Vers un modèle pédagogique de compréhension des textes

The interactive reading model deals with the capacity for reading in terms of text reception in a native language. In the article, we try to place the interactive reading model in the foreign language learning/teaching situation, assuming that mental operations carried out by a foreign language reader learner can be described as strategies of understanding. By showing the specific nature of such strategies and distinguishing a superior strategy (the one that controls the use of the others), we attempt to build a didactic model of text reception in a foreign language

Osseous metaplasia of thyroid cancer

Not required for Clinical Vignette

Genetic and histological subtypes of gastric cancer reviewed, particularly emphasising on microsatellite instability and E-cadherin gene mutation

Almost one million new cases of gastric cancer (GC) were estimated globally in 2012, (i.e. 952,000, representing 6.8% of the total cancer burden), making it the fifth most common malignancy in the world. GC represents a biologically and genetically diverse group of tumours with multifactorial aetiologies; both environmental and genetic. The vast majority of GCs are adenocarcinomas, which can be further subdivided into intestinal and diffuse histological subtypes according to the Lauren classification published in 1965. The molecular classification of GC according to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) divides GC into four subtypes: tumours positive for the EBV virus (9%), microsatellite unstable tumours (22%), genomically stable tumours (20%) and tumours with chromosomal instability (CIN) at 50%. Most GCs are sporadic by nature, where approximately 10% appear to possess a familial predisposition of which around half can be attributed to hereditary germline mutations i.e. those of the E-cadherin (CDH1) or mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Histopathological characteristics of the tumour type and analysis of potential genetic changes have substantial clinical significance, as they determine the choice of treatment. In this review, we consider the molecular pathogenesis, phenotype and testing of GC placing particular emphasis on microsatellite instability (MSI) and the CDH1 mutation

Genetic and histological subtypes of gastric cancer reviewed, particularly emphasising on microsatellite instability and E-cadherin gene mutation

Almost one million new cases of gastric cancer (GC) were estimated globally in 2012, (i.e. 952,000, representing 6.8% of the total cancer burden), making it the fifth most common malignancy in the world. GC represents a biologically and genetically diverse group of tumours with multifactorial aetiologies; both environmental and genetic. The vast majority of GCs are adenocarcinomas, which can be further subdivided into intestinal and diffuse histological subtypes according to the Lauren classification published in 1965. The molecular classification of GC according to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) divides GC into four subtypes: tumours positive for the EBV virus (9%), microsatellite unstable tumours (22%), genomically stable tumours (20%) and tumours with chromosomal instability (CIN) at 50%. Most GCs are sporadic by nature, where approximately 10% appear to possess a familial predisposition of which around half can be attributed to hereditary germline mutations i.e. those of the E-cadherin (CDH1) or mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Histopathological characteristics of the tumour type and analysis of potential genetic changes have substantial cli­nical significance, as they determine the choice of treatment. In this review, we consider the molecular pathogenesis, phenotype and testing of GC placing particular emphasis on microsatellite instability (MSI) and the CDH1 mutation

On the pedagogical model of text comprehension

The interactive reading model deals with the capacity for reading in terms of text reception in a native language. In the article, we try to place the interactive reading model in the foreign language learning/teaching situation, assuming that mental operations carried out by a foreign language reader learner can be described as strategies of understanding. By showing the specific nature of such strategies and distinguishing a superior strategy (the one that controls the use of the others), we attempt to build a didactic model of text reception in a foreign language

Selection of proper footwear for people with diabetes and its complications

Diabetes, which commonly occurs in society, often contributes to the development of adverse complications in the form of micro and macroangiopathy and neuropathy. Irregularities within these structures are the causes of development of diabetic foot syndrome. The prophylaxis plays a very important role in case of people with diabetes. It is recommended to choose the right, individually designed footwear that will prevent the formation of wounds on the feet. In the period of prevention, hygiene and foot control also play an important role in preventing the development of calluses or the formation of cuts. Among people suffering from diabetes, wounds tend to be difficult to heal, therefore, if the wounds occur, comprehensive treatment should be undertaken. In addition to the standard methods of wound supply, it is necessary to unload this body part. It is recommended to wear unloading footwear or insoles that are specially designed for the patient's needs. Computer foot diagnostics is helpful in choosing the right footwear, it assesses the distribution of foot pressure on the ground while walking (dynamic test) and standing (static test)

Expertise en écriture académique – entre acculturation et conscience disciplinaire

As an intellectual task, academic writing is not reducible solely to language skills or adequate writing tech-niques. The paper aims to compare the research results related to the cognitive and discursive aspects of expertise in academic writing to determine the key elements that contribute to its special character. These elements are intended to lay the foundation for the teaching of academic writing in tertiary education. The analysis focuses on the development of cognitive skills among novice researchers.As an intellectual task, academic writing is not reducible solely to language skills or adequate writing tech-niques. The paper aims to compare the research results related to the cognitive and discursive aspects of expertise in academic writing to determine the key elements that contribute to its special character. These elements are intended to lay the foundation for the teaching of academic writing in tertiary education. The analysis focuses on the development of cognitive skills among novice researchers

La narration en didactique des langues. Présentation

La narration en didactique des langues. Présentatio

Rehabilitation of speech in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease in spite of being nowadays considered as an inauspicious health prognosis because of its incurable nature, can be combated by the use of a number of non-pharmacological methods. With their help a patient will be able to retain full independence and mobility as long as possible. The immediate cause of the disease is a disorder of the proper functioning of the extrapyramidal system, which is associated with the occurrence of characteristic symptoms such as dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system and the autonomic nervous system, abnormal sensation and mental disorders. Planning of the improvement is guided by the presence of the primary symptoms such as muscle rigidity, slowness of movement and tremor. One of the effects of the co-occurrence of these symptoms are speech disorders. There is a number of characteristic features for speech disorders of a person with Parkinson's disease and they mainly concern its quality. These dysfunctions negatively affect the patient's communication with the environment. Properly implemented physical activity brings beneficial results, causing a delay in the buildup of disease symptoms