A revision of African Psammoecus (Coleoptera, Silvanidae) and descriptions of two new species from the collection of the Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale

A revision of the known African species of Psammoecus is given, including redescriptions and illustrations of diagnostic characters. Extensive material from the Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale (Tervuren) is studied. Two new species are described: Psammoecus leleupi sp. nov., and Ps. luchti sp. nov. Four specific names are synonymized: Psammoecus excellens Grouvelle, 1908 = Ps. trimaculatus Motschulsky, 1858; Ps. alluaudi Grouvelle, 1912 = Ps. trimaculatus Motschulsky, 1858; Ps. longulus Grouvelle, 1878 = Ps. longicornis Schaufuss, 1872; Ps. nitescens Grouvelle, 1914 = Ps. laetulus Grouvelle, 1914. A key to the African species is provided

In the Shadow of World Polity: Spatial Narratives of Civil Society Organizations

World Polity Theory has found broad acceptance as an explanation for the worldwide spread of rationalist ideas and modern models of actorhood in and through civil society. This theory states that modern actorhood is about the representation of legitimated principals, which in many cases are abstract principles such as global notions of human rights or environmental sustainability. In our study, we add on to this by analyzing spatial narratives of CSOs located in Austria's largest metropolitan region. We identify six narratives: lococentric, home/alien, world polity, world society, glocalization and earthly/metaphysical world. We find that these narratives form a spectrum whose focus ranges from the local to the global to the metaphysical level. World polity theory is able to explain the middle of this spectrum, but has been insensitive to its outer sections, which in the case of the lococentric narrative make up a major part of what is going on in civil society. We thus show that there are remarkably large spaces for the development of CSO identities that are hardly affected by global isomorphism

Facial expressions and personality: A kinematical investigation during an emotion induction experiment

Background/Aims: In order to elucidate the relationship between personality traits and expression of positive emotions in healthy volunteers, standardized personality inventories and kinematical analysis of facial expressions can be helpful and were applied in the present study. Methods: Markers fixed at distinct points of the face emitting ultrasonic signals at high frequency gave a direct measure of facial movements with high spatial-temporal resolution. Forty-six healthy participants (mean age: 40.7 years; 20 males, 26 females) watching a witty movie ('Mr. Bean') were investigated. Results: Speed of `laughing' was associated with higher scores on Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale and NEO-FFI (Openness to Experience). Conclusion: Kinematical analysis of facial expressions seems to reflect sensation seeking and related personality styles. Higher speed of facial movements in sensation seekers suggests lowered serotonergic function. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

The Power of Stakeholder Input: How Bringing Diverse Voices to the Table Helps Your Equity Journey

The General Assembly finds that this State has an urgent and collective responsibility to achieve educational equity by ensuring that all policies, programs, and practices affirm the strengths that each and every child brings with diverse background and life experiences and by delivering the comprehensive support, programs, and educational opportunities children need to succeed

Migrant African women: tales of agency and belonging

This paper explores issues of belonging and agency among asylum seekers and refugee women of African origin in the UK. It discusses the ways these women engendered resistance in their everyday life to destitution, lack of cultural recognition, and gender inequality through the foundation of their own non-governmental organization, African Women’s Empowerment Forum, AWEF, a collective ‘home’ space. The focus of this account is on migrant women’s agency and self-determination for the exercise of choice to be active actors in society. It points to what might be an important phenomenon on how local grassroots movements are challenging the invisibility of asylum seekers’ and refugees’ lives and expanding the notion of politics to embrace a wider notion of community politics with solidarity. AWEF is the embodiment of a social space that resonates the ‘in-between’ experience of migrant life providing stability to the women members regarding political and community identification

Volumenverschiebungen beim Sprung der Jagdspinne Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1877)

Durch Längenmessungen an Exuvien wurden die Größenverhältnisse von Beinlängen, Drehachsenlängen der Beingelenke und der Fläche des Carapax bei C. salei ermittelt. Für die hydraulisch gestreckten Femoro- Patellar- und Tibio-Metatarsalgelenke wurden die Volumen-Winkel-Kennlinien bestimmt. Das Sprungverhalten wurde durch Hochgeschwindigkeits-Videoaufnahmen (Bildfrequenz 500 Hz) mit drei Kameras dokumentiert. Aus den volumetrischen, kinematischen und morphometrischen Daten wurden die Volumenverschiebungen berechnet, die bei Sprungbewegungen auftreten. Aus der prosomalen Volumenverschiebung konnte der korrespondierende Carapaxhub berechnet werden. Mit einer Miniatur- Kraftmeßplattform und einem mit Schrittmotoren getriebenen "x-y-z-Tisch" wurden Steifigkeiten des Prosomas von Perania nasuta Schwendinger, 1989 und ausgewählten anderen Taxa bestimmt. Bei Cupiennius salei gibt es zwei unterschiedliche Sprungtypen: Unvorbereitete Sprünge als Reaktion auf sehr plötzliche Störungen zeichnen sich durch eine große Vielfalt der Bewegungsmuster aus. Vorbereitete Sprünge zeigen charakteristische Beinstellungen und Kontaktphasenmuster: Zunächst erfolgt eine etwa 20 ms dauernde Ausholbewegung, anschließend beginnt die 22 - 42 ms dauernde Beschleunigungsphase. Die Körperlängsachse vollzieht während der Beschleunigungsphase eine Vorwärtsrotation um etwa 50°, die nach dem Verlust des Bodenkontaktes der Beine gestoppt und umgekehrt wird. Dies erfolgt wohl durch ein kontrolliertes Bremsen des Ausstoßes des Sicherheitsfadens. Bei vorbereiteten Sprüngen konnten Sprungweiten bis zu 0.43 m beobachtet werden, die maximalen vertikalen Geschwindigkeiten betrugen 0.07 - 0.82 ms-1, maximale horizontale Geschwindigkeiten lagen bei 0.65 - 1.25 ms-1. Bei vorbereiteten Sprüngen wurden vertikale Beschleunigungen von 0.74 – 33.70 ms-2 und horizontale Beschleunigungen von 20.5 – 68.4 ms-2 erreicht. Die Kontaktphasen der Beine enden in einer charakteristischen Reihenfolge: Die Vorderbeine haben meist keinen Bodenkontakt, die dritten Beine heben nach durchschnittlich 37 % und die vierten Beine nach durchschnittlich 69 % der Dauer der Beschleunigungsphase ab. Zuletzt verlieren die zweiten Beine den Bodenkontakt. Zu Beginn der Beschleunigungsphasen richten sich innerhalb von durchschnittlich 4.6 ms Stacheln auf der Oberfläche der Beine auf. Die Stachelaufrichtung erfolgt bei Drucken von etwa 35 bis etwa 65 kPa. Dies zeigt einen Druckanstieg in den Beinen auf Werte von ³ 65 kPa während der Beschleunigungsphase an. Der Hauptanteil der Volumenverschiebungen in den Beinen wird durch Bewegungen der Femoro-Patellargelenke verursacht. Die Bewegungen der Tibio-Metatarsalgelenke bewirken nur geringe Volumenverschiebungen. Aufgrund der anatomischen Struktur der Trochantero- Femoralgelenke sind die bei Bewegung dieser Gelenke verschobenen Volumina vernachlässigbar klein. Die Abschätzung der zur Beinstreckung bei Sprüngen erforderlichen Carapaxverschiebungen ergab sehr geringe Werte, es sind nur Verschiebungen um wenige 1/100 bis 1/10 mm erforderlich. Für die vollständige Streckung aller Beine muß der Carapax nur um 10% der aufgrund der anatomischen Gegebenheiten maximal möglichen Strecke verschoben werden. Bei den Untersuchungen an Perania nasuta wurden prosomale Steifigkeiten von mehr als 3500 Nm-1 für Weibchen und mehr als 6500 Nm-1 für Männchen ermittelt. Das Prosoma von Perania nasuta ist sehr viel rigider als bei anderen Spinnen (Pholcus: 131 Nm-1, Zelotes: 79 Nm-1, Pardosa: 72 Nm-1, Dysdera: 1900 Nm-1). Die Carapaxverschiebung, die den zur vollständigen Beinstreckung erforderlichen Volumentransport bewirkte, würde bei Perania eine Verformungsarbeit von bis zu 27.56 myJ erfordern, bei den anderen Spinnen nur maximal 1.67 myJ (Dysdera). Das Sprungverhalten von Cupiennius salei läßt sich keinem der bislang beschriebenen Sprungtypen zuordnen. Hinsichtlich der Sprungweite und Geschwindigkeiten sind die Sprungleistungen von Cupiennius mit denjenigen von Salticiden vergleichbar. Die geringen Carapaxverschiebungen beim Sprung lassen sich im Sinne einer Optimierung der Arbeit extrinsischer coxaler Muskeln interpretieren. Eine Minimierung von Carapaxverschiebungen sollte die Koordinierbarkeit der Bewegungen der Coxae erhöhen, weil ein stärker formkonstanter Bezugsrahmen gegeben ist. Dementsprechend lassen sich Bein- und Carapaxdimensionen bei verschiedenen Spinnentaxa im Hinblick auf die jeweiligen Lokomotionsstrategien interpretieren. Die Untersuchungen an Perania nasuta bestätigen die von Kropf (in Vorb.) aufgestellte Hypothese einer starken Versteifung des Prosoma. Die Druckpumpe scheint hier im Opisthosoma lokalisiert zu sein. Hinsichtlich der möglichen Vorteile einer solchen Entwicklung lassen sich einerseits die besseren Bedingungen der Arbeit extrinsischer coxaler Muskeln im vollständig steifen "Gestell" des Prosoma nennen, andererseits könnte aufgrund entsprechender Lokomotionsmodi bei Perania keine Notwendigkeit zur schnellen Verschiebung großer Haemolymphvolumina aus dem Prosoma bestehen, so daß eine leistungsfähige prosomale Druckpumpe wegfallen konnte

Wnt9b Signals Through Two Distinct Pathways to Regulate Progenitor Maintenance, Differentiation and Morphogenesis During Kidney Development

The development of the kidney is dependent upon reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud epithelium and a mesenchymal progenitor population known as the metanephric mesenchyme. Signals from the ureteric bud cause a subset of the progenitors to differentiate into tubules while the remainder of the mesenchyme undergoes proliferation/self renewal. This process of progenitor expansion and differentiation reiterates itself during the course of development, ultimately resulting in the formation of approximately 20,000 tubules per mouse kidney. Establishment of the correct number of tubules depends on a careful balance between the induction of new tubules and the expansion of the existing tubule progenitor cells. The molecular mechanisms by which this balance is achieved are poorly understood. Previous studies suggested that Wnt/_-catenin signaling was necessary and sufficient to induce tubule formation. Further, it was hypothesized that the pathway must be repressed in the progenitors to keep them in an undifferentiated state. However, using a combination of microarray analysis and genetics, I have found that Wnt/_-catenin signaling is active in the progenitor compartments. My data indicate that rather than inhibiting _-catenin activity, factors in the progenitor cells (primarily the transcription factor Six2) alter the transcriptional output of _-catenin signaling. Wnt/_-catenin signaling is required for stem cell renewal/proliferation of the progenitor cells. These data reveal a mechanism through which cells receiving the same Wnt9b signal can respond in distinct ways (differentiation vs. proliferation). Utilizing this simple mechanism, the kidney balances the induction of new tubules and the maintenance of tubule progenitors, thereby insuring formation of the proper number of tubules. While the mechanisms regulating tubule formation have been well studied, little is known of the mechanisms that establish the length or diameter of these tubules. In the kidney, defects in the establishment or maintenance of tubule diameter are associated with one of the most common inherited human disorders, polycystic kidney disease. Here, I show that attenuation of Wnt9b signaling during kidney morphogenesis affects the planar cell polarity of the epithelium and leads to tubules with significantly increased diameter. Although previous studies showed that polarized cell divisions played an important role in the maintenance of postnatal kidney tubule diameter, we find that during early embryonic development, cell divisions are randomly oriented. Therefore the orientation of cell division plays little role in kidney tubule diameter establishment. Instead, our data suggest that diameter is established during early morphogenetic stages by convergent extension processes and maintained by polarized cell divisions. Wnt9b, signaling through the non-canonical Rho/Jnk branch of the Wnt pathway, is necessary for both of these processes. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the kidney tubule development and morphogenesis and greatly enhance our ability to generate kidney stem cells and engineer tubules for damaged organs

Deep Learning-Driven State Correction: A Hybrid Architecture for Radar-Based Dynamic Occupancy Grid Mapping

This paper introduces a novel hybrid architecture that enhances radar-based Dynamic Occupancy Grid Mapping (DOGM) for autonomous vehicles, integrating deep learning for state-classification. Traditional radar-based DOGM often faces challenges in accurately distinguishing between static and dynamic objects. Our approach addresses this limitation by introducing a neural network-based DOGM state correction mechanism, designed as a semantic segmentation task, to refine the accuracy of the occupancy grid. Additionally a heuristic fusion approach is proposed which allows to enhance performance without compromising on safety. We extensively evaluate this hybrid architecture on the NuScenes Dataset, focusing on its ability to improve dynamic object detection as well grid quality. The results show clear improvements in the detection capabilities of dynamic objects, highlighting the effectiveness of the deep learning-enhanced state correction in radar-based DOGM.Comment: Accepted at 35th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) 202

Nonprofits for cohesive cities : neighborhood characteristics, organizational practices, and their effects on social and systemic integration

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) contribute to vital neighborhoods by building communities of citizens and acting as intermediaries between citizens and organi- zations. We investigate how NPOs’ engagement in social and systemic integration is shaped by neighborhood char- acteristics, and how it relates to the organizational practices of managerialism and organizational democracy. We combine survey data with administrative data from a rep- resentative sample of NPOs in a major European city. To measure the effect of neighborhood on organizational integration, we separated the city into 7,840 grid cells characterized by population, per capita income, share of immigrant population, and density of organizations. Find- ings indicate that managerialism positively relates with systemic integration, as organizational democracy relates with social integration. Neighborhood characteristics, however, are not related with NPOs’ engagement inintegration. Our findings contribute to research on urban social cohesion by illuminating the interplay between NPOs’ organizing practices, local neighborhoods, and contributions to both forms of integration.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe