

While from a medical point of view it seems obvious that \u27vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent disease\u27 (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020), some people reject vaccinations for various reasons. The scientific discourse refers to them as vaccination hesitant. In this article the authors take a closer look at the different concepts of knowledge underlying vaccination hesitancy. They look at the history of vaccination hesitancy, examine current studies and report on select, empirical research into parental vaccination hesitancy, that we carried out in 2014/2015. Finally, the authors argue that the key challenge in vaccination education is not only to provide information but to build confidence. (DIPF/Orig.

Funktionelle PVD-Viellagenschichten aus den Systemen Fe-Co-Hf-N, Ti-N und Ti-Al-N für die Hochfrequenz-Sensorik

In dieser Arbeit wurden Verschleißschutzschichten mit integrierter Sensorfunktionalität zur berührungslosen Erfassung von Änderungen der Schichteigenschaften in Echtzeit mittels elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder entwickelt. Dazu wurden Viellagenschichten mit einstellbaren Eigenschaftsprofilen bestehend aus TiN Hartstoff- und ferromagnetischen FeCoHfN Funktionslagen hergestellt und die Sensorfunktionalität in Hinblick auf Dehnung, Temperaturänderung und Materialabtrag charakterisiert

Skepsis im Entscheiden: wie begründen impfskeptische Eltern ihre Impfentscheidungen?

Elterliche Impfentscheidungen sind im öffentlichen Diskurs ebenso umstritten wie im kommunikativen Austausch unter Eltern. Der Artikel referiert Ergebnisse einer explorativen Studie, in der Interviews mit impfskeptischen Eltern qualitativ analysiert werden. Der Artikel kommt zu dem Schluss, dass Impfskepsis nicht allein als medizinisches Thema, sondern im Zusammenhang mit einer bestimmten Konzeption von Elternschaft diskutiert werden sollte. (Autorenreferat)Parental decision making about childhood vaccination has been controversial, not only in public but also within families. The article presents the outcome of an explorative interview-based study on parental decision- making. Interviews with parents objecting to common vaccination recommendations were analyzed based on discourse analysis and grounded theory. The authors conclude that parental skepticism of vaccinations should not only be discussed as a medical question, but requires a more board context, involving a certain conceptual perception of parenthood. (author's abstract

Klinische Studie zur Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von männlicher Kontrazeption mit Testosteron-Undecanoat und Norethisteronazetat

In einer klinischen Phase II-Studie wurde an 14 gesunden Männern über einen Behandlungszeitraum von 24 Wochen die Anwendung von 1000 mg Testosteron-Undecanoat i.m. in den Wochen 0, 6, 12 und 18 mit der Addition von 10 mg Norethisteronazetat täglich per os zum Zwecke der Kontrazeption untersucht. Zielparameter waren die Spermiensuppression und die Auswirkungen der Therapie auf die Sexualhormone, besonders die Gonadotropine. Zudem wurden die Nebeneffekte der Anwendung beobachtet. Es kam zu einer signifikanten Suppression der Gonadotropine und der Spermatogenese. Von 14 Probanden erreichten 12 eine Azoospermie und 2 eine schwere Oligospermie = 0,1x106/ml. An Nebeneffekten konnte eine signifikante Gewichtszunahme beobachtet werden, ein Abfall des HDL-Cholesterins und der alkalischen Phosphatase, eine Zunahme der Thrombozyten zu einigen Zeitpunkten, eine klinisch unbedeutende signifikante Erhöhung des Leberenzyms LDH und eine nichtsignifikante Erhöhung der GPT im Behandlungszeitraum

Is BK Virus-Associated Cystitis a Generalized Epithelial Disease?

BK polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis (BKHC) is a complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which can occur in 5–60% of the cases. BK viruria alone can also occur in up to 100%. BKHC can lead to severe morbidity in stem cell-transplanted patients, but data about this disease is limited. Consequently, we conducted a prospective unicentric non-interventional trial on BKHC as well as BK viruria after first adult allogeneic stem cell transplantation with a follow-up time of 1 year after inpatient treatment. Between November 2013 and December 2015, we were able to include 40 adult patients with a mean age of 52.8 years. Twenty-seven (67.5%) of these patients were male and 13 (32.5%) were female. Acute myeloid leukaemia was the most frequent underlying disease (n = 15; 37.5%). Only 1 patient developed BKHC during inpatient treatment (n = 1; 2.5%), but BK viruria was frequent (n = 11; 27.5%) during inpatient treatment as well as in the follow-up time (n = 14; 35%). Interestingly, BK viruria was significantly associated with mucositis (p = 0.038) and number of transfused platelet concentrates (p = 0.001). This unexpected association will be discussed and needs further investigation

Are the Polyomaviruses BK and JC Associated with Opportunistic Infections, Graft-versus-Host Disease, or Worse Outcomes in Adult Patients Receiving Their First Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with Low-Dose Alemtuzumab?

Background: The association of polyomaviruses BK and JC with other opportunistic infections and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in allogeneic stem cell transplantation is controversially discussed. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 64 adult patients who received their first allogeneic stem cell transplantation between March 2010 and December 2014; the follow-up time was 2 years. Results: Acute leukemia was the most frequent underlying disease (45.3%), and conditioning included myeloablative (67.2%) and nonmyeloablative protocols (32.8%). All patients received 10 mg of alemtuzumab on day -2 (20 mg in case of mismatch) as GvHD prophylaxis. Twenty-seven patients (41.5%) developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation. BKPyV-associated hemorrhagic cystitis was diagnosed in 10 patients (15.6%). Other opportunistic infections caused by viruses or protozoa occurred rarely (<10%). There was no association of BKPyV or JCPyV with CMV reactivation, Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, human herpes virus 6, or parvovirus B19 infection requiring treatment. There was a significant correlation of BKPyV-associated hemorrhagic cystitis with toxoplasmosis (p = 0.013). Additionally, there was a significant link of simultaneous BKPyV and JCPyV viruria with toxoplasmosis (p = 0.047). BKPyV and JCPyV were not associated with GvHD, relapse, or death. Conclusion: We found no association of BKPyV or JCPyV with viral infections or GvHD. Only the correlation of both polyomaviruses with toxoplasmosis was significant. This is a novel and interesting finding

Lifestyle interventions for patients with non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis-Design, rationale and protocol of the study "target group-specific optimisation of lifestyle interventions for behavior change in non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (OPTI-NASH)"

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH) is the inflammatory, progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A delayed diagnose interval is typical for the majority of the patients because of the asymptomatic natural course. However, serious sequelae may develop such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is also associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases. Obesity developed due to a lack of exercise or a disadvantageous diet often leads to NAFLD or NASH, thereby interventions including enhanced physical activity and calorie reduction form the actual gold standard of treatment. To date, patients rarely use these. The project aims to model lifestyle interventions based on the preferences of the NASH patients. METHODS: Based on a systematic review and focus group discussions, two discrete choice experiments (DCE) will be designed, one on aspects influencing successful uptake of lifestyle interventions and one to analyses parameters contributing to long-term participation. An online survey will be used to elicit patient's preferences on program design and on motivational aspects in a cross-sectional design. The recruitment will take place in nine certified specialist practices and hospital outpatient clinics aiming to reach a sample size of n = 500 which is also required for the DCE design. DISCUSSION: The results will provide an overview of the NASH patient's preferences regarding the successful uptake and long-term implementation of lifestyle interventions. Recommendations for optimized lifestyle change programs will be derived and an intervention manual will be developed to facilitate target group-specific inclusion in programs in practice.</p

Helios spacecraft data revisited: Detection of cometary meteoroid trails by in-situ dust impacts

Cometary meteoroid trails exist in the vicinity of comets, forming fine structure of the interplanetary dust cloud. The trails consist predominantly of cometary particles with sizes of approximately 0.1 mm to 1 cm which are ejected at low speeds and remain very close to the comet orbit for several revolutions around the Sun. When re-analysing the Helios dust data measured in the 1970s, Altobelli et al. (2006) recognized a clustering of seven impacts, detected in a very narrow region of space at a true anomaly angle of 135 deg, which the authors considered as potential cometary trail particles. We re-analyse these candidate cometary trail particles to investigate the possibility that some or all of them indeed originate from cometary trails and we constrain their source comets. The Interplanetary Meteoroid Environment for eXploration (IMEX) dust streams in space model is a new universal model for cometary meteoroid streams in the inner solar system, developed by Soja et al. (2015). Using IMEX we study cometary trail traverses by Helios. During ten revolutions around the Sun, and in the narrow region of space where Helios detected the candidate dust particles, the spacecraft repeatedly traversed the trails of comets 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajduvsakova and 72P/Denning-Fujikawa. Based on the detection times and particle impact directions, four detected particles are compatible with an origin from these two comets. We find a dust spatial density in these trails of about 10^-8 to 10^-7 m^-3. The in-situ detection and analysis of meteoroid trail particles which can be traced back to their source bodies by spacecraft-based dust analysers opens a new window to remote compositional analysis of comets and asteroids without the necessity to fly a spacecraft to or even land on those celestial bodies. This provides new science opportunities for future missions like Destiny+, Europa Clipper and IMAP.Comment: 13 pages, 9 Figures, 2 Tables, accepted for pubication by Astronomy and Astrophysic

Совершенствование программы формирования кадрового резерва на предприятии нефтегазовой отрасли

Объектом исследования является: Система кадрового резерва АО "Томскнефть" ВНК. Цель работы – Совершенстование системы кадрового резерва АО "Томскнефть" ВНК. В результате исследования: предложены рекомендации по совершенствованию системы кадрового резерва АО "Томскнефть" ВНК. Экономическая эффективность состоит в том, что развитие кадрового резерва позволит повысить эффективность трудовых ресурсов и, следовательно, приведет к росту технико-экономических показателей компании.Object of study is: The system of personnel reserve of JSC "Tomskneft" VNK. Purpose of work - Improving the system of personnel reserve of JSC “Tomskneft” VNK. As a result of the study: recommendations are proposed for improving the personnel reserve system of JSC Tomskneft VNK. Economic efficiency consists in the fact that the development of the personnel reserve will increase the efficiency of labor resources and, consequently, will lead to an increase in the technical and economic indicators of the company