2,798 research outputs found
Rapidly inducible, genetically targeted inactivation of neural and synaptic activity in vivo
Inducible and reversible perturbation of the activity of selected neurons in vivo is critical to understanding the dynamics of brain circuits. Several genetically encoded systems for rapid inducible neuronal silencing have been developed in the past few years offering an arsenal of tools for in vivo experiments. Some systems are based on ion-channels or pumps, others on G protein coupled receptors, and yet others on modified presynaptic proteins. Inducers range from light to small molecules to peptides. This diversity results in differences in the various parameters that may determine the applicability of each tool to a particular biological question. Although further development would be beneficial, the current silencing tool kit already provides the ability to make specific perturbations of circuit function in behaving animals
Germination of pine seed in weightlessness (investigation in Kosmos 782)
An investigation was made of the orientation of aboveground and underground organs of pine plants grown from seed in weightlessness. Orientation was found to be caused by the position of the seeds relative to the substrate surface. Normal growth was manifest only for the plants grown from seed oriented with embryo toward the substrate. Differences were noted between experiment and control as to the quantitative content of nucleoli in the meristematic cells of the rootlets and the shape of cells in the cotyledonous leaflets. No complete agreement was found between data obtained in weightlessness and when gravity was compensated (clinostat treatment with horizontal rotation)
Pine seed germination under weightlessness (a study of the Kosmos 782 satellite)
Orientation of the above and underground organs of pine plants, grown from seeds under weightlessness, was found to be determined by seed position on the substrate. Normal plant growth was observed only if the seed embryos were oriented toward the substrate. Some differences were noted between the experimental and control plants concerning the amount of nucleoli in the root meristematic cells and the cell shape in cotyledonous leaves. No complete similarity was found in experimental results obtained with plants under weightlessness and under compensated gravity. The seeds were obtained from Pinus silvestris, considered to be particularly suitable for this experiment
Organizational model of the congress and exhibition cluster in the field of business travel
The relevance of the analyzed issue is caused by the growth of the international trade in the intensity of business travel services, including in the field of the congress and exhibition business, which necessitates the formation of the effective management model of business travel services at the destination level. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the formation algorithm of the cluster development strategy of tourism and the development of organizational functioning models of the congress and exhibition cluster in the destination. The leading approach to the study of this issue is the method of modeling, which allowed considering the practice of clusters functioning as a sequence of stages of its formation and development, taking into account the resource potential of destinations. Results: the article presents a stepwise algorithm for creating the congress and exhibition cluster in the destination and proves the fundamental organizational model for its functioning in the business tourism market; isolates and systematized criteria and indicators for assessing the contribution of participants of the tourism cluster in the destination development. The contents of this article may be useful for researchers, interested in the use of the cluster approach in the services sector, as well as to regional authorities, responsible for the development of tourism. Β© 2016 Karpova et al
Craft training in Russia: Theory and practice of development
The relevance of the research topic is substantiated by the social commitment to the establishment of a system of craft training focused on training personnel for craft enterprises. The purpose of the article is to provide theoretical and methodological substantiation of the necessity to provide organizational and pedagogical foundations for the development of craft training in Russia. The main method of research on this problem is the method of studying and generalizing the pedagogic experience to identify the main tendencies and contradictions of formation of a new kind of vocational education in Russia. The outcome of the research is the theoretical and methodological justification of the development of craft training as a special kind of vocational education, revealing its role and place in the social economic sphere and in the system of vocational education; the identification of the value and target base and organizational pedagogical foundations of the development of vocational education in crafts as a set of interrelated managerial and organizational, informative and technological ideas, principles and conditions taking into account the patterns and contradictions of development of this kind of education. The material of the article may be useful for practitioners and researchers in the field of vocational education, for lecturers and graduate students who are interested in the development of the system of vocational education and training. Β© 2016. Romantsev et al
The influenza epidemic in Russia during the 2014β2015 season
The goal of this study was to compare the data on the intensity of the influenza A(H3N2) and B epidemic (especially the death toll) in the 2014β2015 season with the previous epidemic of the 2013-2014 season. The data on weekly morbidity, hospitalization, deaths from influenza, and acute respiratory diseases in different age groups of inhabitants of 59 cities located in 7 Federal districts of the Russian Federation were collected using the database of the Research Institute of Influenza.Analysis of this data showed that the influenza epidemic in 2014-2015 began earlier (in December) compared to the epidemic of 2013-2014, and spread mainly from Europe through Russia to the East. The intensity of the epidemic of 2014-2015 was higher compared to the previous one. The epidemic was more prevalent by regions and cities and a wider engagement of different age groups (except children up to 2 years of age) was observed. At the peak of the epidemic, the morbidity level was higher, the average duration of the epidemic was longer, and the number of patients among citiesβ inhabitants (especially among children 7-14 years of age and adults) was higher than in the previous season. The rates of hospitalization with influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) among patients older than 65 years were also higher (1.4 times) as well as the frequency of hospitalization with a diagnosis of βinfluenzaβ (2.7 times) and the number of deaths from laboratory confirmed influenza (1.8 times).Although the influenza pandemic virus strain A(H1N1)pdm09 was not the main causative agent of the 2015 epidemic and was distributed sporadically it still remained the leading cause of deaths from influenza in the course of this epidemic (45.5% of all cases). The deaths associated with this strain were recorded only in the European part of Russian Federation.The goal of this study was to compare the data on the intensity of the influenza A(H3N2) and B epidemic (especially the death toll) in the 2014β2015 season with the previous epidemic of the 2013-2014 season. The data on weekly morbidity, hospitalization, deaths from influenza, and acute respiratory diseases in different age groups of inhabitants of 59 cities located in 7 Federal districts of the Russian Federation were collected using the database of the Research Institute of Influenza. Analysis of this data showed that the influenza epidemic in 2014-2015 began earlier (in December) compared to the epidemic of 2013-2014, and spread mainly from Europe through Russia to the East. The intensity of the epidemic of 2014-2015 was higher compared to the previous one. The epidemic was more prevalent by regions and cities and a wider engagement of different age groups (except children up to 2 years of age) was observed. At the peak of the epidemic, the morbidity level was higher, the average duration of the epidemic was longer, and the number of patients among citiesβ inhabitants (especially among children 7-14 years of age and adults) was higher than in the previous season. The rates of hospitalization with influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) among patients older than 65 years were also higher (1.4 times) as well as the frequency of hospitalization with a diagnosis of βinfluenzaβ (2.7 times) and the number of deaths from laboratory confirmed influenza (1.8 times). Although the influenza pandemic virus strain A(H1N1)pdm09 was not the main causative agent of the 2015 epidemic and was distributed sporadically it still remained the leading cause of deaths from influenza in the course of this epidemic (45.5% of all cases). The deaths associated with this strain were recorded only in the European part of Russian Federation
Π‘ΡΠ°Π½ Π±ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
It was developed model of alcoholic hepatitis by intragastric administration of 40 % ethanol at a dose of 7 ml/kg body weight of male Wistar rats for 7 days. As a biochemical marker of alcoholic hepatitis were used indicators of cytolytic syndrome (activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, catalase), cholestatic syndromes (alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) and lipid exchange (levels of cholesterol, triglycerides). It was shown that metadoxine (ionic salt of pyridoxine and pyroglutamic acid), which was administered preventively intragastrically at a dose of 90 mg/kg 30 min prior to the administration of alcohol, normalized activity of aspartate aminotransferase and catalase; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; triglycerides. The lack of a positive influence of metadoxine on the other studied biochemical blood parameters indicatives that mechanisms of development of alcoholic hepatitis and course of its are different. It is assumed that the hepatoprotective effect of the drug is realized through antioxidant mechanism.ΠΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 40% ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 7 ΠΌΠ»/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 7 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° (Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, Π°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π·Ρ), Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° (Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ) ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° (ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ (ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 90 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ Π·Π° 30 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π·Ρ; Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ; ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ.ΠΡΠ΄ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ 40 % ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ 7 ΠΌΠ»/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΡΡΠ²-ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ² Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ 7 Π΄Π½ΡΠ². Π ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΡ (Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ, Π°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π·ΠΈ), Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΡ (Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ, Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΈ) ΡΠ° Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡΠ½Ρ (Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ²). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ (ΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π° ΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ 90 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ Π·Π° 30 Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π·ΠΈ; Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΈ; Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ². ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ³Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ
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